Ross v. State
Ross v. State
Opinion of the Court
OPINION
Jeffery S. Ross ("Ross") was charged with murder in St. Joseph Superior Court, pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-42-1-1(1).
Facts and Procedural History
On February 7, 2003, Ross entered a Burger King restaurant in South Bend as
On February 10, 2003, the State charged Ross with murder pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-42-1-1(1). Appellant's App. p. 7. On September 26, 2008, Ross pled guilty to murder in exchange for a plea agreement that called for a maximum sentence of fifty-five years. Appellant's App. pp. 29-81. Under the terms of the plea agreement, the State made no recommendation as to Ross's sentencing. Id. On November 5, 2008, the court sentenced Ross to a term of fifty-five years. Appellant's App. p. 6; Tr. p. 57. |
In sentencing Ross, the court observed that the particular crime was a result of circumstances unlikely to recur, due to Woods's death. The court found as aggravating factors Ross's minimal eriminal history, including a battery conviction, the nature and circumstances of the offense, and an indication, although minimal, of a propensity for violence, noting his failure to complete MAP counseling. Tr. pp. 54-55. The court weighed the aggravators and mitigators and chose not to mitigate Ross's sentence below the presumptive term of fifty-five years.
Standard of Review
Sentencing decisions rest within the discretion of the trial court and are reviewed on appeal only for an abuse of discretion. Buchanan v. State, 767 N.E.2d 967, 970 (Ind. 2002). An abuse of discretion occurs if the trial court's decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it or if the trial court has misinterpreted the law. State v. Willits, 773 N.E.2d 808, 811 (Ind. 2002). Furthermore, an "error involving an abuse of discretion does not require reversal unless it affects the substantial rights of a party or is inconsistent with substantial justice." Marshall v. State, 832 N.E.2d 615, 624 (Ind.Ct.App. 2005) (citing Carpenter v. State, 786 N.E.2d 696, 704 (Ind. 2003)); Ind. Trial Rule 61 (2005).
Discussion and Decision
Ross asserts that he was improperly sentenced to fifty-five years imprisonment. Specifically, he maintains that the trial court improperly considered the aggravating and mitigating circumstances.
I. Plea Agreement
As an initial matter, we address Ross's plea agreement with the State. Indiana courts "have long held that plea agreements are in the nature of contracts entered into between the defendant and the State." Lee v. State, 816 N.E.2d 35, 38 (Ind. 2004); see also Brewer v. State, 830
While it is true that Ross was given the maximum sentence under the plea agreement, his fifty-five year sentence is merely the presumptive sentence set by the General Assembly for crimes committed pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-50-2-8. As his sentence was still within the purview of the plea agreement, Ross may not now complain. "[When a defendant is sentenced in accordance with a plea agreement, he has implicitly agreed that his sentence is appropriate." Bennett v. State, 813 N.E.2d 335, 338 (Ind.Ct.App. 2004) (citing Gist v. State, 804 N.E.2d 1204, 1207 (Ind.Ct.App. 2004)). "Moreover, when no term is specified in the plea bargain recommendation, sentencing falls within the ambit of the trial court's discretion upon acceptance of the agreement." Id. (citing State ex rel. Goldsmith v. Marion County Superior Court, Criminal Division No. 1, 275 Ind. 545, 552, 419 N.E.2d 109, 114 (1981)).
II. Aggravators and Mitigators
Ross further argues that the trial court abused its discretion by giving improper consideration to aggravating and mitigating cireumstances. Specifically, Ross contends the court improperly considered the nature and cireumstances of the crime as an Additionally, Ross. argues that the court failed to make any findings regarding the following miti-gators offered in his sentencing memorandum: 1) substantial grounds tending to excuse or justify the crime; 2) undue hardship to Ross and his dependents as a result of imprisonment; 3) Ross's guilty plea; and 4) Ross's voluntary surrender to police. See Br. of Appellant, p. 9.
The trial judge is responsible for determining the appropriate weight of aggravating and mitigating factors in sentencing. Wingett v. State, 640 N.E.2d 372, 373 (Ind. 1994). A sentence may be enhanced by a single aggravating circum-stance. Haddock v. State, 800 N.E.2d 242, 245 (Ind.Ct.App. 2003). Trial courts have discretion to determine both the existence and the weight of a significant mitigating circumstance. Jones v. State, 705 N.E.2d 452, 454 (Ind. 1999). "A trial court must include mitigators in its sentencing statement only if they are used to offset aggra-vators or to reduce the presumptive sentence, and only those mitigators found to be 'significant' must be enumerated." Allen v. State, 722 N.E.2d 1246, 1252 (Ind.Ct.App. 2000) (citing Battles v. State, 688 N.E.2d 1230, 1236 (Ind. 1997)). Furthermore, a trial court is "not required to find the presence of mitigating factors" or to give those factors the same weight as does the defendant, Fugate v. State, 608 N.E.2d, 1370, 1374 (Ind. 1993). Moreover, the trial court "is not obligated to explain why it has found that the factor does not exist." Id.
Regarding aggravators, the trial court found Ross's prior criminal history and minimal propensity for violence to be minimally aggravating. The court also determined that the "facts and cireumstances of this offense" qualified as an aggravator. Tr. pp. 54-56. Ross fired several shots inside the restaurant, and Woods was shot multiple times, including a fatal bullet in
The record reveals that the trial court also considered mitigating cireumstances. During Ross's sentencing hearing, the trial court expressly stated, "[TThe first thing, I do want to make a point that I have read your sentencing memorandum. And I've taken into account ... as best I can the mitigating circumstances that you make reference to, Counsel." Tr. p. 58. Upon weighing the mitigators against the aggra-vators, Ross was sentenced to the presumptive 55-year term of imprisonment pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-50-2-3(a). The court noted that the crime was unlikely to reeur, but downplayed the significance of this as a mitigating circumstance because it involved a long-time feud between Ross and Woods, culminating in Woods's death. Furthermore, the court observed that there were no facts tending to justify the offense, contrary to Ross's assertion. Thus, neither was considered a significant mitigator.
Regarding his guilty plea, Ross argues that the trial court gave insufficient weight to the fact that he pled guilty. It is true that a guilty plea saves court time and alleviates the need for victims to appear and testify. Sensback v. State, 720 N.E.2d 1160, 1165 (Ind. 1999). In fact, where the State reaps such benefits from a guilty plea, "the defendant deserves to have a substantial benefit returned." Id. Here, Ross received a substantial benefit in return for pleading guilty; his possible punishment was limited to the presumptive term of 55 years as opposed to the maximum 65 years allowed by Indiana Code section 35-50-2-3(a). Finding none of Ross's proposed mitigators to be significant, the trial court was not required to include specific mitigators in its sentencing statement. See Allen, 722 N.E.2d at 1252.
The trial court found three aggravating factors and weighed those against potential mitigators. Under these facts and circumstances, we find nothing in the record that establishes that the court abused its discretion in imposing the plea agreement's maximum term of 55 years for Ross's murder conviction.
Affirmed.
. Indiana Code section 35-42-1-1 provides, in pertinent part, "A person who: (1) knowingly or intentionally kills another human being ... commits murder, a felony." Ind.Code § 35-42-1-1(1) (2004).
. Indiana Code section 35-50-2-3 states, in pertinent part: "(a) A person who commits murder shall be imprisoned for a fixed term of fifty-five (55) years, with not more than ten (10) years added for aggravating circumstances or not more than ten (10) years subtracted for mitigating circumstances ...." Ind.Code § 35-50-2-3(a) (2004).
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.