By the Court.

delivering the opinion.

On the 15th day of July, 1836, Majors Henderson, then in life, brought an action of debt in the Superior Court of Randolph County, against Moses Alexander, the intestate of the plaintiff in error. The defendant, at the trial term, confessed judgment and entei-edan appeal. At August Term, 1840, of the Superior Court, the death of Henderson was suggested, and at the October Term, 1843, the death of Alexander was suggested. On the 3d day *29of March, 1846, John "W. Sutlive caused a scire facias to be •issued, calling upon Moses H. Alexander, as the administrator of the defendant, to show cause why parties should not be made to the action.

The Judge at the Circuit Court ruled that the suit abated, which judgment being excepted to, was reversed by this Court, (see 2 Kelly, 81,) and parties ordered to be made,

At April Term, 1S47, of Randolph Court, Moses H. Alexander, by his counsel, came into court and pleaded to the writ of scire facias, that there was no such record'as the one therein set forth ; and furthermore, that the supposed case therein mentioned, had abated by lapse of time, noproceedingshaving been had thereon since 1843. Judge Warren, on motion of Sutlive’s attorney, overruled and disallowed said pleas, whereupon counsel for Alexander ex- , cepted.

It is conceded that a sci. fa. against bail in civil suits, is an action, and that ordinarily, nul tiel record, may very properly be plead thereto. Whether this plea be admissible in the present case is another question. It is objected for the defendant in error, that Alexander having permitted the appearance term of the sci fa. to elapse, without putting in his defence as required by the Judiciary Act, that he lost the opportunity of doing so afterwards ; that he took the risk of having the judgment in his favour excepted to and reversed, as was actually done; and that he must abide the consequences. And we are not prepared to say, that the act organizing this Court has repealed, or in any wise modified that part of the statute of 1799, which requires the defence to be made in writing, and at the appearance term of the cause. It would seem, however, that a party should not be called upon to plead to the merits of the action, until it was finally settled whether or not he was. a proper party to it; and inasmuch as the judge below held that he was not, that it would be unreasonable to rule that he should nevertheless have pleaded to the merits. — Minor 414, 1 Blackf. 77; 5 Wend. 104. And yet this would not be more anomalous than the rule in equity allowing the defendant to demur, plead and answer, at the same time, at the first term, (Hotchk. 953,) nor more irregular, nor a greater deviation from the general order of pleading, than the act of 1818, (Prince 442, 443,) which authorizes the defendant to avail himself of as many and contradictory pleas as he sees fit. On this point we forbear to express any opinion, merely recommending to parties, out of abundant *30caution, the propriety of not neglecting anything which the Judiciary Act imposes.

[1.] The.precise point, then, presented and adjudicated by us, is this: can Alexander now deny the existence of the record in this case, having once admitted it by his demurrer, that record having been brought up here, and the facts contained in it stated in one of our published opinions, and reviewed; and it having been solemnly adjudged that he should be made a party to the suit set out in that record 1 Shall w© sanction the' legal absurdity of permitting him now to come into court and say by his plea, that it was a mere speculative question which we decided, depending on theory, and terminating in theory, and that in reality there never was any such suit in court to which he could have been made a party 1 We think the Judge below did right in discountenancing such a proceeding.

[2.] We are aware that a demurrer admits the facts well pleaded, with a view only of determining (heir legal sufficiency, and that it cannot be used as an instrument of evidence, in an issue of fact. But there are such things as estoppels by matter of record, and we hold that this is one of them.

[3.] Besides, the effect of the reversal of the former judgment in this case being to overrule the demurrer to the sci. fa., whether Alexander lost his right of pleading under the act of 1799 or not, it -would seem to be a matter within the discretion of the Court, to allow or refuse the wish of the demurrant to plead to the merits. If the Court should be satisfied that it was necessary to the attainment of justice, the privilege would be granted. If, on the contrary, it should be of the opinion that it wag intended for delay and vexation, it would be denied. — Minor. 353, 1 Bibb. 144.

We cannot say that this discretion was not exercised wisely rn the present instance. And we are the less reluctant in coming to this conclusion, from the fact, that by looking through the whole record, we are convinced that, had the plea been permitted for the purpose of showing that the action was out of court for lack of prosecution, under the doctrine in Nisbet vs. Lawson, 1 Kelly, 275, the plaintiff in error would have- .taken nothing by his plea.

Judgment affirmed.