Guzman v. United States
Guzman v. United States
Opinion of the Court
Petitioner Hernando Estevens Montoya Guzman was charged by indictment with conspiring to import a kilo or more of heroin into the United States from Columbia (Count One), and with distributing that heroin in the New York City area (Count Two). Guzman pleaded guilty to Count Two, and was sentenced to 151 months' imprisonment.
Before the Court is Guzman's pro se petition to correct, vacate, or set aside his sentence, pursuant to
Guzman's arguments are without merit-there is no need for a hearing.
Legal Standards
Section 2255 Motions
Under Section 2255 of Title 28, United States Code, a federal prisoner may move the sentencing court to vacate, set aside, or correct the sentence on the ground that such sentence was illegally imposed.
Ineffective Assistance
To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must both (1) show that his counsel's representation "fell below an objective standard of reasonableness" under "prevailing professional norms" and overcome a "strong presumption" that his counsel's conduct was reasonable, and (2) "affirmatively prove prejudice" by showing that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the outcome of the proceeding would have been different. Strickland v. Washington ,
Under the first prong of the Strickland analysis, the reviewing court " 'must indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance,' bearing in mind that 'there are countless ways to provide effective assistance in any given case' and that 'even the best criminal defense attorneys would not defend a particular client in the same way.' " United States v. Aguirre ,
To prove the second Strickland prong - prejudice from inadequate representation - where the movant asserts that his attorney's deficient performance induced him to enter the plea agreement and plead guilty, the movant must show that "there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial." Hill v. Lockhart ,
Guzman's Ineffective Assistance Claims
"Bath Salts?"
Guzman appears to argue that his counsel should have challenged the Indictment based on the Government's purported failure to prove the type of drug involved in the conspiracy-arguing (I believe) that the Government failed in this regard because it did not prove that the substance distributed was not actually "bath salts" or some other substance rather than heroin. Interspersed within this same argument, petitioner claims that the Government also failed to prove that he possessed the "mens rea" required to be guilty of the charged crime. Def. Pet. 5-6.
While Guzman's arguments in the instant petition are muddled and hard to discern, the statements he made during his guilty plea proceeding are crystal clear and unambiguous: "From approximately April 2013 up to approximately January of 2015, I made an agreement to possess, with the intent to distribute, and in fact, I did distribute one kilogram of heroin. At the time that I trafficked in heroin, I knew it was illegal to do so." Plea Transcript, Docket 43 at 17. When asked whether he understood that he had a "right to plead not guilty to the charges in the Indictment," Guzman responded, "Oh, no, I am guilty, I do understand." Id. at 8. Guzman acknowledged that he distributed heroin (not some other substance), and that he knew distributing heroin was illegal. Accordingly, his arguments about "bath salts," and that the Government failed to prove that he possessed the requisite mens rea are meritless.
Guzman's Guidelines/Right to be Present Arguments
Once again conflating two disparate arguments into one, Guzman claims that his counsel was ineffective because he "did not challeng[e] the 2-level enhancement *400§ 3B1.1(c)" and "did not advise" the petitioner concerning being "physical[y] present in all stage[s]." Def. Pet. 11. As to the Sentencing Guidelines' two-point enhancement for Guzman's role as a leader, manager, or supervisor in the charged conspiracy-which was applied pursuant to a signed plea agreement-Guzman raises no viable reason why counsel could or should have contested its applicability, At his plea proceeding, Guzman acknowledged that he read and signed his plea agreement; that the agreement was translated into Spanish for him; that his counsel explained all of its terms; and that he understood that the plea agreement contained "an analysis" of the applicable sentencing guidelines, which yielded a "sentencing range in your case [of] 135 to 168 months." Plea Transcript, Docket 43 at 14. Petitioner also acknowledged that he was satisfied with his attorney's representation and that he had a "full opportunity" to discuss the case and the "consequences of pleading guilty" with his lawyer." Id. at 5. Accordingly, there is nothing in the record, or in the instant petition, to suggest that counsel was deficient or objectively unreasonable in failing to object to the applicability of this or any other Guidelines enhancement.
As to the Guzman's vague assertions regarding a failure to provide advice concerning being "physical[ly] present at all stages," these claims are baseless-Guzman was present at all court appearances in his case.
Guzman's Role in the Offense
Guzman's claim that counsel was ineffective for not challenging his "role" in the conspiracy is as baseless as his argument concerning the applicable two-point Guidelines enhancement pursuant to U.S.S.G. Section 3B1.1 (c). Guzman does not identify any cognizable basis that would have supported such a challenge, other than to assert broadly and without explanation that counsel "had in his possession documents that the Movant was not even § 3B1.1(c) Leader," which Guzman then describes as "documents that verified the Government never prove or specified what substance Contain Metham- [sic] may be SALT BATH, or other controlled substances such as Methamphetamine, Coca Base or Other Drug of Controlled Substance Schedules II." Such vague, incomprehensible, and incredible assertions do not suffice to allege ineffective assistance of counsel.
Drug Quantity
Guzman argues that counsel was ineffective in failing to challenge the Government's "finding of drug quantities" and/or its purported use of the phrase "approximately" in regard to drug quantities in the PSR. Def. Pet. 14. Guzman does not explain how the Government's allegations concerning drug quantity were flawed or how any such flaws affected the PSR. Nor does he identify where the Government purportedly used the phrase "approximately" to describe drug quantities. Guzman never objected to the relevant drug quantities at his plea, to the Probation Office during the preparation of the Presentence Report, or at his sentencing proceeding. Moreover, as noted above, Guzman stated during his plea that he was satisfied with the representation of his lawyer. His sudden assertions to the contrary lack credibility.
Failure to Demonstrate Prejudice
Even assuming arguendo that counsel's performance was deficient, Guzman cannot demonstrate prejudice, because he cannot show that the outcome in his case would have been different but for the purportedly incompetent advice he received. Nowhere in the petition does Guzman declare that he "would have insisted on going to trial" but for his counsel's alleged errors. See *401Hill ,
Conclusion
Petitioner's motion to vacate or set aside his conviction and sentence is denied.
The Court declines to issue a certificate of appealability because there has been no "substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right." 28 U.S.C. Section 2253(c)(2) ; see United States v. Perez ,
This constitutes the order of the Court.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Hernando Estevens Montoya GUZMAN v. United States
- Cited By
- 4 cases
- Status
- Published