Romeo v. Dart
Romeo v. Dart
Opinion of the Court
OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff Danny Romeo (“Plaintiff’) sues Cook County Sheriff Thomas Dart and Cook County (collectively, “Defendants”) alleging -that Defendants discriminated against Plaintiff on the basis of his disabili
I. BACKGROUND
The following facts are not in dispute. Defendants employ Plaintiff in the Department of Community Service and Intervention as the Chief of Operations. Plaintiffs job responsibilities entail administrative tasks. Specifically, Plaintiffs vocational duties include providing statistical information for meetings; coordinating lunches, facility and safety protocols, and paperwork between the courts and the facility; and providing daily transportation information. Plaintiff originally worked at Defendants’ facility located at 3026 S. California Avenue (“318t Street” or “South Campus”). Plaintiff suffers from Multiple Sclerosis (“MS”), and in 2011, Plaintiffs MS deteriorated to the point that Plaintiff could not walk greater than 50 yards without a cane. By February 2012, Plaintiff could not move his arms and legs. Plaintiff took medical leave several months thereafter and has been on leave ever since, while also receiving disability benefits from the Cook County Pension Board.
After rehabilitation, Plaintiff regained limited use of his right arm and leg and could again walk up to 50 yards with the use of a cane. In December 2013, Plaintiff formally sought to return to work by sending a letter requesting that the Sheriff “accommodate [Plaintiff] by assigning [Plaintiff] to the Sheriffs Training Academy, located at the South Suburban College, University and College Center, in Oak Forest” because this “would enable [Plaintiff] to drive an extremely short distance to work, and provide [Plaintiff] with a reasonable amount of walking distance at [a] fully handicap accessible location.” Pl.’s Res. to Defs.’ Statement of Facts at ¶ 17 (“PRDSF”). Between December 20, 2013 and January 10, 2014, Plaintiff and Helen Burke (“Burke”), Chief of Administration, exchanged emails regarding Plaintiffs request. Plaintiff, Burke, and Nancy Bo-urque (“Bourque”), Chief of the Bureau of Human Resources, met at South Suburban College on January 17, 2014 to discuss Plaintiffs accommodation request. Subsequent to the meeting, Plaintiff mailed a Cook County Sheriffs Office ADA Reasonable Accommodation Form to Defendants. The form explained his difficulty walking and inability to write or type. Plaintiff also stated in his form that the exclusive accommodation he believed he needed to enable his performance of the essential functions of his job was a “fully handicappable [sic] facility.” Def.’s Ex. B at 49. On January 24, 2014, Bourque notified Plaintiff that she needed to speak with Scott Kurti-vich (“Kurtivich”), the Executive Director of the Training Academy, regarding the minimum requirements to become a Training Instructor. Plaintiff responded to clarify that he would accept a job as a research and development coordinator or curriculum advisor or another similar job. Defendants then inquired with Kurtivich and also researched whether Moraine Valley or Oak Forest Hospital—locations closer than South Campus to Plaintiffs residence— had vacant positions available to Plaintiff. Defendants concluded that no vacant positions existed for which Plaintiff was qualified at any of the aforementioned locations.
After a follow up email exchange, on February 4, 2014, Bourque and Plaintiff spoke by phone. Bourque informed Plaintiff, and Plaintiff agreed, that he did not qualify for a Training Instructor position. Plaintiff again expressed his desire to become a research and development coordi
Following their call, Plaintiff emailed Burke, explaining the conversation with Bourque and reiterating his desire for an accommodation at the previously discussed locations near his home. On February 20, 2014, Bourque sent a letter to Plaintiff again explaining that Plaintiff was not qualified for any positions that met Plaintiffs desired criteria. Bourque noted that she had suggested that Plaintiff return to 316t Street or transfer to the fully handicap accessible Daley Center location.
Plaintiff filed a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission on April 28, 2014.
Defendants now move for summary judgment on the following bases: (1) Plaintiff failed to show a vacancy existed at the particular locations at which Plaintiff desired to work; (2) Defendants provided reasonable accommodations by granting Plaintiff a lengthy medical leave of absence and offering Plaintiff positions at South Campus or the Daley Center; (3) Defendant had no obligation under the ADA to provide an accommodation at the specifically requested locations closer to Plaintiffs home because Plaintiff did not need such an accommodation to perform the essential functions of his job; and (4) Plaintiffs medical leave of absence removed him from the class of qualified individuals as defined by the ADA.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Standard of Review
“Summary judgment is appropriate when ‘the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.’ ” Northfield Ins. Co. v. City of Waukegan. 701 F.3d 1124, 1128 (7th Cir. 2012) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a)); see also Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). “A genuine issue of material fact exists when the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” Wells v. Coker, 707 F.3d 756, 760 (7th Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “On summary judgment a court may not make credibility determinations, weigh the evidence, or decide which inferences to draw from the facts; these are
B. Plaintiffs ADA Claim
“Under the [ADA], 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq., an employer unlawfully discriminates against a ‘qualified individual with a disability1 when it fails to make ‘reasonable accommodations to the known physical or mental limitations’ of the disabled employee, unless to do so would impose an ‘undue hardship’ on the employer.” E.E.O.C. v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 417 F.3d 789, 792 (7th Cir. 2005) (citing 42 U.S.C. §§ 12112(a), (b)(5)(A)). Here, Plaintiff claims that Defendants failed to accommodate his need to drive a short distance to work, his walking distance restrictions, and his compromised limb usage.
C. Driving as a Major Life Activity
The Court first addresses Plaintiffs contention that his inability to drive long distances is a disability that Defendants must accommodate.
The Seventh Circuit, however, has explicitly held that “driving is not, in
Even if the ADA recognized driving as a major life activity in the context presented by this case, Plaintiff did not require a shorter drive to perform his job functions. Defendants correctly argue that Plaintiff dooms his argument with his own admissions. First, Plaintiffs official Cook County Sheriffs Office ADA Reasonable Accommodation Form explicitly, and exclusively, identified handicap accessibility as the accommodation needed to perform the essential functions of his job. See Defs Ex. B at 49. Moreover, Plaintiffs brief states that distance was not the dis-positive factor in his decision not to return to South Campus. See Pl.’s Mem. in Opp. at 12. Rather, Plaintiff took issue with South Campus’s lack of full handicap accessibility and maintains that he would have accepted a job at that location had Defendant offered to install automatic doors. See id. (“If [Defendants had offered to install automatic doors at South Campus], Plaintiff would have accepted that proposal.”) If handicap accessibility, not distance, provided the basis for Plaintiff rejecting South Campus, then Plaintiff cannot turn around and argue that he requires a shorter drive to perform his job. Because “the ADA does not require an employer to accommodate disabilities that have no bearing on an employee’s ability to perform the essential functions of [his] job, Brumfield v. City of Chicago, 735 F.3d 619, 633 (7th Cir. 2013), Defendant had no obligation to shorten Plaintiffs driving distance.
D. Reasonable Accommodations
Plaintiffs assertion that he is entitled to relief based on his need for a fully handicap accessible facility in order to accommodate his walking restrictions and exclusive reliance on his right limbs to balance himself fails on a different legal basis. While the ADA does recognize these restrictions as major life activities, Defendants offered reasonable accommodations to aid Plaintiffs restrictions. Defendants argue that they provided Plaintiff with reasonable accommodations by (1) granting Plaintiff a twenty-two month medical leave; and (2) offering to return Plaintiff to a position at South Campus or, alternatively, offering to reassign Plaintiff to the fully handicap accessible Daley Centex'. The Court agrees that Defendants satisfied their obligation to reasonably accommodate Plaintiffs disability by providing
“It is the employer’s prerogative to choose a reasonable accommodation; an employer is not required to provide the particular accommodation that an employee requests.” Sears, 417 F.3d at 802 (citing Jay v. Intermet Wagner, Inc., 233 F.3d 1014, 1017 (7th Cir. 2000)) (internal quotation omitted). Rather, “[t]he duty of reasonable accommodation is satisfied when the employer does what is necessary to enable the disabled worker to work in reasonable comfort.” Vande Zande v. State of Wis. Dep’t of Admin., 44 F.3d 538, 546 (7th Cir. 1995). Otherwise stated, the ADA obliges “an employer to make whatever accommodations are reasonably possible in the circumstances to perform the functions essential to the job.” Hoffman v. Caterpillar. Inc., 256 F.3d 568, 577 (7th Cir. 2001) (quoting Miranda v. Wis. Power & Light Co., 91 F.3d 1011, 1017 (7th Cir. 1996) (internal quotation omitted)).
1. Medical Leave
Defendants rely on Seventh Circuit precedent establishing that a medical leave of absence can qualify as a reasonable accommodation. In Basith v. Cook County, the plaintiff (“Basith”), a pharmacy technician, took medical leaves of ten months, one year, several weeks, and five weeks.
Here, the duration of Plaintiffs medical leave, like the leave of absence in Basith, covers “much of the timeframe at issue in the case.” 241 F.3d at 932. In particular, Plaintiff’s MS restricted to him to walking no more than 50 yards with a cane in
2. Workplace Accommodations
Having established that the ADA does not entitle Plaintiff to work at a location close to his home, the Court addresses Plaintiffs objections to the reasonableness of Defendants’ proposed workplace accommodations at South campus or the Daley Center. Plaintiff argues that the lack of handicap accessibility at, and not the distance to, the South Campus caused him to reject a return to the South Campus.
Second, Plaintiffs Cook County Sheriffs Office ADA Reasonable Accommodation Form specified a fully handicap accessible facility as the sole condition that Plaintiff “believe[d] [was] needed to enable [Plaintiff] to perform the essential functions of [his] job[.]” Def.’s Ex. B at 49. As discussed in the background facts, the parties agree that the Daley Center is fully handicap accessible. Accordingly, Defendants’ offer to accommodate Plaintiff at the Daley Center met the exact request Plaintiff set forth in his formal ADA reasonable request form that Plaintiff provided to Defendants.
Finally, Plaintiffs objection to the length of his drive to the Daley Center is in direct contravention of his February 4,
Defendants had no duty to provide a different accommodation that Plaintiff may have suggested or preferred, since the Daley Center accommodated Plaintiffs disability. See Sears, 417 F.3d at 802 (stating it is the employer’s prerogative to choose a reasonable accommodation and such accommodation need not be the particular accommodation the employee requests); Basith, 241 F.3d at 932 (county had no duty to provide different proposed accommodation where clean air room assignment accommodated plaintiffs disability); Gile v. United Airlines, 95 F.3d 492, 499 (7th Cir. 1996) (employer need only provide some reasonable accommodation and need not provide the requested or preferred accommodation); Bunn v. Khoury Enters., Inc., 753 F.3d 676, 683 (7th Cir. 2014) (where the employer provided a reasonable accommodation, the plaintiffs “apparent displeasure with the way in which [the employer] decided on that accommodation, or with its failure to provide the exact accommodation he would have preferred, [was] irrelevant”) (citation omitted).
III. CONCLUSION
Under the undisputed facts presented by this case, the ADA does not recognize driving as a major life activity. Defendants additionally met their obligation to reasonably accommodate Plaintiffs walking limitations and compromised usage of his limbs by providing medical leave and offering Plaintiff employment at a fully handicap accessible facility. As a result, the Court need not address the parties’ arguments regarding whether a vacancy existed at Plaintiffs preferred locations and Plaintiffs status as a qualified individual under the ADA. Nor does the Court reach Plaintiffs contention that Defendants failed to sufficiently engage in the interactive process because Defendants did not fail through the interactive process to determine actions necessary to provide a reasonable accommodation. See Rehling v. City of Chicago, 207 F.3d 1009, 1015-17 (7th Cir. 2000), amended (Apr. 4, 2000). Accordingly, for the reasons set forth
IT IS SO ORDERED.
. The accessibility statement linked on the Circuit Court of Cook County website confirms that all Circuit Court of Cook County court facilities are ADA compliant, http:// www.cookcountycourt.org/HOME/ Accessibility.aspx (last visited 11/10/16).
. This refers to the date of receipt by the EEOC Chicago District Office as stamped on the complaint.
. Because Plaintiff had to rely exclusively on his right arm and leg for balance, Plaintiff required a building "equipped with automatic doors that could be opened with the push of a button with him [sic] hip or shoulder.” PSAF at ¶ 5.
. The parties do not expressly address whether driving constitutes a major life activity. While a district court generally should not rely on grounds not raised by the nonmoving party in its decision, it may do so if the losing party is on notice that he must come forward with all of his evidence. Cloe v. City of Indianapolis, 712 F.3d 1171, 1182 (7th Cir. 2013) (overruled on other grounds) (citations omitted). Here, both parties make reference to the major life activity standard. Plaintiff specifically enumerates walking and standing, but not driving, Pl.'s Mem. in Opp. at 8, and Defendant alludes to the argument, but cloaks it in terms of the ability to perform the essential functions of the job. Def.s’ Mem of Law in Supp. of Mot. for Summ. J. at 11-12. As a result, Plaintiff had notice that he needed to establish that driving is a major life activity. This case therefore fits within the exception allowing the Court to enter summary judgment on an issue not explicitly argued.
. After about five weeks, Basith requested an assignment to a position involving data entry only rather than returning to work as a pharmacy technician. Id. at 926.
. Basith's constraints also included restrictions on bending, stooping, crouching, twisting, climbing, squatting, kneeling, lifting, carrying, pushing, and pulling. Id. at 924.
.This fact is inferred based upon the parking sticker requested by Basith, which showed that he could only walk a maximum of 200 feet. Id. at 925.
. Plaintiffs EEOC complaint lists March 26, 2014 as the latest date that discrimination took place, but also checks the continuing action box. Def.'s Ex. B at 49. It appears from the pleadings, however, that Plaintiff has remained on medical leave. See, e.g„ PRDSF at ¶ 15; Def.’s Ex. C, Bourque Decl at ¶ 5. Thus, to the extent the timeframe at issue in this case extends further, Plaintiff has still received the accommodation of medical leave during that additional time, so the analysis is unaffected.
. Plaintiff does refer to the distance to South Campus in his deposition, Def.’s Ex. A, PL’s Dep. Trans, at 72:17-22 (“Because the return to work at 30th and California, it wasn’t a handicap-accessible place besides the distance, the travel back and forth. If that was my only—if that was my only option, was to return back to 30th and California, I would have tried to make it and make it work.”); Id. at 82:14-20, Ex. 13 ("In addition to the lengthy travel distance ... [South Campus] is not a fully handicap accessible facility”).
. See also Pl.'s Mem. in Opp. at 12 ("If distance were the dipositive issue for [Plaintiff], then why did Plaintiff always mention the handicap accessibility of the location when discussing the South Campus. Plaintiff emphasized the handicap accessibility issue, as opposed to the distance issue ... If [Defendants had offered to install automatic doors at South Campus], Plaintiff would have accepted that proposal.”) (emphasis in original); Pl.'s Mem. in Opp. at 2-3, 6, 10, 12 (“All Defendant would have had to do is install automatic, push-button doors at the building’s side entrance and in one of the building’s bathrooms and Plaintiff could have been accommodated”; due to inability to walk more than 50 yards and exclusive reliance on right limbs, Plaintiff required automatic doors).
. According to Google Maps, the drive from Oak Forest, Plaintiff’s hometown, is essentially the same distance to the South Campus as to the Daley Center. Google Maps estimates the drive from Oak Forest to the Daley Center to be 25.2 miles and 39 minutes. The drive from Oak Forest to South Campus is 26,5 miles and 33 minutes. Both routes involve the same major highway, 1-57.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Danny ROMEO v. Thomas DART
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published