Dunn v. Dunn
Dunn v. Dunn
Opinion of the Court
This case was originated by a petition filed in Fulton Superior Court by Mrs. Arviner Gosnell Dunn against Gary Francis Dunn on July 17, 1959, seeking a divorce and alimony. The issues were submitted to a jury which returned a verdict granting the plaintiff, defendant in error here, a divorce
Plaintiff, defendant in error, contends that the motion to set aside the verdict is barred by the statute of limitation which is three years; that defendant is in any event, barred by laches since he had actual knowledge of the first judgment of October, 1961 since May, 1962; that the first judgment is void because it was illegally tried by a jury and that it was therefore immaterial that the motion for new trial was not served, and that the motion for new trial does not become void until dismissed.
Waiver results where the party appears and pleads to the merits (Town of Fairburn v. Brantley, 161 Ga. 199, 200 (130 SE 67)), or where he appears and argues matters collateral to the motion in a manner to indicate that the party must have been served, or must have waived service. Baldwin v. Daniel, 69 Ga. 782. An acknowledgment of service prior to the filing of a motion for new trial and rule nisi coupled with a subsequent acknowledgment of an order continuing the hearing on the motion was held in Trammell v. Throgmorton, 210 Ga. 659 (82 SE2d 140) to constitute a waiver of service.
Here, the only .service of the motion for new trial and the amended motion was by mailing the motions to defendant. As service by mail does not constitute personal service, it is wholly inadequate in this case. It is no service at all. Contrary to plaintiff’s contention, it is immaterial and does not provide proper service that defendant actually received the motions through the mail or, in some way, learned of the filing of the motion for new trial and the amendment thereto. Piggly-Wiggly Ga. Co. v. May Investing Corp., Inc., 189 Ga. 477, 479 (6 SE2d 579, 126 ALR 1465); Davis v. Comer & Co., 108 Ga. 117, 119 (33 SE 852, 75 ASR 33); Payne v. Moore Finance Co., 87 Ga. App. 627 (74 SE2d 746); Carroll v. Muller, 31 Ga. App. 209 (120 SE 548). Furthermore, so far as the record shows he did not know of the filing of the motion for new trial until sometime after the date of the second judgment.
There are no facts appearing from the record to show a waiver of service. Defendant made no appearance whatsoever and there
(a) Where there is no service or waiver thereof, the court is without jurisdiction and its judgment is void, not merely voidable, and may be attacked in any court where such judgment is attempted to be enforced. Code § 110-709; McBride v. Bryan, 67 Ga. 584 (3); Hobby v. Bunch, 83 Ga. 1 (5) (10 SE 113, 20 ASR 301); Winn v. Armour & Co., 184 Ga. 769 (193 SE 447); Lott v. Lott, 207 Ga. 34, 35 (1) (59 SE2d 912); Foster v. Foster, 207 Ga. 519 (3) (63 SE2d 318); Hagan v. Hagan, 209 Ga. 313 (2) (72 SE2d 295). Plaintiff relies upon the decision in Town of Fairburn v. Brantley, 161 Ga. 199, supra, wherein this court held that a motion for new trial did not become void for lack of service until actually dismissed and the supersedeas contained in the motion was of full force and effect until such dismissal. There, the movant in the motion for new trial sought to have the motion declared void, so that the supersedeas could not have the effect of extending the pendency of the motion until October 15, 1921, which was within the statute of limitation period of seven years of the suit filed in 1923 seeking to have a tax fi. fa. paid off by the movant.
Here, it is the respondent who is attacking the motion for new trial and the judgment thereon. Having never been served nor having waived service he is not in the same position as the movant. The new trial was granted and there was a jury verdict and judgment rendered thereon. The defendant cannot be legally charged with any knowledge of these proceedings. Certainly, he cannot now be required to move to dismiss the motion after verdict and judgment. See Code § 3-510; Waldor v. Waldor, 217 Ga. 496 (123 SE2d 660); Merchants’ Bank of Macon v. Rawls, 7 Ga. 191 (4) (50 AD 394); Harris v. McDaniel, 92 Ga. App. 299 (88 SE2d 442). Thus he is not precluded from attacking the entire proceedings by his motion to set aside and vacate the judgment on the ground that they were void at their inception for want of service.
(b) Plaintiff’s contention that defendant’s motion to vacate and set aside is barred by the statute of limitation is without merit. “Code § 3-702 which provides that actions to set aside judgments should be brought within three years from the rendi
That the original judgment of October 23, 1961, was based upon a verdict of a jury when, under a then recent statute 0Code Ann. § 30-101; Ga. L. 1956, p. 405; 1960, pp. 1023, 1024) the judge should have tried the case without a jury, affords no relief to plaintiff. The court having jurisdiction of the parties and the subject matter, the judgment is not void but merely one based upon an irregular proceeding. Henry v. Hill, 84 Ga. 283 (10 SE 742). Furthermore, plaintiff is not in a position to attack the judgment as void. “It is a well-recognized principle of law that when a party assumes a certain position in a legal proceeding, and succeeds in maintaining that position through a judgment of the court, or through the acquiescence of the opposite party to his prejudice, he will not thereafter be permitted to assume, as to the same subject-matter and against the same adversary, a contrary position.” Bruce v. Bruce, 195 Ga. 868, 870 (25 SE2d 654); Hughes v. Field, 177 Ga. 128, 132 (169 SE 344); Ray v. Cruce, 21 Ga. App. 539 (94 SE 899). See also Henry v. Hill, supra. Plaintiff stood by, assuming the position that the trial by the jury was proper, and procured the verdict and judgment. It is not until now, approximately four years later, that she objects to that procedure. Under the principle stated above plaintiff is estopped from questioning the judgment on this ground. There being no other meritorious attack upon the judgment, we conclude that it is valid, even though procured through the use of an irregular procedure.
There being no valid motion for new trial for lack of service thereof, the judgment of October 23, 1961, granting the wife
The trial court erred in overruling the motion to set aside the judgment of April 23,1962.
Judgment reversed.
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting. The provisions of Code Ann. § 30-101 (Ga. L. 1956, p. 405; 1960, p. 1023) are jurisdictional. In divorce cases where there is (1) no issuable defense, and (2) no written demand for a jury trial, a jury verdict is void and a judgment based upon that verdict is likewise void for want of jurisdiction. The record showing no issuable defense was filed to the suit and no written demand for a jury trial, the verdict of a jury rendered October 13, 1961, and a decree entered reciting that it was based upon that verdict and dated the same day, shows that the decree is void on its face for want of jurisdiction, and under Code § 110-709 it is a mere nullity and may be so held in any court when it becomes material to the parties. The Constitution, Art. VI, Sec. IV, Par. VII (Code Ann. § 2-3907; Const, of 1945) provides in such a case that the judge alone has jurisdiction to render a verdict and judgment, and he was not given jurisdiction to render a decree based solely upon the void verdict. This want of jurisdiction rendered the decree void. Kantzipper v. Kantzipper, 179 Ga. 850 (177 SE 679); Eagan v. First Nat. Bank, 212 Ga. 212 (91 SE2d 499). Want of jurisdiction is never a mere irregularity. Though the judge had jurisdiction of the subject matter and the parties, this did not confer jurisdiction to render an unlawful and unconstitutional decree in the case. In
Since the motion to set aside a subsequent decree for divorce and alimony rendered by a judge without a jury, there being no issuable defense filed and no written demand for a jury trial, is based solely upon the existence of the decree of October 23, 1961, the motion was without merit, and it is the opinion of the dissenters that the court did not err in the judgment of June 3, 1965, overruling the same.
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