THIRD DIVISION January 13, 2016

No. 1-14-2563

WING STREET OF ARLINGTON ) Appeal from HEIGHTS CONDOMINIUM ) the Circuit Court ASSOCIATION, ) of Cook County ) Plaintiff-Appellant, ) v. ) No. 13 M3 3566 ) KISS THE CHEF HOLDINGS, LLC , ) Honorable Sandra Tristano ) Judge Presiding Defendant-Appellee ) ) ) (All Unknown Occupants, ) ) Defendants). )

PRESIDING JUSTICE MASON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justices Fitzgerald Smith and Lavin concurred in the judgment and opinion.

OPINION

¶1 This appeal involves an issue of first impression regarding a condominium purchaser's

liability pursuant to section 9(g)(4) of the Illinois Condominium Property Act (Act) (765 ILCS

605/9(g)(4) (West 2012)) for the payment of six months of past due assessments incurred by the

previous owner, whose interest in the property was foreclosed. The issue presented is whether a

wholly owned subsidiary of a mortgagee that purchases the property at the foreclosure sale is

considered a "mortgagee" under the Act so that a third party who later purchases the condominium

from the subsidiary becomes liable for the payment of six months delinquent assessments under

section 9(g)(4). No. 1-14-2563

¶2 After a trial on the condominium association's action to foreclose its lien on the

condominium unit, the circuit court originally ruled in favor of the association, but later

reconsidered and determined that the third-party purchaser was not liable for any past due

assessments. We disagree and reverse.

¶3 BACKGROUND

¶4 The condominium involved is property commonly known as 171 West Wing Street, Unit

203, in Arlington Heights, Illinois. RealWorks, LLC, the unit's former owner, defaulted both in the

payment of monthly assessments to plaintiff-appellant, Wing Street of Arlington Heights

Condominium Association and mortgage payments due to its lender, Village Bank & Trust. In

2010, the association filed an action to collect past due assessments and an order for possession

and judgment was entered against RealWorks on April 19, 2011.

¶5 Also in 2011, Village Bank filed proceedings to foreclose the mortgage on the property.

After a judgment for foreclosure and sale was entered in that case, the property was sold at a

judicial sale. The purchaser at the sale was VBT Wing Street Condo, LLC (VBT), a wholly owned

subsidiary of Village Bank.

¶6 Commencing in January 2012, VBT began paying current assessments due on the unit and

continued to do so until the property was later sold to defendant-appellee, Kiss The Chef Holdings,

LLC on March 29, 2013. During this period of time, VBT did not pay any portion of the past due

assessments incurred prior to the foreclosure.

¶7 The sale to Kiss The Chef was accomplished via a quitclaim deed. Neither VBT nor Kiss

The Chef requested or obtained a paid assessment letter from the association prior to the sale.

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¶8 On December 3, 2013, the association commenced this action against Kiss The Chef

asserting its lien on the unit for six months of past due assessments incurred by RealWorks when

RealWorks owned the unit. After a bench trial, the circuit court originally ruled in favor of the

association, finding that VBT was, for purposes of the Act, a "mortgagee" and that Kiss The Chef's

purchase of the unit from VBT rendered Kiss The Chef liable for the statutory remedy under

section 9(g)(4). Based on this finding, the court entered judgment in favor of the association in the

amount of $4,245.80, plus $1,142 in attorney fees and $583.60 in costs.

¶9 Kiss The Chef moved for reconsideration, arguing first that VBT was the mortgagee and

that VBT's payment of monthly assessments following the foreclosure sale extinguished the

association's lien for unpaid assessments prior to the sale. Kiss The Chef maintained that the

extinguishment of the association's lien for delinquent assessments absolved it of any obligation to

pay any portion of that delinquency. Kiss The Chef also argued alternatively that if VBT was not a

mortgagee, VBT, as the purchaser at the foreclosure sale, was the party liable for the statutory

remedy and because the association had not recorded any lien arising from VBT's nonpayment of

six months of past due assessments following the judicial sale, the lien did not survive the sale

from VBT to Kiss The Chef.

¶ 10 The circuit court granted VBT's motion for reconsideration and concluded that VBT was

not a mortgagee for purposes of imposing liability on Kiss The Chef under section 9(g)(4). The

association's motion for reconsideration of the court's ruling was denied and the association timely

appealed.

¶ 11 ANALYSIS

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¶ 12 The issue presented involves construction of various provisions of the Act as they apply to

the undisputed facts of this case. "The fundamental objective of statutory construction is to

ascertain and give effect to the intent of the legislature." 1010 Lake Shore Association v. Deutsche

Bank National Trust Co.,

; Nelson v. Artley,

. "The most

reliable indicator of legislative intent is the statutory language, given its plain and ordinary

meaning." 1010 Lake Shore,

(citing State Building Venture v. O'Donnell,

(2010)); see also In re Marriage of Turk,

. "[W]hen the

language of the statute is clear, it must be applied as written without resort to aids or tools of

interpretation." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. Earth Foods,

Inc.,

(2010); see also Turk,

. A court should not

consider words and phrases in isolation, but instead should interpret each word and phrase in light

of the statute as a whole. JPMorgan Chase Bank,

. "Each word, clause and

sentence of a statute must be given reasonable meaning, if possible, and should not be rendered

superfluous." Standard Mutual Insurance Co. v. Lay,

; see also Majmudar v.

House of Spices (India), Inc.,

.

¶ 13 Although Kiss The Chef contends that an abuse of discretion standard of review applies to

the circuit court's decision to grant its motion for reconsideration, we agree with the association

that because the underlying issue involves the proper construction of the Act, which presents a

question of law, de novo review is appropriate. 1010 Lake Shore,

("Questions of statutory construction are *** reviewed de novo.").

¶ 14 Several of the Act's provisions bear on the issue presented. Specifically, section 9(g)(1) of

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the Act creates a statutory lien on a condominium unit for the unit owner's failure or refusal "to

make any payment of the common expenses." 765 ILCS 605/9(g)(1) (West 2012). "Common

expenses" are defined under the Act to include "the proposed or actual expenses affecting the

property, including reserves, if any, lawfully assessed by the Board of Managers" of the

condominium association. 765 ILCS 605/2(m) (West 2012). Under section 9(g)(1), the lien for

unpaid assessments is "prior to all other liens and encumbrances, recorded or unrecorded," with

exceptions not relevant here. 765 ILCS 605/9(g)(1) (West 2012). "The plain language of section

9(g)(1) *** creates a lien in favor of a condominium association upon the failure or refusal of a

unit owner to pay common expense assessments." 1010 Lake Shore,

.

¶ 15 The Act also governs the liability of purchasers of a condominium unit at a foreclosure

sale:

"The purchaser of a condominium unit at a judicial foreclosure sale, or a mortgagee

who receives title to a unit by deed in lieu of foreclosure or judgment by common law strict

foreclosure or otherwise takes possession pursuant to court order under the Illinois

Mortgage Foreclosure Law, shall have the duty to pay the unit's proportionate share of the

common expenses for the unit assessed from and after the first day of the month after the

date of the judicial foreclosure sale ***. Such payment confirms the extinguishment of any

lien created pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection (g) by virtue of the failure or

refusal of a prior unit owner to make payment of common expenses, where the judicial

foreclosure sale has been confirmed by order of the court, a deed in lieu thereof has been

accepted by the lender, or a consent judgment has been entered by the court." 765 ILCS

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605/9(g)(3) (West 2012).

Finally, the Act creates a remedy in favor of a condominium association where a third party either

purchases the unit at the foreclosure sale or later purchases the unit from the mortgagee.

Specifically, section 9(g)(4) provides:

"The purchaser of a condominium unit at a judicial foreclosure sale, other than a

mortgagee, who takes possession of a condominium unit pursuant to a court order or a

purchaser who acquires title from a mortgagee shall have the duty to pay the proportionate

share, if any, of the common expenses for the unit which would have become due in the

absence of any assessment acceleration during the 6 months immediately preceding

institution of an action to enforce the collection of assessments, and which remain unpaid

by the owner during whose possession the assessments accrued." 765 ILCS 605/9(g)(4)

(West 2012).

¶ 16 Thus, the Act imposes an obligation on any purchaser at a foreclosure sale, including a

mortgagee, to pay current assessments beginning the first month after the judicial sale. Under

subsection (3), the purchaser's payment of assessments coming due following the sale serves to

extinguish the association's statutory lien under subsections (1) and (2) of section 9(g) for unpaid

assessments incurred prior to the sale. The Act further imposes an additional obligation on a

purchaser, other than a mortgagee, who purchases the unit, either at the foreclosure sale or later

from the mortgagee, i.e., that party must pay under subsection (4) of section 9(g), an amount equal

to the assessments that were delinquent for the six months preceding an association's action to

collect the unpaid assessments. As relevant here, nothing in the language of the Act supports the

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conclusion that a third-party purchaser can discharge its obligation under subsection (4) by paying

current assessments under subsection (3) following the sale.

¶ 17 Our supreme court recently addressed the operation of section 9(g) in 1010 Lake Shore.

There the court considered whether an association's lien for unpaid assessments was extinguished

by virtue of a judgment of foreclosure entered on the condominium unit, notwithstanding the fact

that the purchaser at the judicial sale did not pay assessments beginning the first month following

the sale as required under section 9(g)(3). In 1010 Lake Shore, a mortgagee-bank purchased the

unit at a foreclosure sale, but failed to pay assessments that accrued following the sale. 1010 Lake

Shore,

. The association later sought to collect not only the assessments

accruing since the date of the sale, but also those that accrued prior to the sale. Id. ¶ 4.

¶ 18 The mortgagee maintained that the association's lien was extinguished, like other liens on

the property, by virtue of the judgment of foreclosure. Thus, the mortgagee contended that,

notwithstanding its liability for postsale assessments, it could not be held liable for delinquent

presale assessments incurred by the prior owner. Id. ¶ 7.

¶ 19 The court disagreed, finding that the Act's provisions conditioned the extinguishment of

the association's lien for presale assessments on the foreclosure purchaser's payment of

assessments due following the sale. The court focused on the language of section 9(g)(3)

providing that the purchaser's payment of postsale assessments "confirms the extinguishment" of

an association's presale lien. Resorting to the dictionary definitions of "confirm" ("'[t]o give formal

approval to'" or "'[t]o verify or corroborate'" (id. ¶ 24 (quoting Black's Law Dictionary 318 (8th ed.

2004))) and "extinguishment" ("'[t]he cessation or cancellation of some right or interest'" id.

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(quoting Black's Law Dictionary 623 (8th ed. 2004))), the court held that under the plain language

of section 9(g)(3), "the payment of postforeclosure sale assessments formally approves and makes

certain the cancellation of the condominium association's lien" (id.). The court further

determined that by requiring the foreclosure sale purchaser to confirm the extinguishment of the

lien, the Act "plainly mandates an additional step beyond the extinguishment of the lien in a

foreclosure action." Id. ¶ 25. The court found, therefore, that the mortgagee's failure to confirm the

extinguishment of the association's lien by paying postforeclosure sale assessments rendered it

liable for the entirety of the association's lien, including the presale delinquency. Id. ¶ 33.

¶ 20 The court also addressed the mortgagee's argument that by providing for an association's

limited right of recovery of presale assessments in section 9(g)(4) and exempting mortgagees from

that statutory remedy, the legislature manifested its intent that purchasers at foreclosure sales

should not be liable for all unpaid assessments accruing prior to the foreclosure sale. Id. ¶ 28.

Rejecting this categorical limitation, the court found that while section 9(g)(3) protects all judicial

sale purchasers, including mortgagees, who pay current assessments following a judicial sale from

liability for past due assessments, the purpose of subsection (g)(4) was to allow associations to

recover a portion of the prior owner's unpaid assessments from a new third-party owner. Id. ¶ 32.

The court further determined that because a mortgagee can protect itself from liability for all past

delinquencies by, among others things, paying current assessments following its acquisition of the

unit, subsection (g)(4) posed no impediment to requiring the mortgagee to pay the entirety of past

assessments when it failed to "confirm the extinguishment" of the association's lien by satisfying

its obligation to pay current assessments under subsection (g)(3). (Internal quotation marks

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omitted.) Id. ¶ 34.

¶ 21 The reasoning of 1010 Lake Shore leads us to conclude that the trial court erred as a matter

of law in concluding that Kiss The Chef was not liable under section 9(g)(4) for past due

assessments accruing during the six months preceding commencement of the association's action

against RealWorks to enforce its lien. We agree with the association's argument that VBT is, for

purposes of the Act, a "mortgagee." As the association notes, its position is supported by the

Illinois Mortgage Foreclosure Law, which defines a "mortgagee" as "(i) the holder of an

indebtedness or obligee on a non–monetary obligation secured by a mortgage or any person

designated or authorized to act on behalf of such holder and (ii) any person claiming through a

mortgagee as successor." (Emphasis added.) 735 ILCS 5/15-1208 (West 2012). We see no reason

to depart from this definition in the context of this case. See 1010 Lake Shore,

("[W]e presume that the legislature intended the Act and the Foreclosure Law to be consistent

and harmonious."). There is no dispute that VBT, as Village Bank's wholly owned subsidiary, was

acting on the bank's behalf in bidding at the judicial sale and there is no evidence in the record to

support a contrary conclusion. Indeed, in its motion for reconsideration, Kiss The Chef argued that

Village Bank purchased the unit at the foreclosure sale "through VBT." Thus, VBT was a

mortgagee for purposes of the Act.

¶ 22 Further, because VBT was a mortgagee under the Act, its obligation under section 9(g)(3)

was to pay assessments commencing in the first month following the foreclosure sale, which, as far

as the record reflects, it did. Thus, VBT, under the reasoning of 1010 Lake Shore, confirmed the

extinguishment of the association's lien for past due assessments and, as a mortgagee, was exempt

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from liability for the statutory remedy under subsection (g)(4). On this latter point, there is no

evidence in the record that following VBT's acquisition of the unit, the association demanded

payment of the statutory remedy under section 9(g)(4) from VBT, thus indicating that neither the

association nor VBT believed that VBT qualified as a third-party purchaser of the unit.

¶ 23 VBT's status as a mortgagee also dictates that under the unambiguous provisions of section

9(g)(4), Kiss The Chef, as the purchaser of the property from the mortgagee, was obligated to pay

an amount equal to the assessments incurred by the prior owner during the six months preceding

the association's action to enforce its lien. In this context, it is important to note that the Act

imposes this statutory remedy directly on the new owner. In other words, an association's effort to

collect amounts due under section 9(g)(4) is not an attempt to impose unlimited liability for past

due assessments on the new owner or to resurrect a lien extinguished under section 9(g)(3). Rather,

the Act gives the association the right to enforce payment from the new owner whose obligation to

make the payment does not arise until the property is purchased from a mortgagee. Thus, Kiss The

Chef's failure to pay the statutory remedy following its purchase from VBT gave rise to a lien in

favor of the association, which the association was entitled to enforce via a direct suit against Kiss

The Chef.

¶ 24 This result is consistent with the plain and unambiguous language of the Act. As section

9(g)(3) states, the payment of current assessments following a judicial sale, whether by a

mortgagee or a third party purchaser, serves to extinguish the statutory lien in favor of the

association for past due assessments "pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection (g)." 765

ILCS 605/9(g)(3) (West 2012). Here, the association's statutory lien for delinquent assessments

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incurred by RealWorks was extinguished following the judicial sale when VBT began paying

current assessments. But as the 1010 Lake Shore court recognized, section 9(g)(4) imposes an

independent obligation on third party purchasers and once that obligation is breached, a separate

statutory lien under subsection (g)(4) arises in favor of the association based not on the prior

owner's delinquency, but on the current owner's failure to make the payment required by the Act.

Because nothing in the Act's language supports the conclusion that payment of postsale

assessments has any effect on a third-party purchaser's obligation under section 9(g)(4), the

association properly sought the statutory remedy from Kiss The Chef.

¶ 25 Because we conclude that as the purchaser of a foreclosed condominium from a

mortgagee, Kiss The Chef was obligated to pay the statutory remedy under section 9(g)(4) of the

Act, we need not reach the alternative arguments advanced by the association in support of its right

to recover that sum.

¶ 26 CONCLUSION

¶ 27 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Cook County in favor of

Kiss The Chef and against Wing Street Condominium Association is reversed and this case is

remanded with directions to enter judgment in favor of Wing Street Condominium Association

and against Kiss The Chef in the amount of the statutory remedy under section 9(g)(4), plus costs

and attorney fees.

¶ 28 Reversed.

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