Ashworth v. Busby
Ashworth v. Busby
Concurring Opinion
concurring specially.
I completely agree with the majority that Varn v. Varn, 242 Ga. 309 (248 SE2d 667) (1978), properly construed, controls this case and requires a holding that the waiver language here involved is viable, valid and effective. However, I cannot agree with the majority’s conclusion in footnote 9 that Nelson v. Mixon, 265 Ga. 441 (457 SE2d 669) (1995), is distinguishable. For the reasons set forth in my dissent in Nelson, the holding therein is inconsistent with the underlying rationale of Varn. To the extent that Nelson is inconsistent with Varn and today’s majority opinion, it should be overruled.
Opinion of the Court
Appellee filed a petition in the trial court seeking to modify his permanent alimony obligations to appellant. Appellant filed a motion for summary judgment, in which she argued that appellee had waived his right to seek such modification. The trial court denied appellant’s request for summary judgment, and this Court granted her discretionary application. Finding that the parties’ settlement agreement contains a clear and express waiver of the right to seek a modification of alimony, we reverse.
In October 1984, the parties entered into a settlement agreement that purported to resolve all issues relative to their divorce, which was later incorporated into their final divorce decree. Pursuant to the incorporated settlement agreement, the appellee ex-husband was ordered, among other things, to pay permanent alimony in monthly installments. Part 15 of the agreement states that it was intended by both parties “as full and final settlement of any and all rights or obligations either may have from or to the other . . . in any way incidental to their marriage to each other.” Part 13 of the settlement agreement reads as follows:
[Appellee and appellant] expressly waive any right which she or he may have to modify or revise this Agreement or to modify or revise any Judgment in any action providing for permanent alimony or to petition to modify or rescind any decree or judgment of which this Agreement is made a part. Except as specifically provided herein, no modification or waiver of any of the terms hereof shall be valid unless in writing and signed by both of the parties. The failure of either party to insist upon strict performance of any of the provisions of which [sic] Agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of any subsequent default of the same or similar nature.
In 1997, appellee filed a petition seeking a statutory downward modification of his alimony obligations, claiming that his income and financial status had declined since entry of the decree, while the
In Varn v. Varn,
Based upon this language, the Supreme Court in Varn affirmed the trial court’s dismissal of the ex-husband’s action for a downward modification of alimony, because it concluded that in the incorporated settlement agreement, the ex-husband had waived his right to seek modification.
[P]arties to an alimony agreement may obtain modification unless the agreement expressly waives the right of modification by referring specifically to that right; the right to modification will be waived by agreement of the parties only in very clear waiver language which refers to the right of modification. . . . We do not intend to adopt any “magic words” test.5
This rule enunciated in Varn has been reiterated in subsequent cases holding that a divorce agreement may include a waiver of the right to seek modification so long as it employs clear waiver language that refers to that right.
As made clear by our ruling in Varn, no “magic words” are required in order to effectuate a waiver of the right to seek a future modification of obligations incidental to a divorce. All that is required is “very clear waiver language which refers to the right of modification.”
Concerning the ex-husband’s other argument — that in order to be valid, his waiver must refer specifically to future claims seeking a modification of the alimony awarded — the settlement agreement in this matter does make specific reference to such claims by providing that, “Husband and wife expressly waive any right which she or he may have to modify or revise this Agreement or to modify or revise any Judgment in any action providing for permanent alimony or to petition to modify or rescind any decree or judgment of which this Agreement is made a part.” When the settlement agreement between appellant and appellee was incorporated into the final divorce decree, it became the judgment of the trial court. The parties’ settlement agreement makes specific and unambiguous reference to the “right ... to modify . . . any Judgment . . . providing for permanent alimony.” This language satisfies Varn’s requirement that the waiver must refer to the right of modification, and appellee cannot claim that it is insufficiently specific to constitute a relinquishment of his right to seek a downward modification of his alimony obligations.
For the reasons discussed above, under Varn and its progeny, and in accordance with the plain meaning of the settlement agreement’s provisions, we conclude that appellee waived his right to seek a unilateral downward modification of his permanent alimony obligations. It follows that the trial court erred in denying the appellant’s motion for summary judgment.
Judgment reversed.
242 Ga. 309 (248 SE2d 667) (1978).
Id.
Id., 242 Ga. at 308-309.
See Cannon v. Cannon, 270 Ga. 640 (514 SE2d 204) (1999) (finding sufficient language that the parties waived any right “for [the] revision of judgment for permanent alimony pursuant to OCGA § 19-6-19”); Geraghty v. Geraghty, 259 Ga. 525 (385 SE2d 85) (1989) (finding sufficient language that the parties waive their statutory right “to modification now and forever”).
See note 5, supra, and accompanying text.
See, e.g., Cannon, supra; Geraghty, supra.
For this reason, the ex-husband’s reliance upon the reasoning set forth in Nelson v. Mixon, 265 Ga. 441 (457 SE2d 669) (1995) is misplaced. The waiver language in that case
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