Kahaleaahu v. Pereira
Kahaleaahu v. Pereira
Opinion of the Court
OPINION OF THE COURT BY
This is a suit in equity for assignment of dower and for damages for detention of dower. The plaintiff’s husband died intestate seized of the land in question June 29, 1871, leaving a minor daughter as his only heir and the plaintiff as dowress. The land, which is situated on Liliha Street, Honolulu, was then vacant and remained so until the daughter, having come of age, conveyed it to one Naukana, October 7, 1880. During that period, the widow and daughter lived together on other land adjoining the land in question. Naukana leased the land, March 20, 1882, to one Wong Quing for ten years at $65 a year and on April 23, 1883, conveyed it to the defendant Pereira,
The first question is whether the plaintiff is now entitled to dower at all. No question is raised as to the amount at which her dower interest, if any, was valued. It is contended that her right of action accrued on the death of her husband, in 1871, and that therefore she is barred by the statute of limitations, the period prescribed by which for real actions was twenty years at the time this suit was begun, in September, 1899. There is much difference of opinion elsewhere as to whether general statutes of limitations are applicable to actions for dower (See 10 Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law, 2nd Ed., 205; 19 Id. 180) and we have no special statute on the subject; but in our opinion the better rule is that the general statute does apply, and it was so stated in Makauhana v. Pua, 6 Haw. 651. But does it riln from the time the right to dower accrued, in this case June 29, 1871, when the husband died, or from the time an adverse claim is set up against it, in this case April 23, 1883, when the daughter conveyed ? If the latter date, the twenty years had not elapsed when this suit was begun. There is no evidence that the daughter claimed adversely to the widow before that date. The land in question was vacant and they both lived together on adjoining land. There is upon this question also — as to when the statute begins to run — some difference of opinion elsewhere. In South Carolina it seems to be held that it “does not begin to run until there is a possession in some one adverse to the claimant of dower.” 10 Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law, 2nd Ed., 206.
It is urged, however, that equity is not bound by the statute of limitations and may deny relief on the ground of laches, even when the statute has not run. It is true “equity aids the vigilant,, not those who sleep upon their rights,” but it is also true that “equity follows the law” and this seems to be a case for the application of the latter maxim.
The remaining question relates to the time from which damages should be allowed for detention of dower. Should it be from the death of the husband, from the beginning of the adverse possession, from six years back, from demand or from the commencement of the suit ? This is often settled by statute, and in the absence of statute some nice distinctions are drawn from varying states of facts, and courts differ greatly. At common law no damages were allowed. But by the statute of Merton, 20 Henry III., C. 1, damages could be recovered from the date of,the husband’s death, in case the husband died seized. But if the heir pleaded and proved that he was always ready to render dower, damages were allowed only from demand. Generally in the United States the time is either from the death of the husband or else from the date of demand or suit. In some states recovery is made to depend upon whether the husband died seized or not and in other states that makes no difference. In some, recovery against the husband’s alienee is allowed only from demand, even though recovery might be had from the heir from the husband’s death. See 2 Scribner, Dower, Ch. 25; 3 Sutherland, Dam. 354; 10 Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law, 2nd Ed., 190. To allow in favor of one who, as in this instance, has slept on her rights, and against one who, as here, purchased in good faith, and who might have been in possession for only a short time, damages from the husband’s death, in this instance, for some thirty'years, does not seem quite right to say the least. That was not allowed at common law and is not required by any statute. Nor is there any rule of law or statutory provision
The decree appealed from is reversed and the case is remanded to the Circuit Judge for such further proceedings as may be proper consistently with this opinion.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- SOPHIA H. KAHALEAAHU v. MANUEL S. PEREIRA and S. KOBAYASHI
- Status
- Published