Nishna Valley Community School District v. Malvern Community School District
Nishna Valley Community School District v. Malvern Community School District
Opinion of the Court
The principal issue presented 'by this appeal is whether under the circumstances revealed by the pleadings and the stipulation of the parties, the defendant school district is legally indebted to the plaintiff district in the sum of $5115.43. The trial court held it was, but we cannot agree.
It appears from the record that as a result of school district reorganization in Mills County, Iowa, the plaintiff, Nishna Valley Community School District, and the defendant, Malvern Community School District, came into legal existence on July 1, I960'. One of the results of this reorganization was that portions of three rural school districts, namely, Benton, Golden Hill and Wearin, of less than four governmental sections, remained, and, being located between the new districts, became the object of litigation. See Allely v. Board of Education, 252 Iowa 1142, 110 N.W.2d 410. The county board of education attached these remnants to the Malvern District in March 1960. . Certain residents and taxpayers in those areas filed an injunctive action in the district court, and on the 27th of June, 1960, .a,temporary injunction issued restraining the 'board’s action from becoming effective on July 1, 1960. It provided in part “that the writ of injunction do issue * * * to maintain the status quo-, and to restrain and enjoin the Defendant [County Board of Education] from setting over into the Malvern Community School District of Malvern, Iowa, any lands situated in Wearin, Golden Hill and Benton School Districts, Mills County, Io-wa, which were not included in the aforesaid Malvern Community School District at the time of election thereon, until further order of this Court.” (Emphasis supplied.) Pursuant to a hearing in the district court, this injunction was dissolved November 9, 1960, and these lands were set over into the Malvern District. An appeal from that adjudication was taken to this court and the action of the board and the district court was affirmed. Allely v. Board of Education, supra.
It also appears that when school commenced on August 29, 1960, fifteen pupils from the Benton area and three pupils from
It was stipulated that the remnant rural districts of Benton and Golden Hill made no designation of their pupils to the Nishna Valley Community School District for the school year 1960-1961.
It was further stipulated the assets of the three remnant rural districts on hand July 1, 1960, became the property of the appellant district and that no part thereof has been received by the appellee, and that appellant did inform the superintendent of appellee school district of the court’s action in dissolving the injunction staying the annexation of those areas to appellant district on or about November 15, 1960.
Appellant contends (1) that it does not owe for any tuition or transportation for the elementary pupils nor for any transportation for high school pupils from Benton and Golden Hill rural school districts for the period from August 29, 1960, to and including November 9, 1960, because these pupils were not properly designated to attend appellee’s school district, and (2) that it was not indebted for said services after November 9, 1960, for after that date the students were residents of the Mal-vern Community School District and were required by law to attend its schools or pay their own tuition and transportation to schools in another district. Appellant’s first contention cannot be sustained, but its second has merit.
I. This is an action for declaratory judgment. It asked the court to declare appellant district indebted to appellee district in the stipulated amount, plus interest and costs, and “for such other and equitable relief as to the Court may seem proper and just.” No question is raised as to the propriety of this form
The first problem presented is whether these pupils were properly designated to attend the Nishna Valley Community School and, if so>, for what period. It is conceded that for some years past the pupils from these rural districts were designated by the authorities to attend the schools at Hastings and at Henderson, both of which became a part of the reorganized appellee school district on July 1, 1960. In view of the pending litigation to determine to which of the two newly reorganized districts these remnants belonged, and the district court injunction holding in abeyance the county board of education’s action in attaching them to the Malvern district, it is not surprising that no specific action was taken either by the rural boards or the county superintendent under sections 279.16 and 279.17, Code, 1958, to designate any different school or schools these pupils were to attend during the 1960-1961 school year. Under this situation there is ample basis for the implication that the pupils were to attend the Nishna Valley Community School District, which then included the Hastings and Henderson schools. Apparently nothing was done officially to repudiate the preexisting designation or such an implication prior to November 9, 1960, when the court’s injunction was dissolved.
■Section 279.16, Code, 1958, provides: “If a school is closed for lack of pupils, the board of directors of such school corporation shall designate an approved public school or schools for attendance and shall see that necessary arrangements are made with the designated school or schools for school facilities and transportation. The resident district shall be responsible for the tuition and for transportation as required by law for all pupils attending the designated school. * * * Designations shall be made as provided in chapter 285.”
It is provided in section 285.4, Code, 1958: “* * * After designations are made, they will remain the same from year to year except that on or before July 15, of each year, the rural board or parents may petition the county board for a change of designation to another school. * * Nothing appears to indicate any change of designation was requested or made involving
II. It must foe assumed the prior designations to the Hastings and Henderson schools were properly made. School District of Soldier Twp. y. Moeller, 247 Iowa 239, 245, 73 N.W.2d 43, and citations. The responsibility for the education of these eighteen children temporarily remained that of their resident districts, Benton and G-olden Hill. These prior designations indicate that their own schools were closed and that they were sending the pupils to other schools outside their districts. Thus we have existing designations for the pupils to attend the Hastings and Henderson schools, which by the reorganization had become a part of appellee district. While the county board’s action purported to change the residence of those areas for school purposes from rural independent districts to the Malvern District as of July 1, I960', the court’s injunction prevented that move “until further order of this Court.” It left the situation in status quo with that time condition attached. The change of residence was not annulled but was only held in abeyance for an indefinite period. Under such conditions it is fair to assume that until the injunction was dissolved November 9, 1960, the chil-, dren remained, for school purposes, residents of the rural remnant districts and were to attend the previously designated schools or their reorganized successor, the appellee herein. Such an assumption, of course, is rebuttable, but nothing appears herein to rebut it "until after November 9, 1960.
When the children were permitted to enroll and attend the Nishna Valley Community school, the obligation to reimburse it for tuition and for transportation became that of the remnant resident districts of Benton and Golden Hill. As the trial court put it, there was at least an implied agreement that said districts would pay those expenses, and that when the Malvern District took over the assets of these rural areas it took also the obligation to pay that indebtedness rightfully incurred. This is especially true for such expenses incurred during the period they were required to remain independent rural districts.
Assuming, then, that implied agreement extended only
III. Appellee contends and the trial court seemed to agree that the implied agreement between the remnant districts and appellee to provide tuition and transportation for their pupils extended for the entire school year 1960-1961, and .that that obligation did not cease when the injunction was dissolved. We cannot agree. The change of residence of those in that area was only stayed temporarily, and the existence of these rural districts extended only “until further order of this Court.” All-parties were aware of this provision and knew, or should have known, the life of these remnant districts was only temporarily extended, and in all probability would not extend for the full school year. Any agreement between such remnant districts and the appellee, therefore, must have been made subject to the condition expressed in the injunction, and was to be binding on them only as. long as they remained independent districts. That being true, and, in the absence of some evidence to the contrary, it is not reasonable to believe the agreement was intended to extend the districts’ obligation after their termination or to obligate any district to which they might be legally attached after the stay of the attachment was dissolved. In other words, we believe the implied agreement between the remnant districts and the appellee was limited to the period of the stay, and no longer. Therefore, the possibility of a transfer of these children must have been considered and contemplated.
The result would not be unlike a voluntary move by parents from one district to another. If done during the school year, their children, of course, could not remain in the original district without paying their own tuition and transportation, for a
It must have been clear to all concerned that the temporary injunction could extend the independent existence of the Golden Hill and Benton remnant districts only briefly, and that, unless it was made permanent, those areas would stand annexed to the Malvern District. We find no merit in the contention that, while this temporary stay was in effect, the remnant districts could or even tried to bind themselves or the reorganized district to which they were to be attached beyond any reasonable period after their expiration. In the light of the provisions of the injunction, the implied agreement covered only the period therein provided.
IV. From the record it appears that on or about November 15 or 16, 19601, the superintendent of the Malvern District’s school, at the direction of its board of directors, informed the superintendent of plaintiff’s school of the November 9 court action, and it further appears the Malvern Community School District had grade and high school facilities available for the pupils from the former Benton and Golden Hill school districts. Thus it does not appear that appellant consented to an extension of any agreement 'between the remnant districts and appellee to cover the entire 1960-1961 school year. In fact, the evidence is to the contrary.
As previously pointed out, after November 9, 1960, the residences of these pupils changed, for then the area involved became attached to the Malvern Distinct under the former order
Section 282.6, Code, 1958, provides: “Every school shall be free of tuition to all actual residents between the ages of five and twenty-one years * * (Emphasis supplied.) As a general rule in a school district where adequate school facilities are available, pupils resident in such district must avail themselves of the facilities SO' furnished, and they do not have the absolute right to attend a school in another district at the expense of their local board. 79 C. J. S., Schools and School Districts, section 451, page 362; 47 Am. Jur., Schools, section 151, page 406. There was no* contention here the Malvern school was inadequate or did not maintain proper facilities for these eighteen pupils, and we must assume they were adequate. Having failed to avail themselves of these facilities, although residents of that district after November 9, 1960, and without a designation from the appellant district, actual or implied, the appellee district cannot recover for such facilities furnished those pupils. Clearly there was no agreement, express or implied, that the defendant district would assume that obligation. We must, therefore, conclude the Malvern Community School District is not indebted to the Nishna Valley Community School District for either the tuition or transportation furnished by it after November 9, 1960, and to this extent the decision of the trial court must be reversed.
V. There is no merit to the claim of unjust enrichment,
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Nishna Valley Community School District v. Malvern Community School District, appellant Board of Education in and for Mills County
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published