By the Court.

delivering the opinion.

[1.] The demurrer to this plea was properly overruled, because it is not, in our judgment, a plea of non est factum. What facts does it set forth? Why, that the defendant is surety on the note, and that when he signed it as surety, it was agreed between him and the principal, that one John Banks should also sign it as co-surety, before it was delivered, and that said Banks never did sign it, as agreed. This plea does not amount to a plea of non est factum. The liability of the defendant depends upon this agreement. If it was not carried out, he is not liable. The plea does not put in issue the execution of the note by the defendant. It in fact admits it, and sets up the agreement and the noncompliance with it, as alegal bar to recovery. It is not in denial, *560but in avoidance of tlie note. If a note or bond be void, ah initio, the plea of non est factum is proper, but if voidable only, the facts must be specially pleaded. This note is good upon its face; the plea does not put in issue its execution, but sets up extrinsic matter in avoidance; such matter as could not be proved under the plea of non est factum. If this be true, how is it a plea of non est factum ? Such, I apprehend, is the doctrine of the Common Law. 1 Chitty’s Pleadings, 479, 480. Lambert vs. Atkins, 2 Camp. R. 272, 273. Com. Dig. Pleader, 2, W. 18. 2 Said. 675. 2 Wils. R. 352. 1 Story’s R. 151, 152. 1 N. & McCord, 554. 2 Ibid, 425. 12 Johns. R. 337.

If this be a plea of non est factum, then it would have been a good plea, if it, in the simple technical language, had denied the note without stating the grounds of that denial — without setting forth the agreement and the non-complian.ce with it. Would that have been sufficient under our statute ? Clearly not.

Let the judgment be affirmed.