Greene v. State
Greene v. State
Opinion of the Court
Following a jury trial, Eddieard Konte Greene was found guilty of malice murder, felony murder, aggravated assault, and various other offenses in connection with the shooting deaths of Freddie Jackson and Laura Dowdy and the shooting of Kendra Hays.
*335On appeal, Greene contends that the trial court erred in allowing certain statements of one of the deceased victims, Dowdy, to be admitted into evidence at trial under the forfeiture-by-wrongdoing exception to the rule against hearsay (see OCGA § 24-8-804 (b) (5) of Georgia's new Evidence Code); and that the State improperly introduced fabricated evidence to secure the admission into evidence of Dowdy's statements at trial. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
1. Viewed in the light most favorable to the jury's verdict, the evidence presented at trial revealed that, while walking home on October 23, 2012, Hayes saw Greene, whom she recognized as a former crack cocaine customer of hers who had recently stolen drugs from her. Hayes told Greene that he needed to come by her apartment to pay for the stolen drugs. Later that afternoon, Greene arrived at the door of Hayes' apartment, where Hayes lived with her fiancé, Jackson. Hayes informed Jackson that Greene was there, and Jackson exited the apartment to speak with Greene. Before Jackson stepped out, Hayes handed him a .25 caliber pistol.
Two eyewitnesses who were sitting outside of the apartment building at that time saw Jackson and Greene walk out of Hayes' apartment door. One of the witnesses, Hayes' cousin, Emmit, who recognized Greene from "previous transactions" around the neighborhood, then saw Greene fire five to seven shots at Jackson. Emmit identified Greene in both a photographic lineup and at trial. Another eyewitness, Valencia Williams, could not see the shooter directly from his particular vantage point, but he did see a raised hand firing a gun multiple times. Jackson fell to the ground, and he later died from multiple gunshot wounds, including a puncture wound to his heart. Injuries to Jackson's hands indicated that it was unlikely that he had his own gun in his hand at the time of the shooting, and when Jackson's gun was later found by police it was still fully loaded.
Hayes opened the front door of her apartment when she heard the gunshots, and she saw Greene running away. Upon seeing Hayes, Greene fired a shot at her, hitting her in the arm. Hayes survived her injury, and she identified Greene as the shooter both in a photographic lineup and at trial.
Police responded to the murder scene, where they found a third eyewitness, Dowdy, who stated that she knew Greene personally and saw him shoot Jackson while she was outside on her front porch. Dowdy also identified Greene as the shooter in a photographic lineup. Dowdy claimed that she knew that the shooting had taken place over stolen crack cocaine, and she also led police to Greene's residence. However, Greene was not at his home at that time. After police were able to independently verify the information provided by Dowdy, they paid her a $350 cash reward for her information. According to a neighbor who testified at trial, Dowdy then began talking openly in the neighborhood about knowing who had committed Jackson's murder and that she had seen the crime from her window. Another neighbor testified that Dowdy was "bragging" about knowing who killed Jackson. This neighbor talked with Dowdy about the $350 that she had recently acquired and the fact that she had spent some of this money on a new cell phone, and he warned Dowdy that she needed "to watch out what [she's]
*336putting out on the street." By October 25, 2012, a search warrant was executed for Greene's home and his face was on the local evening news as a suspect being pursued by police.
In the early morning hours of October 27, 2012, Greene killed Dowdy in her home by shooting her through her left eye and in her left arm while he was standing from one to two feet away. A witness who heard the gunshots at the time that Greene killed Dowdy saw the shooter running away from Dowdy's home, and he later identified Greene as the shooter in a photographic lineup. Another witness who lived down the hall from Dowdy also saw the shooting, and he gave a description of the shooter to police that was similar to Greene's physical appearance.
The evidence was sufficient to enable a rational trier of fact to find Greene guilty of all of the crimes of which he was convicted beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia,
2. Greene contends that the trial court erred by admitting into evidence the statements that Dowdy made implicating him in Jackson's shooting death pursuant to the forfeiture-by-wrongdoing exception to the rule against hearsay. See OCGA § 24-8-804 (b) (5). We disagree.
Pursuant to OCGA § 24-8-804 (b) (5) :
The following [type of statement] shall not be excluded by the hearsay rule if the declarant is unavailable as a witness: .... A statement offered against a party that has engaged or acquiesced in wrongdoing that was intended to, and did, procure the unavailability of the declarant as a witness.
As the United States Supreme Court has explained, "one who obtains the absence of a witness by wrongdoing forfeits the right to confrontation." Davis v. Washington,
However, pretermitting the question whether the trial court abused its discretion in finding that Dowdy's statements were admissible, we find the admission of her statements to have been harmless in light of the extremely strong evidence of Greene's guilt. There was another witness to the shooting besides Dowdy who saw the entire shooting of Jackson; remembered Greene from his prior activities around the neighborhood; and identified Greene as the shooter. Hayes also heard the shooting of Jackson and was a witness to her own shooting moments later by Greene as he ran away from the scene. Dowdy's statements were largely cumulative of those of other witnesses, and carried less weight by virtue of having been impeached as discussed in Division 3, infra. We find no harm from the admission of Dowdy's statements. See Rutledge v. State,
3. Greene argues that the State violated his right to due process by knowingly using fabricated evidence to secure the *337admission of Dowdy's statements against him at trial. See Napue v. Illinois,
Judgment affirmed.
All the Justices concur.
On May 8, 2013, Greene was indicted for two counts of malice murder, five counts of felony murder (two of which were predicated on aggravated assault, two more predicated on the use of a firearm by a convicted felon, and one predicated on threatening a witness in an official proceeding), three counts of aggravated assault, six counts of use of a firearm by a convicted felon, and one count of threatening a witness in an official proceeding. Following a July 8-16, 2014 jury trial, Greene was found guilty on all counts. On August 14, 2014, the trial court sentenced Greene as a recidivist to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for the murder of Jackson, twenty consecutive years for the aggravated assault of Hayes, fifteen concurrent years for the use of a firearm by a convicted felon in connection with the shooting of Hayes, and another consecutive sentence of life without the possibility of parole for the murder of Dowdy. The trial court purported to merge the remaining counts for sentencing purposes. However, with respect to the felony murder counts, these counts were actually "vacated by operation of law" rather than "merged" with malice murder counts for sentencing purposes (see Malcolm v. State,
Reference
- Full Case Name
- GREENE v. The STATE.
- Cited By
- 4 cases
- Status
- Published