McDaniel v. Loyola University Medical Center
McDaniel v. Loyola University Medical Center
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court on Plaintiffs motion [183] for leave to file a second amended complaint (“SAC”). Defendants oppose the motion, For the following reasons, Plaintiffs motion [183] is granted.
I. Background
Plaintiff Mark McDaniel, M.D. (“Plaintiff’) commenced this suit on September 11, 2013 to seek redress for his alleged wrongful termination from Loyola University Medical Center’s (“Loyola Medical”) five-year Ortho-paedic Residency Program during his fifth year in the program. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants’ actions violate the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (“USERRA”) and Plaintiffs employment contract. Plaintiff also alleges that Defendants created a hostile work environment and interfered with his ability to obtain another residency position and a post-resident fellowship position by falsely claiming that he was unprofessional and aggressive in the workplace, especially toward women.
On October 30, 2013, Plaintiff filed an eight-count amended complaint [30],
On November 24, 2015 — while the period for oral fact discovery and expert discovery remained open — Plaintiff filed a motion [183] for leave to file his SAC. The SAC proposes four additions to the amended complaint.
First, Plaintiff seeks to add a new party, Loyola University Health System (“LUHS”), as a defendant in Counts One (USERRA retaliation), Two (USERRA hostile work environment), and Four (breach of employment contract based on violations of Loyola Medical’s resident handbook (the “Resident Handbook”)). Until July 2011, LU was the sole corporate member of LUHS and LUHS was the sole corporate member of Loyola Medical.
Second, Plaintiff seeks to add allegations concerning Defendants’ communications to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (“ACGME”), which Plaintiff alleges substantiate his claims for defamation and tortious interference. See [183] at 2, 21-22.
Third, Plaintiff adds additional factual allegations to his defamation claim against Defendant Light. See [183] at 51-53. Light stated in his September 27, 2011 meeting notes that the ACGME gave a citation to Loyola Medical due to Plaintiffs actions. On information and belief, Plaintiff alleges that Light made the same statement to the panel at Plaintiffs probation hearing and to administrators of other residency programs. As a result of Light’s statements, Plaintiff claims that he could not find another medical residency.
Fourth, Defendant adds a new claim for defamation against Hopkinson. [107] at 49 (Count Nine). According to Plaintiff, Hopkin-son knowingly wrote false information, including in Plaintiffs final evaluation, concerning the number of procedures that Plaintiff
II. Legal Standard
A motion for leave to file an amended complaint should “freely” be granted “where justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). “This liberal policy of granting amendments is based in part on the belief that decisions on the merits should be made whenever possible, absent countervailing considerations.” Olech v. Vill. of Willowbrook, 138 F.Supp.2d 1036, 1040 (N.D.Ill. 2000) (citation omitted). There is “[g]ood cause” to file an amended complaint “when it is reasonable that new claims are only recognized after filing an initial complaint.” Luckett v. Conlan, 561 F.Supp.2d 970, 976 (N.D.Ill. 2008). Leave to amend should be freely given “ ‘[i]n the absence of any apparent or declared reason — such as undue delay, bad faith or dilatory motive on the part of the movant, repeated failure to cure deficiencies by amendments previously allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue of the allowance of the amendment, [or] futility of amendment.’ ” Barry Aviation, Inc. v. Land O’Lakes Mun. Airport Comm’n, 377 F.3d 682, 687 (7th Cir. 2004) (quoting Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 83 S.Ct. 227, 9 L.Ed.2d 222 (1962)). Ultimately, “ ‘[t]he decision to grant or deny a motion to file an amended pleading is a matter purely within the sound discretion of the district court.’ ” Soltys v. Costello, 520 F.3d 737, 743 (7th Cir. 2008) (quoting Brunt v. Serv. Employees Int’l Union, 284 F.3d 715, 720 (7th Cir. 2002)).
III. Analysis
A. Undue Delay and Prejudice
Defendants argue that Plaintiff unduly delayed filing his SAC. According to Defendants, Plaintiff had the information on which his proposed amendment is based long before he sought leave to amend. Specifically, Defendants argue that Plaintiff could have added LUHS as a defendant six months earlier than he did, because that is when Defendants produced the Affiliation Agreements from which Plaintiffs claims against LUHS arise. Defendants also argue that Plaintiff could have amended his complaint earlier to add the allegation that Hopkinson wrote false information in his final evaluation and about the number of procedures he performed, pointing to the fact that they produced Plaintiffs final evaluation and “Resident Data Sheet” on May 15, 2015. Defendants further argue that it is too late for Plaintiff to add the allegation that Light told others that Plaintiff had been on probation his entire fourth year, because that allegation “appears” to be based solely on an email that Dr. Parsons sent to Plaintiff on March 29, 2013. [192] at 6. According to Defendants, they have been prejudiced by Plaintiffs undue delay because they want to perform written discovery to “pin down the factual basis” for Plaintiffs new allegations, but written fact discovery has closed. Plaintiff responds that he should be allowed to amend because LUHS is a related corporate entity to those already in the suit and the new allegations against Hopldnson and Light are based on documents and information obtained during discovery, after the amended complaint and initial disclosures were served.
“Delay on its own is usually not reason enough for a court to deny a motion to amend.” Soltys, 520 F.3d at 743; see also Dubicz v. Commonwealth Edison Co., 377 F.3d 787, 792 (7th Cir. 2004) (“Delay, standing
Exercising the considerable discretion conferred under the standards articulated above, the Court concludes that Plaintiff has not engaged in undue delay and that Defendants will not suffer undue prejudice if the SAC is accepted for filing. Plaintiffs alleged six-month delay following Defendants’ production of the relevant underlying documents concerning (1) LUHS’s Affiliation Agreements and (2) Hopkinson’s alleged provision of false information in his final evaluation and about the number of procedures he performed was not unduly long. It takes some time for parties to review and analyze the documents that they receive in discovery— and Defendants acknowledge that they have produced more than 32,000 documents ([192] at 3). Courts in this Circuit have allowed amendment following longer delays. See King, 26 F.3d at 723-24 (district court did not abuse its discretion in prisoner’s § 1983 action by granting defendants’ motion to file an amended answer three years after filing their original answer, where the original answer contained inadvertent admissions that defendants did not notice until plaintiff moved for judgment on the pleadings and amendment was not prejudicial to plaintiff). Cf. Dubicz, 377 F.3d 787, 792-93 (7th Cir. 2004) (district court abused its discretion by denying, on grounds of undue delay and prejudice, leave to file second amended complaint eight months after original complaint was dismissed without prejudice, where plaintiffs were still within statute of limitations for bringing action, case had never progressed beyond pleading stage, and reasons given for finding of prejudice, i.e. witnesses’ fading memories and lost documents, were peiiune-tory).
The cases on which Defendants rely for the proposition that Plaintiff has engaged in undue delay (see [192] at 6-7) involved longer delays than Plaintiffs, as well as plaintiffs who sought to add allegations that they admittedly knew even prior to filing suit. See Aleshire v. Harris, N.A., 586 Fed.Appx. 668, 672 (7th Cir. 2013) (district court did not abuse its discretion in denying plaintiff leave to file a third amended complaint over two years after case was commenced, where the facts underlying the proposed new claims were known at the time the original complaint was filed, the motion for leave to file an amended complaint was filed more than two years after the action was commenced, and defendant had already borne the burden of filing three motions to dismiss); Hukic v. Aurora Loan Servs., 588 F.3d 420, 432 (7th Cir. 2009) (district court did not abuse its discretion in denying plaintiff leave to file a second amended complaint due to alleged discovery of other lawsuits against one of the defendants, where information about those lawsuits was publicly available “long before he sought leave to amend” and the principal lawsuit on which plaintiff relied had been pending for four years before plaintiff filed his suit).
As to the remaining new allegation in the proposed SAC — that Light told Dr. Parsons that Plaintiff had been on probation for the entirety of his third year and intentionally harmed his chances of getting a replacement residency at another hospital — the Court is not convinced that Plaintiff could and should have made this allegation earlier. Defendants assert that this allegation is based solely on an email that Plaintiff received from Dr. Parsons on March 29, 2013. See [192] at 6. However, in the email Dr. Parsons refers to “a probation that started in your 4th year,” but he does not specify that Light (as op
The Court recognizes Defendants’ concern that they be allowed to take discovery aimed at Plaintiffs new allegations, including: (1) written discovery to “pin down the factual basis for Plaintiffs allegation that Dr. Light purportedly told Dr. Parsons that Plaintiff had been on probation for the entirety of his fourth year”; (2) discovery on this issue of what residency programs purportedly looked at or became aware of Dr. Hopkinson’s allegedly false statements to ACGME and the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery; and (3) discovery on Plaintiffs claim that Dr. Hopkinson’s • alleged defamatory statement resulted in the loss of his residency. These are narrow discovery topics that should not greatly impact the progress of this case— especially given that the schedule for expert discovery recently was extended until the end of October by agreement of the parties [see 230] and a trial date has not been set. The parties should confer and propose to Magistrate Judge Mason a schedule for reopening fact discovery to permit appropriate additional discovery on the SAC’s new allegations.
B. Futility
Defendants also argue that the Court should deny Plaintiffs motion to amend on futility grounds. Courts “may refuse to entertain a proposed amendment on futility grounds when the new pleading would not survive a motion to dismiss.” Gandhi v. Sitara Capital Management, LLC, 721 F.3d 866, 869 (7th Cir. 2013). See also Bower v. Jones, 978 F.2d 1004, 1008 (7th Cir. 1992) (“[A]n amendment may be futile when it fails to state a valid theory of liability or could not withstand a motion to dismiss.”).
The Court cannot determine based on the record before it that amendment would be futile, for either reason urged by Defendants. First, Defendants argue that the proposed addition of LUHS as a party is futile because Counts One (Violation of USERRA-Retaliation), Two (Violation of USERRA-Hostile Work Environment) and Four (Breach of Contract) of the proposed SAC fail to allege facts sufficient to show that LUHS was Plaintiffs employer under USERRA or that LUHS and Plaintiff had any type of contractual relationship. Defendants quote two provisions of the 2011 Affiliation Agreement as proof that Loyola Medical (Plaintiffs employer) and LUHS did not have “any cross-supervisory or cross-management obligations” such that LUHS could have any responsibilities as Plaintiffs employer. See [192] at 9 (quoting section 2.2.3) (“Residents and clinical fellows shall be the employees of LUMC”; and section 2.7.1 (“each Party shall supervise its own employees and shall be responsible for the compensation, benefits, * * * human resource policies, and the terms of conditions of employment of its own employees”)). While this language does suggest that Loyola Medical was Plaintiffs employer, Defendants have not demonstrated that, as a matter of law, this language necessarily prohibits LUHS from also being considered Plaintiffs employer for any purpose. Cf. Palda v. Gen. Dynamics Corp., 47 F.3d 872, 876 (7th Cir. 1995) (dismissal of breach of contract claim justified and appropriate only where contract “shows unambiguously on its face that the relief prayed for is not merited”). As Plaintiff points out, USER-RA’s definition of “employer” is broad enough to allow the possibility that Plaintiff has multiple employers, including LUHS.
III. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiffs motion [183] for leave to file the SAC is granted.
. For a detailed summary of Plaintiff's amended complaint, see the Court’s order [81] granting in part and denying in part Defendants' motion to dismiss the amended complaint. McDaniel v. Loyola Univ. Med. Ctr., 2014 WL 4269126, at *1 (N.D.Ill. Aug. 28, 2014).
. The Court assumes all well-pled facts set forth in the SAC are true for purposes of assessing Plaintiff’s motion for leave to amend.
. In July 2011, Trinity acquired LUHS and Loyola Medical.
. ACGME is a professional organization responsible for the accreditation of residency education programs. [183] at 11, ACGME accreditation is required in order for programs to receive graduate medical education funds from the federal Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS"). Residents must graduate from ACGME-accredited programs to be eligible to take their board certification examinations. In addition, many states require completion of an ACGME-accredited residency program for physician licensure. Id. Loyola Medical’s residency programs are accredited by the ACGME and therefore are required to follow ACGME policies and regulations, including work hour requirements, case log requirements, and overseeing the health and welfare of residents and patients.
. 20C.F.R. § 1002.37 provides:
Can one employee be employed in one job by more than one employer?
Yes. Under USERRA, an employer includes not only the person or entity that pays an employee's salary or wages, but also includes a person or entity that has control over his or her employment opportunities, including a person or entity to whom an employer has delegated the performance of employment-related responsibilities. For example, if the employee is a security guard hired by a security company and he or she is assigned to a work site, the employee may report both to the security company and to the site owner. In such an instance, both employers share responsibility for compliance with USERRA. If the security company declines to assign the employee to a job because of a uniformed service obligation (for example, National Guard duties), then the security company could be in violation of the reemployment requirements and the anti-discrimination pro*79 visions of USERRA. Similarly, if the employer at the work site causes the employee's removal from the job position because of his or her uniformed service obligations, then the work site employer could be in violation of the reemployment requirements and the anti-discrimination provisions of USERRA.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Mark D. MCDANIEL, M.D. v. LOYOLA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER, Trinity Health Corporation, Loyola University Chicago, Loyola University Health System, William Hopkinson, M.D., Terry Light, M.D., William Cannon, M.D., Dane Salazar, M.D., and Alexander Ghanayem, M.D.
- Cited By
- 14 cases
- Status
- Published