Walker v. Estate of Mays
Walker v. Estate of Mays
Opinion
When Judith Walker and Dr. Aldine Mays were divorced in 1975, the final decree approved and incorporated a settlement agreement which provided that he would maintain a life insurance policy naming her and the children of the marriage as the beneficiaries. The duration of his obligation to do so was "for as long as [the] Agreement is in force." When Dr. Mays died in 2002, there was no life insurance policy in effect that named his ex-wife or their children as beneficiaries.
Ms. Walker and the children (Appellants) brought a breach of contract action against his estate and executrix (Appellees), seeking damages for the failure to maintain the policy. After discovery, the parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Appellees, concluding that Dr. Mays' obligation to insure his life was an award in the nature of periodic alimony and, as such, terminated upon Ms. Walker's remarriage and the children reaching the age of majority.
Appellants filed an application for discretionary appeal and a notice of direct appeal, both of which were directed to the Court of Appeals. The application was transferred to this Court, but was ordered returned because the underlying action was for damages and did not directly involve any issue of alimony. The Court of Appeals then denied the application. Thereafter, Appellees moved to dismiss the pending direct appeal. By order, the Court of Appeals granted the motion, concluding that its previous denial of the application was res judicata and precluded Appellants from further attempts to appeal the trial court's grant of summary judgment to Appellees.
Appellants applied for certiorari as to both the denial of their application and the dismissal of their direct appeal. We granted the **653 petition in each case, and posed the following question to be addressed on appeal: "Whether the order appealed from was subject to the discretionary appeal requirements, and if not, did Appellants lose their right of direct appeal by the denial of their application."
1. Although Appellants denominated their claim as a breach of contract action, the settlement agreement was incorporated into the final divorce decree. "[T]he rights of the parties after a divorce is granted are based not on the settlement agreement, but on the judgment itself. [Cit.]"
White v. White,
OCGA § 5-6-35(a)(2) provides, without exception, that appeals in "domestic relations cases" must be brought by application for discretionary appeal.
Where both the direct and discretionary appeal statutes are implicated, it is always the underlying subject matter that will control whether the appeal must be brought pursuant to OCGA § 5-6-34 or § 5-6-35. . . . Were our precedent to hold otherwise, litigants could avoid OCGA § 5-6-35's discretionary application requirements by seeking relief in the trial court that triggers the right to direct appeal, regardless of the underlying subject matter at issue. Our precedent has repeatedly emphasized that this is not permitted, as litigants cannot under any circumstances *681 dictate the procedural or jurisdictional rules of this Court. [Cits.]
Ferguson v. Composite State Bd. of Med. Examiners,
The obligations and rights created by an incorporated settlement agreement "can be affected only by means of an action addressing the underlying divorce decree itself."
Mehdikarimi v. Emaddazfuli,
2. Appellants cite
Crotty v. Crotty,
[p]ursuant to the Supreme Court's transfer order, we will now exercise our jurisdiction over this case and adjudicate it on the merits; however, were we at liberty to do so, we would once again dismiss this appeal for failure to file a discretionary application.
Crotty v. Crotty,
The obvious error in this observation is that this Court's transfer order did not preclude the Court of Appeals from dismissing the case if it was in fact subject to the discretionary appeal statute. Our return of the direct appeal had no bearing on whether it was a "domestic relations" case within the meaning of OCGA § 5-6-35(a)(2). It simply determined that that appeal was not a divorce or alimony case within this Court's divorce jurisdiction.
Pursuant to OCGA § 5-6-35(a)(2), appeals from judgments and orders in all "domestic relations" cases are discretionary. However, this court does not have jurisdiction over all "domestic relations" discretionary appeals. Under our Constitution, this court only has jurisdiction over "(a)ll divorce and alimony cases. . . ." Art. VI, Sec. VI, Par. III(6) of the Ga. Const. of 1983. The Court of Appeals has jurisdiction over all other "domestic relations" cases. Art. VI, Sec. V, Par. III of the Ga. Const. of 1983. Accordingly, unless [a] case can be deemed a "domestic relations" case in general, which also involves "divorce and alimony" in specific, we would have no jurisdiction over the discretionary appeals.
**655
Eickhoff,
In
Gray v. Higgins,
3. As previously discussed, this appeal is a "domestic relations" case because the underlying
*682
subject matter is a final judgment of divorce. As in
Crotty
and
Gray,
however, it is not within this Court's jurisdiction, since Appellants sought to recover damages for Dr. Mays' alleged failure to comply with a provision of a final judgment of divorce, and not a recovery of alimony or child support pursuant to the terms of that decree. Therefore, the order appealed from is subject to the discretionary appeal requirements and that the Court of Appeals correctly dismissed Appellants' direct appeal. See
Northwest Social and Civic Club v. Franklin,
Judgments affirmed.
All the Justices concur.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- WALKER Et Al. v. ESTATE OF Aldine Marcus MAYS Et Al. (Two Cases).
- Cited By
- 53 cases
- Status
- Published