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Electronically Filed Intermediate Court of Appeals CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX 27-JUN-2025 07:57 AM Dkt. 397 SO

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX

IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF HAWAI‘I

HOWARD HOFELICH, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. STATE OF HAWAI‘I DCCA and DLNR; DENNIS KRUEGER, ESQ.; ASHFORD & WRISTON LAW CORPORATION; DAVID KAAPU, ESQ.; STEPHEN WHITTAKER, ESQ.; CARL VINCENTI; JUNG & VASSAR LAW CORPORATION; RONALD IBARRA; UNITED STATES COAST GUARD VESSEL DOCUMENTATION CENTER (USCGVDC); DAVID LAWTON, ESQ., Defendants-Appellees, and DOE CORPORATIONS 1-10; JOHN DOES 1-10; JANE DOES 1-10; GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES 1-10; DOE PARTNERSHIPS 1-10; DOE LLC CORPORATIONS 1-10, Defendants

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE THIRD CIRCUIT (CIVIL 3CCV-XX-XXXXXXX)

SUMMARY DISPOSITION ORDER (By: Leonard, Acting Chief Judge, Wadsworth and Nakasone, JJ.)

This appeal arises from an order designating self- represented Plaintiff-Appellant Howard Hofelich (Hofelich) as a vexatious litigant.

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Hofelich appeals from 1 the (1) December 16, 2022 "Findings of Facts [sic] [(FOFs)], Conclusions of Law [(COLs)] and Order Granting Defendants David Lawton, Esq. and Jung & Vassar, P.C.'s Motion to Designate [Hofelich] a Vexatious Litigant and for an Order to Post Security and Prefiling Order" (Vexatious Litigant Prefiling Order); and (2) February 21, 2023 "Order Dismissing [Hofelich]'s Complaint with Prejudice as to all Claims and Parties" (Dismissal Order), both filed by the Circuit Court of the Third Circuit (Circuit Court). 2 Hofelich's Opening Brief is difficult to discern. On appeal, Hofelich appears to raise nine points of error (POEs), the majority of which are difficult to discern and irrelevant to the current appeal, and all of which do not comply with Hawaiʻi Rules of Appellate Procedure (HRAP) Rule 28. The POEs do not state "the alleged error committed by the court"; "where in the record the alleged error occurred"; and "where in the record the alleged error was objected to or the manner in which the alleged error was brought to the attention of the court." HRAP Rule 28(b)(4). The only discernible POE that appears relevant to the current appeal is that the Circuit Court was "prohibited by the 8th Amendment by [sic] declaring . . . Hofelich to be a vexatious litigant" and could not "impose[] [a] fine of $90,000" ($90,000 "fine"). 3 We address this POE under the public policy of affording liberal review of pleadings by self-represented litigants "to facilitate access to justice" and to afford

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litigants the opportunity for appellate review despite their non-compliance with court rules. See Erum v. Llego, 147 Hawaiʻi 368, 380-81, 465 P.3d 815, 827-28 (2020) (citation omitted); Marvin v. Pflueger, 127 Hawaiʻi 490, 496, 280 P.3d 88, 94 (2012).

Upon careful review of the record and the briefs submitted by the parties and having given due consideration to the arguments advanced and the issues raised, we resolve Hofelich's contention as follows, and affirm.

Hofelich argues that the Circuit Court infringed the "8th Amendment" by the Vexatious Litigant Prefiling Order and by imposing a $90,000 "fine." The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution pertains to bail in criminal cases, and does not apply here. The $90,000 was not imposed as a "fine," but imposed as security under Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) § 634J-7, discussed infra.

The record reflects that in response to Hofelich's Amended Complaint filed June 17, 2022, Defendants-Appellees David Lawton, Esq. and Jung & Vassar Law Corporation filed a June 28, 2022 "Motion to Designate [Hofelich] a Vexatious Litigant and for an Order to Post Security" (Vexatious Litigant Motion) pursuant to HRS § 634J-7. 4 The motion explained that

Hofelich filed various lawsuits raising the same claims from 1997 through 2021 for which there was "no reasonable probability that Hofelich [would] prevail"; argued that Hofelich should be designated a vexatious litigant subject to a prefiling order; and requested the imposition of a "$500,000.00 security bond" or other amount determined by the court, and for litigation of Hofelich's Amended Complaint to be stayed until security was posted. 5 Following a November 28, 2022 hearing on the Vexatious Litigant Motion, for which no transcript is provided, 6 the or defendants as to whom the litigation was finally determined; [or] (3) In any litigation while acting in propria persona, files, in bad faith, unmeritorious motions, pleadings, or other papers, conducts unnecessary discovery, or engages in other tactics that are frivolous or solely intended to cause unnecessary delay . . . .

HRS § 634J-7 (2016) provides a mechanism to obtain a "prefiling order prohibiting filing of new litigation" by any vexatious litigant. The statute permits the court, on "motion of any party," to enter a "prefiling order which prohibits a vexatious litigant from filing any new litigation in the courts of this State . . . without first obtaining leave" of the court.

The court may also "condition the filing of the litigation upon the furnishing of security for the benefit of the defendants as provided in section 634J-4." Id. Regarding the procedure and standards to set the "amount of security," HRS § 634J-4 (2016) provides: If, after hearing the evidence upon the motion, the court determines that the plaintiff is a vexatious litigant and that there is no reasonable probability that the plaintiff will prevail . . . the court shall order the plaintiff to furnish, for the benefit of the moving defendant, security in an amount and within a time as the court shall fix.

Circuit Court filed its December 16, 2022 Vexatious Litigant Prefiling Order granting the motion, finding that: Hofelich filed various lawsuits from 2005 through 2017 "regarding the same claims and issues with respect to a judgment obtained against . . . Hofelich in the State of California and the subsequent enforcement of that judgment and execution upon vessels owned by [Hofelich] in the State of Hawaiʻi" (listing nine separate lawsuits); "Hofelich while acting in propria persona, filed, in bad faith, unmeritorious cases, motions, pleadings, and other papers, . . . conducted unnecessary discovery, and engag[ed] in other tactics that were frivolous"; and "there [was] no reasonable possibility that [Hofelich] w[ould] prevail in the litigation." FOFs 5-22. Hofelich does not present any argument challenging the FOFs, and they are binding. See Okada Trucking Co., Ltd. v. Bd. of Water Supply, Hawaiʻi 450, 458, 40 P.3d 73, 81 (2002).

Here, in light of these FOFs, the Circuit Court's determination that Hofelich was a vexatious litigant under HRS §§ 634J-1(2) and (3) was within the scope of its discretion.

See Ek, 102 Hawaiʻi at 294, 75 P.3d at 1185 (reviewing vexatious litigant determination for abuse of discretion). The Circuit Court properly issued the HRS § 634J-7 prefiling order prohibiting Hofelich "from filing any new litigation" in Hawaiʻi state courts on his "own behalf without first obtaining leave of the presiding judge of the court where the litigation is proposed to be filed." See id. These FOFs also support the Circuit Court's order for Hofelich to post $90,000 security

in an appeal to show error by reference to matters in the record, and he or she has the responsibility of providing an adequate transcript." (cleaned up)).

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within 45 days, as a condition of staying the dismissal of the instant case. See HRS § 634J-7.

Because Hofelich did not post the security within the forty-five-day deadline, the Circuit Court properly dismissed the case with prejudice, pursuant to HRS § 634J-7. Hofelich does not present discernible argument challenging the Dismissal Order. See HRAP Rule 28(b)(7) ("Points not argued may be deemed waived.").

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the December 16, 2022 Vexatious Litigant Prefiling Order and the February 21, 2023 Dismissal Order, both filed by the Circuit Court of the Third Circuit.

In light of our resolution of this appeal, all pending motions are dismissed as moot.

DATED: Honolulu, Hawai‘i, June 27, 2025.

On the briefs: /s/ Katherine G. Leonard Howard Hofelich, Acting Chief Judge Self-Represented Plaintiff- Appellant. /s/ Clyde J. Wadsworth Associate Judge David H. Lawton, for Defendants-Appellees /s/ Karen T. Nakasone DAVID H. LAWTON and JUNG & Associate Judge VASSAR, P.C.

Andrew I. Kim, Deputy Attorney General for Defendants-Appellees STATE OF HAWAI‘I DCCA.

Robert I. Park, for Defendant-Appellee ASHFORD & WRISTON, A LIMITED LIABILITY LAW PARTNERSHIP LLP.

Stephen D. Whittaker, Self-Represented Defendant- Appellee.