Slatten v. Des Moines Valley R. R.

1. municipal CORPORATIONS Í railroad: right of way over streets. I. The first question, in order, which arises upon the demurrer to the answer, is as to the proper construction of the city ordinance, set , , . " out at length m the preceding statement. ° . ~ I he first section grants the right of way to the defendant for its railroad over and along Market street, but provides that the company shall build its road on the grade of the city, or such grade as may be agreed upon. ■ Without more, this would limit the company to the grade fixed by the city, unless the defendant should show that some other grade had been agreed upon:

2. — right to waybi-Mge-1' owner.68t0 lot The second section grants to defendant the right to build and operate a railroad bridge on Market street, over and across the Des Moines river. There is no limitation in this section as to the grade or height of the bridge; and the limit as to grade contained in the proviso to the first section applies only to the street. By no principle of legal construction can it be said that the bridge was to be built upon the grade fixed by the city for the street. No specific requirement being made in connection with the grant of the right to build and operate the bridge, none would attach except the one generally implied, that it should be built in a reasonable and proper manner, with at least ordinary skill and care.

The grant of the right to build and operate the bridge is clear and certain ; and this grant carried with it all the incidental rights and powers which were requisite to the efficacious and beneficial exercise and enjoyment of the right. And among these there must, of course, be included the right to construct necessary and suitable *153approaches, without which the bridge could not be operated at all. So far, then, as the construction of the ordinance is concerned, we have no doubt that, by its terms, the defendant had the right to build its road upon the grade of the street (or any other grade agreed upon), and to build the bridge with such approaches thereto as were necessary and proper for the efficacious enjoyment and operation of it.

II. The next question in natural order arising is, whether the city council of the city of Des Moines was itself possessed of authority to grant such rights to the defendant. - And this, under our previous decisions, does not admit of any doubt. Milburn v. The City of Cedar Rapids, et al., 12 Iowa, 246; The City of Des Moines v. Hall, 24 id. 234; The City of Clinton v. The C. R. & M. R. R. R. Co., 24 id. 455. Whether the defendant was or not entitled to the same rights under the statutes, even in the absence of any grant by the city of Des Moines, we need not now discuss or determine.

III. And, finally, is the defendant liable for the consequential damages resulting to plaintiff by the construction of its road, bridge and approaches in the manner it has done, which, as we have seen, was authorized by law and ordinance of the city ? For it will be remembered, the defendant avers in the answer demurred to that the bridge was properly located and constructed at the lowest practicable altitude ; that the embankment constituted the approach to the bridge, and the same was necessary and indispensable to the operation of the bridge, and was constructed in good faith and without negligence.

The supreme court of Pennsylvania, in an opinion prepared by Thompson, Ch. J., and announced last month, in the case of Woodward & Vincent v. Wells, (Legal Gazette, vol. 2, No. 23, June 10, 1870,) laid down this doctrine : “Consequential damages are never recoverable *154from a corporation of this nature, excepting when expressly given, and on the terms on which they are, allowed.” The corporation in that case was authorized by an act of the legislature to improve a stream, and the action was brought to recover damages resulting from the proper exercise of the corporate power. This, it seems to us, is sound doctrine ; and, indeed, it must be true, as a general proposition, that the rightful and bona fide exercise of a lawful power or authority cannot afford a basis for an action. If the power or right is exercised carelessly, “negligently, wrongfully, improperly, and, may be,' maliciously, the party so exercising it may be liable to respond in damages for any injury, direct or consequential, resulting to another from thus exercising the right or power ; but such liability can only arise upon and for the manner of doing the act, and not for the act itself.

We have examined the cases cited by the appellee’s counsel in support of their view, which is in antagonism to the general proposition we have just above stated, and also other cases. But those cases do not conflict with our general rule. The case of State v. The Ohio and Miss. R. R. Co., 7 Ind. 479, is where the railroad company constructed its road along a street and upon a grade not authorized by law or the ordinance of the city, and the court held that it was “an unauthorized earth embanlcme-nt and obstruction of a public highway,” for which defendant was liable; and the court expressly say that it will not decide whether the city might not authorize the embankment, for there was no showing that it had. In Haynes v. Thomas, 7 Ind. 38, it was held that the acts of the defendants were not authorized by any constitutional law; so in Gardner v. Newbury, 2 Johns. 162. The case of The E. & C. R. R. Co. v. Dick, 9 Ind. 443, was where the company had constructed an embankment across a bayou, *155to the injury of the plaintiff’s land by flooding it, etc. The court say : So far as the interest of the company is concerned, the embankment, may be erected in a proper manner and place, and still be constructed in such a, manner as necessarily to' injure the plaintiff, and for aught that appears in the record, the road might have been built and completed so as to obviate the injury of which he complains.” So, in Protzman v. The I. & C. R. R. Co., 9 Ind. 467, the court held that the city council could not authorize a railroad company to use the streets, and hence a party whose property was injured by such use could maintain his action therefor.

In Brown v. The C. & S. R. R. Co., 12 N. Y., 486, the act of incorporation left the company liable for consequential injuries to persons resulting from building their road across streams, etc. The case of Lawrence v. The G. N. R. R. Co., 16 Ad. & L. 643, was'for obstructing water by reason of insufficient openings, etc. It was held that, as by proper caution the injury might have been avoided, the company was liable. So, also, in the cases of Rochester White Lead Co. v. The City of Rochester, 3 N. Y., 463; Radcliff v. Mayor of Brooklyn, etc., 4 id. 195; Bailey v. Mayor, etc., 3 Hill, 531.

The following cases will be found to support the conclusion in this. Mason v. M. & P. R. R. Co., 31 Me. 215; Aldrich v. Cheshire R. R. Co., 1 Fost. 356; Bloodgood v. M. & H. R. R. Co., 14 Wend. 51; Beekman v. S. & S. R. R. Co., 3 Paige, 45; Hatch v. Vermont Central R. R. Co., 25 Vt. 49; Dodge v. Essex, 3 Met. 380.

The city of Des Moines had the authority to change the grade of the street in front of plaintiff’s property, and that, too, without liability to plaintiff for any injury resulting to her property therefrom. This point has been frequently decided by this court, and is in accord with the current authorities. See Creal v. The City of Keokuk, *1564 G. Greene, 47, and cases there cited ; see also the cases cited supra. What the city might do directly itself it may do indirectly by another. The demurrer thould have been overruled.

Eeversed.