Trout v. Goodman

By"the Court. —

delivering the opinion.

Is parol testimony admissible in Equity, to correct a mistake in the boundary of land, as described in the written contract? And if so, are the declarations of the vendee, made subsequent to the agreement, competent to prove what was the true intent of the parties? These are the points presented in the bill of exceptions.

Amidst the conflict of authority which abounds upon this subject, it would be mere pedantry, in me, to do more than announce the position of this Court, in relation to the questions made by the record. And it will be found condensed in a single para*385graph, in the very elaborate opinion of Chancellor Kent, in Gillespie and Wife vs. Moon, (2 John. Ch. R. 585,) viz:

[1.] That relief can be had against any deed or contract in writing, founded in mistake or fraud ;

[2.] And that the mistake may be shown by parol proof;

[3.] And the relief granted to the injured party, whether he sets up the mistake affirmatively, by bill, as in the present case, or as a defence. I need only add, that this decree was predicated exclusively upon the acknowledgements of the vendor, made subsequent to the sale,

[4.] It is conceded that those who undertake to rectify an agreement, by showing a mistake, undertake a task of great difficulty. Lord Hardwicke said it required the strongest proof possible; and Lord Thurlow, that it must be irrefragable proof. Still, it cannot be denied that the power of reforming written contracts, on the ground of mistake, as well as fraud, constitutes a separate and distinct branch of Equity jurisprudence. It is one, however, which Chancery will exercise very sparingly, and only upon the clearest and most satisfactory proof of the intention of the parties. U. States vs. Monroe, 5 Mason’s R. 577.

[5.] The case of Hull vs. Cunningham’s Ex’r, (1 Munford’s R. 330,) referred to by the Court of Appeals of Virginia, in Tucker vs. Cocke, (2 Rand. 51,) and admitted by counsel on both .sides in the argument, to be the law, and cited by Judge Tucker in his Commentaries, with approbation, (2 vol. 404,) settles the identical principle involved in this case, to-wit: that though the land be sold ingross, for so much, be it more or less, yet if it be evident that both parties were mistaken in a material point, as to the lines by which the vendor held, and there was no express agreement on the part of the purchaser, to take the risk upon himself, a Court of Equity will grant relief, by correcting the error in the boundary. And the reason assigned is, because the buyer does not get the specific thing he contracted for.

We have confined our judgment merely to the question of the competency, and not of the sufficiency of the testimony adduced on the trialbelow. We do not believe that the evidence offered by the complainant ought, under the circumstances, to have prevailed against the answer of the defendant, insisting that there was no mistake. Still, there was proof to warrant the verdict. The dispute is, shall the boundary be limited on one side of this *386tract of land, to the Pendergrass survey, or be extended to Buffalo creek? Hardy Howard swears, positively, that Trout acknowledged to him that he had sold to Goodman all the land north of that creek; and there is other corroborating proof. Two Juries have successively found that the evidence was sufficient to reform the contract, and have decreed accordingly. We-do not feel at liberty to set aside their verdict, as contrary to evidence. The weight of the testimony was their business, not ours ; and believing, as we do, that the Jury has not had fair play, in the sole exercise of the power confided to them by law, of passing upon the facts, we will not, upon slight or doubtful ground, interfere with their finding.

By the Constitution of 1777, the Juries were made judges of the law as well as of the fact, in all cases, and the Judges could only give their opinion, when any orall of the Jury had doubts concerning the law, and applied to the Bench for instruction. Watkins’ Digest, 14. How completely have the relative positions of the Court and the Jury been reversed, in practice at least, since that day, when, owing to the advance of the community in mental and moral qualifications, the very contrary result should have followed. At any rate, their power is still unlimited in Chancery causes, after the suit is “ submitted to them upon the merits, with the evidence thereon.” Watkins’ Dig. 488, 621.

The testimony then, which was introduced, being legal, and the Jury, whose province it was, under the law, having found that it was not equal, or nearly in equilibrio; but that it was clear, unequivocal and decisive, as to the existence of the mistake, there is nothing in the record to warrant our interference. And the conclusion therefore is, that the judgment be affirmed.