Opinion filed August 29, 2019 ____________________________________________________________________________

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

THIRD DISTRICT

2019

SAMANTHA BIANCOROSSO, a Minor, by ) Appeal from the Circuit Court her Mother, TINA BIANCOROSSO, ) of the 12th Judicial Circuit, ) Will County, Illinois Plaintiff-Appellant, ) ) v. ) Appeal No. 3-18-0613 ) Circuit No. 16-L-456 TROY COMMUNITY CONSOLIDATED ) SCHOOL DISTRICT NO. 30C, ) Honorable ) Raymond E. Rossi Defendant-Appellee. ) Judge, Presiding ____________________________________________________________________________

JUSTICE O’BRIEN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justices Carter and McDade concurred in the judgment and opinion. ____________________________________________________________________________

OPINION

¶1 Plaintiff Samantha Biancorosso, a sixth-grade student at defendant Troy Community

Consolidated School District No. 30C (District), was injured at cheerleading practice and

brought a complaint alleging that the District’s willful and wanton conduct caused her injuries.

The District moved for summary judgment, which the trial court granted. Biancorosso appealed.

We affirm.

¶2 I. BACKGROUND ¶3 Plaintiff Samantha Biancorosso, a minor, by her mother, Tina Biancorosso, filed a

complaint against defendant District, alleging the Troy Community Consolidated School District

No. 30C acted negligently during cheerleading practice, resulting in injuries to Samantha, and

asserting claims for Samantha’s medical expenses. The complaint set forth the following as

negligent conduct: failure to take adequate safety precautions; failure to provide sufficient

supervision and spotters; failure to supervise and observe routines and maneuvers; and failure to

supervise, train, or monitor cheerleading coaches regarding proper safety precautions and

equipment. The complaint asserted that Samantha was “tossed” in the air while practicing on

“thin gymnastics mats” on a tile floor, with inadequate spotters and without observation by a

supervising adult. Samantha filed an amended complaint, replacing the negligence allegations

with willful and wanton claims. The willful and wanton claims mirrored the negligence claims

but substituted willful and wanton conduct for negligence. The District moved to dismiss, which

was heard and denied, and answered the complaint, asserting affirmative defenses.

¶4 The District moved for summary judgment and attached to its motion various

depositions. Tina, Samantha’s mother, testified that her daughter’s cheerleading injury resulted

in surgery, a hospital stay, a cast on Samantha’s arm, and three scars. Samantha continued to

experience some pain on occasion. Samantha first became involved in cheerleading in the sixth

grade. Tina had no concerns about Samantha performing stunts such as the pyramid, which she

had performed at several basketball games before the injury. She had no concerns about the mats

used at practice. She did not voice any concerns to Samantha’s coach. Tina had read and signed

the District’s “Extra-Curricular Athletic/Activity and Concussion Information Permission Form.”

The form acknowledged that there were “special dangers and risks” associated with

extracurricular activities, including falls and broken bones.

2 ¶5 Samantha testified at her deposition that she was currently in the eighth grade and had

stopped cheerleading after sixth grade as she was more interested in dance. She returned to

cheerleading after her injuries healed and was involved in poms in the seventh and eighth grades.

She had pursued cheerleading more for poms because it included dance routines and because

cheerleading and poms were together at the sixth-grade level. She had been involved in tumbling

since she was five years old. She had performed other cheerleading stunts before but was

attempting the one in which she was injured for the first time. The stunt involved girls acting as a

base and she performing as the flyer. She asked to be the flyer. She tried the stunt several times

with the coach present. Although she was wobbly when first attempting it, she was not

unprepared. She could have asked for additional spotters if she felt uncomfortable. Samantha did

not tell anyone she was scared; rather, she felt ready for the stunt. However, while attempting it,

she tilted and fell, putting her arm out to break the fall. She landed on the mat. Cheer mats

covered the entire floor.

¶6 Jaclyn Doumanian was deposed and testified that she was the sixth-grade cheer coach

from August 2015 to January 2016. She had no previous experience coaching or any certification

to do so. She shadowed the junior varsity and varsity coaches and practiced with them. She also

took an online safety training course. She held a meeting where the parents were informed about

safety and required to complete a permission form. When practice was held in the school

cafeteria, they used cheer mats to cover the tile floor. The three coaches, including herself, were

responsible for placing the mats before practice with the cheerleaders’ help. The mats covered

the entire floor and were inspected before practice for rips, tears, or problems and to ensure the

mats were properly connected to each other. There were no complaints about the mats. The sixth

graders did not perform throwing stunts. The stunt during which Samantha was hurt included

3 two spotters, two bases and a flyer. Doumanian would teach the stunts and make sure the girls

were comfortable performing them without her help but in her presence. Samantha was not a

regular flyer but Doumanian coached her about the particular stunt. Initially, Samantha had

trouble standing up in the stunt, which was normal. Samantha tried the stunt a couple of times

and performed it correctly two or three times. Doumanian was working with Samantha and her

group for approximately 15 minutes. If she believed Samantha was uncomfortable or unable to

perform the stunt, she would have stayed and kept working with her. Doumanian made sure

Samantha was comfortable performing it before she moved to work with a different group of

girls. The group was located about 20 feet from Samantha’s group.

¶7 Julie Brandolino testified at her deposition as follows. She was the head cheer coach for

10 years, leaving the position in 2016. She conducted safety meetings with the other coaches.

They used cheer mats rather than tumbling mats because they were safer. The mats were

inspected before each use and were compliant with the standards of the Illinois High School

Association (IHSA) and the Illinois Elementary School Association (IESA). The District bought

the mats used from Wilmington High School.

¶8 Megan DeGroot was deposed and testified that she was the District’s athletic director and

activities director for grades kindergarten through eighth. She oversaw the coaches and activities.

The cheer mats were certified by the IHSA and IESA and were in warranty. The standard

practice was for the mats to be rolled out and inspected before practice, and if there was a mat

problem, practice would be cancelled. She inspected the mats weekly and had done so in the

days preceding Samantha’s accident and in the days after and found no problems.

¶9 The trial court granted the District’s summary judgment motion but stayed it to allow

Samantha time to amend her complaint. When Samantha did not file a second amended

4 complaint, the court again entered a summary judgment order in favor of the District. Samantha

appealed.

¶ 10 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 11 The sole issue on appeal is whether the trial court erred when it granted the District’s

summary judgment motion. Samantha argues that facts exist to support her claim that the

District’s coaches allowed her to practice an “inherently dangerous cheerleading maneuver,”

knowing she was not prepared to perform it without “close adult supervision.” According to

Samantha, summary judgment was inappropriate because the facts in dispute demonstrate that

the District acted willfully and wantonly, resulting in her being injured.

¶ 12 Summary judgment is appropriate where the pleadings, depositions, admissions on file,

and affidavits, if any, establish that no genuine issue of material fact exists and the moving party

is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. 735 ILCS 5/2-1005(c) (West 2016). All facts should be

construed in favor of the nonmovant, and “where reasonable persons could draw divergent

inferences from the undisputed material facts or where there is a dispute as to a material fact,”

summary judgment should not be granted. Espinoza v. Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Ry. Co.,

(1995). We review a trial court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Abrams v.

City of Chicago,

(2004).

¶ 13 To sustain a claim for willful and wanton conduct, a party must establish the elements of

negligence, including that the defendant owed the plaintiff a duty, defendant breached the duty,

and the breach caused the plaintiff’s injuries. Krywin v. Chicago Transit Authority,

(2010). The plaintiff must also establish that the defendant deliberately intended to

harm the plaintiff or displayed an utter indifference toward or conscious disregard for the

5 plaintiff’s welfare. Harris v. Thompson,

(citing 745 ILCS 10/1-210 (West

2002)). The plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant knew of the impending danger and

failed to exercise ordinary care to prevent it or recklessly and carelessly failed to discover the

danger. Lynch v. Board of Education of Collinsville Community Unit District No. 10,

(1980) (citing Klatt v. Commonwealth Edison Co.,

(1965)).

¶ 14 Samantha’s amended complaint alleged that the District was willful and wanton by

allowing her to perform stunts “in a location and on a surface” the District should have known

was hazardous and failed to take adequate safety precautions; by allowing her to practice

“potentially hazardous routines” without adequate supervision and/or spotters; by failing to

supervise or observe Samantha while she performed “potentially hazardous routines and

maneuvers”; and by failing to supervise, train, and monitor the cheerleading coaches regarding

safe practices and use of safety measures and precautions.

¶ 15 Samantha’s claims of inadequate safety precautions, supervision, and proper equipment

are belied by the record. The deposition testimony established that the District used cheer mats,

which were still in warranty and IHSA- and IESA-compliant, for cheerleading practice. The mats

were inspected by the coaches prior to practice and on a weekly basis by the athletic director. To

prepare for practice, the coaches and cheerleaders unrolled and positioned the mats. The coaches

inspected the mats before each practice to ensure they were properly placed and connected to

each other. The District policy prohibited practice if there was a problem with the mats. The

District had not received any complaints regarding the mats. Samantha testified that the mats

covered the entire floor of the practice area and it is undisputed that Samantha landed in the

middle of a mat after her fall. Samantha did not present any facts that the mats were in disrepair

or not positioned properly at practice. The District took sufficient safety precautions to protect

6 Samantha from injury and the fact that she was injured despite its efforts does not equate to a

finding of willful and wanton conduct. See Barr v. Cunningham,

(where

school used some precautions to protect students from being injured, its employees were not

willful and wanton even where the precautions were insufficient and a student was injured).

¶ 16 The evidence also demonstrated that there was sufficient supervision during the practice.

Doumanian explained she worked with Samantha until Samantha was comfortable with the stunt

and that she would not have left Samantha’s group had Samantha or others in the group had any

concerns. Samantha did not feel she needed additional spotters and felt ready to perform the

stunt. Doumanian and Samantha gauged that Samantha was ready to perform the stunt on her

own. According to both deponents, two girls lifted Samantha from each side for the stunt, while

two other girls acted as spotters in front of and behind her. Doumanian remained in the general

area where Samantha’s group was practicing, moving approximately 20 feet to help another

group. The facts are not in dispute that the District employed adequate supervision. See Lynch,

(even inadequate sports supervision did not rise to level of willful and wanton

conduct).

¶ 17 Samantha further alleged that the routines were potentially hazardous and that Samantha

was “tossed” in the air. Samantha additionally alleged that the District failed to monitor the

coaches to ensure they properly and safely conducted cheerleading practice. Doumanian testified

that the sixth-grade routines did not include tossing students in the air and that she ensured the

stunts they attempted were suitable for their ages and skill level. Doumanian explained that she

shadowed the other coaches and took an online safety course, in addition to reading the materials

provided by the District. Samantha explained the stunt and how the girls acting as base held her

feet throughout it and that she had sufficient spotters. Moreover, despite Samantha’s claims, she

7 did not offer any evidence that the District was aware of impending danger regarding the

cheerleading stunts. She did not present any instances of prior injuries to other cheerleaders.

There were no complaints regarding the condition or use of the mats during practice. Tina

testified that she was unconcerned regarding the other stunts her daughter had performed and had

no concerns about the mats. She was aware of the risks and dangers associated with

cheerleading, including the possibility of broken bones. Accordingly, Samantha’s claim that the

District knew and disregarded the possibility of impending danger is without merit. See

Washington v. Chicago Board of Education,

(1990) (willful and

wanton claim properly dismissed where facts did not show that site of injury was unreasonably

dangerous or that defendant knew or should have known of the danger).

¶ 18 Samantha did not present any evidence the District acted willfully and wantonly. The

undisputed facts demonstrate that the District took safety precautions, that the mats were

sufficient, and that there was adequate adult supervision. Thus, there is no genuine issue of

material fact that Samantha’s injuries did not result from willful and wanton conduct by the

District. We thus find the trial court did not err when it granted summary judgment in favor of

the District.

¶ 19 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 20 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Will County is affirmed.

¶ 21 Affirmed.

8 No. 3-18-0613

Cite as: Biancorosso v. Troy Community Consolidated School District No. 30C,

Decision Under Review: Appeal from the Circuit Court of Will County, No. 16-L-456; the Hon. Raymond E. Rossi, Judge, presiding.

Attorneys Thomas P. Polacek, of McNamara Phelan McSteen, LLC, of for Joliet, for appellant. Appellant:

Attorneys Monica E. Banet, of Law Offices of Lawrence Cozzi, of for Warrenville, for appellee. Appellee:

9