Wood v. State
Wood v. State
Opinion of the Court
After the death of 72-year-old Mary Ruth Green from severe neglect, Troy Wood, along with his girlfriend Rita Rene Dorlon, was indicted for malice murder, felony murder while committing cruelty to a person 65 years of age or older, and one count of cruelty to an elderly person. A jury found Wood guilty on the felony murder and cruelty counts. He appeals from the denial of his amended motion for new trial.
Viewed to support the jury verdict, the evidence shows that Wood lived with the victim’s daughter Rita Rene Dorlon and their two children. Wood considered Dorlon his wife and referred to the victim as his “mother-in-law.” Wood and Dorlon were unemployed, and the victim’s Social Security check constituted their primary source of household income. This income became unavailable to Wood and Dorlon, however, when the nursing home in which the victim was residing began receiving the checks directly. Wood and Dorlon subsequently learned that, in order for them to have control over the checks, they would have to take the victim into their home. Wood and Dorlon discussed the situation, and after Wood agreed to assist in caring for the victim, Wood and Dorlon, in concert, immediately removed the victim from the nursing home despite the fact that she was confined to a bed or a wheelchair, was incontinent, and required insulin injections. Prior to the victim’s move, the nursing home staff instructed Wood and Dorlon regarding the victim’s complicated care
1. Wood contends that there was insufficient evidence to convict him of felony murder and cruelty to a person 65 years of age or older because he had no duty to care for the victim and the evidence does not support the conclusion that he ever assumed responsibility to provide health care or other necessary services to the victim. Because the evidence would support the jury’s conclusion that Wood voluntarily agreed to supervise, have immediate charge of, and have custody of the victim in his home, the statute requires him to care for the victim. Cruelty to a person 65 years of age or older is committed when
[a] guardian or other person supervising the welfare of or having immediate charge or custody of a person who is 65*669 years of age or older ... willfully deprives a person who is 65 years of age or older of health care, shelter, or necessary sustenance to the extent that the health or well-being of a person who is 65 years of age or older is jeopardized.
OCGA§ 16-5-100 (a). The statute under which Wood was charged was enacted to protect susceptible elderly persons from abusive physical and financial exploitation. See generally 17 Ga. State U.L. Rev. 93 (2000). In furthering this goal, the statute imposes criminal liability upon a person having supervision or “immediate charge or custody” of an elderly person who willfully fails to provide health care and sustenance to the elderly person. In doing so, the statute does not simply encourage care of a dependent elderly person, it mandates adequate care for the dependent elderly.
Although Wood does not take issue with the coroner’s finding that the victim died as a result of chronic neglect, he nevertheless contends that the statute is inapplicable because he was not the victim’s primary caretaker and therefore could not willfully deprive her of health care and sustenance to place her in jeopardy. The cruelty to elderly persons statute has not been construed, therefore it is instructive to consider cases interpreting the cruelty to children statute, OCGA § 16-5-70 et seq.,
Wood was the only other adult member of the household, he received a direct financial benefit by having the victim at his home
2. Prior to trial, Wood filed a motion in limine seeking to exclude any mention of neglect to his children or violence directed at Dorlon. He contends his character was impermissibly placed in issue when the trial court allowed the State to elicit testimony from the coroner regarding the physical appearance of Wood’s children and allowed Dorlon to testify that she stopped asking Wood for assistance with the victim because doing so would lead to an argument. “ ‘Evidence that is relevant and material to an issue in a case is not made inadmissible because it incidentally places the defendant’s character in issue.’ [Cit.]” Fuller v. State, 278 Ga. 812, 816 (4) (607 SE2d 581) (2005). Here, the condition of the home and its inhabitants as well as Wood’s reaction to the request to assist with the victim were relevant to the issue of his culpability for the neglect of the victim that resulted in her death.
3. Wood contends that the trial court erred in allowing the jury to view three photographs that showed the deterioration to a portion of the victim’s inner thigh. The pre-autopsy photographs that illustrated the nature and extent of the injuries sustained by the victim due to chronic neglect were admissible. See Dean v. State, 273 Ga. 806 (2) (546 SE2d 499) (2001). The fact that the ulcers “oozed” when touched by the medical examiner simply depicts their egregious nature.
Judgment affirmed.
The victim’s death occurred on August 30, 2003. Wood and Dorlon were indicted September 11, 2003 in Whitfield County. Dorlon pled guilty before the trial commenced. Wood was found guilty on June 18, 2004 and sentenced that same day to life imprisonment. His motion for new trial, filed July 14, 2004 and amended November 11, 2004, was denied December 10, 2004. The appeal was docketed February 1, 2005 and was orally argued May 10, 2005.
Subsection (a) of the cruelty to children statute provides that a “parent, guardian, or other person supervising the welfare of or having immediate charge or custody of a child under the age of 18 commits the offense . . . when such person willfully deprives the child of necessary sustenance to the extent that the child’s health or well-being is jeopardized.”
Concurring Opinion
concurring.
I concur with the majority’s affirmance of Wood’s conviction for the felony murder of Mary Ruth Green based on the underlying felony of cruelty to a person 65 years of age or older under OCGA § 16-5-100 (a). I write separately to make clear that under the express language of the statute, the statutory duty giving rise to Wood’s criminal liability arises out of his relationship to Green.
OCGA § 16-5-100 (a) imposes criminal liability upon a “guardian or other person supervising the welfare of or having immediate charge or custody of a person who is 65 years of age or older” when the person willfully deprives such elderly person of “health care, shelter, or necessary sustenance to the extent that the health or well-being of [the elderly person] is jeopardized.”
In this case, Wood was charged by indictment with having immediate charge and custody of Green and failing to provide her with health care and necessary sustenance to the extent her health or well-being was jeopardized. Wood argues that he was not a person with charge or custody of Green but merely assisted Dorlon when she needed help moving Green from the bed to a wheelchair. The record in this case demonstrates, however, that Green was a completely dependent, elderly woman living with her daughter, Dorlon, and Wood, Dorlon’s long-time boyfriend, in a home owned by Green but in which Dorlon and Wood had lived for many years. Wood and Dorlon brought Green to live with them in order to obtain control of her monthly Social Security checks which constituted the great majority of their household income. At the time Wood and Dorlon removed Green from the nursing home against her wishes, they were informed of Green’s special needs and were instructed by nursing home staff on the necessity for and method of moving Green and the preparation of her insulin injections. Both Wood and Dorlon assured nursing home personnel they would care for Green. Wood affirmed his willingness to care for Green when he told Dorlon he would do whatever he could to help care for Green. Thus, Wood and Dorlon agreed between themselves and confirmed to others that they would take responsibility for the custody and care of Green. They in fact took control not only of her physical person, but also over her real property and
Under these facts, the jury was authorized to find that Wood had immediate charge or custody of Green. Although OCGA § 16-5-100 does not define the terms “immediate charge or custody of,” clearly such language was intended to include persons residing with the elder who had been entrusted with the care and custody of the elder either by express agreement or by voluntarily assuming responsibility for such care. As recognized in the majority opinion, courts have similarly interpreted the identical language found in the cruelty to children statute, OCGA § 16-5-70 (a). See Copeland v. State, 263 Ga. App. 776 (1) (589 SE2d 319) (2003).
Because Wood was “a person having immediate charge or custody of’ the elderly Green, and he willfully deprived her of health care and necessary sustenance resulting in her death, he is criminally liable for the felony of cruelty to an elder person under OCGA § 16-5-100 (a).
I am authorized to state that Justice Benham joins in this concurrence.
OCGA § 16-5-100 (a) protects persons 65 years of age and older from neglect. For purposes of brevity, the use of the word “elder” includes the entire protected class.
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