Castagna v. Newmar Corp.
Castagna v. Newmar Corp.
Opinion of the Court
JON E. DEGUILIO, Judge *731Daniel Castagna bought a recreational vehicle manufactured by Newmar Corporation. Though the vehicle came with a written warranty, Mr. Castagna had a hard time finding appointments to repair the many problems he encountered, and the vehicle spent multiple months out of service for repairs in just the first year. Finally, just over a year after he purchased the vehicle, it experienced a fire involving the power inverter, causing smoke and fire damage. Mr. Castagna alleges that the vehicle is now unusable. He thus sued Newmar, alleging breaches of express and implied warranties and a claim under Indiana's Deceptive Consumer Sales Act. In turn, Newmar asserted a claim against Magnum Energy, Inc., which manufactured the inverter, seeking indemnification for any damages it may owe to Mr. Castagna if the inverter is found to have caused the fire.
Newmar has now filed a partial motion for summary judgment, and Magnum moved for summary judgment on the indemnification claim. They each seek judgment as to any claim arising out of the fire, arguing that there is no evidence that the inverter caused the fire and that the fire occurred after the implied warranty expired. Newmar also seeks summary judgment on Mr. Castagna's claim under the Deceptive Consumer Sales Act, and on some of remedies he seeks. For the following reasons, the Court denies the motions as to the implied warranty. However, the Court grants Newmar's motion as to the Deceptive Consumer Sales Act claim. The Court also grants Newmar's motion as to Mr. Castagna's request for rescission, but denies it as to his request for consequential damages.
I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Daniel Castagna grew up working in his father's RV dealership, and now owns an online marketing company. In 2013, he and his wife decided that they wanted to buy an RV, so Mr. Castagna began exploring the options available from different manufacturers. He called Newmar's national sales manager, whom he spoke to on six or seven occasions. According to Mr. Castagna, that individual told him that Newmar "had an extremely high quality product," that "they stood behind the product," and that their service was "a step above." Mr. Castagna ultimately decided to purchase a 2014 Mountain Aire model manufactured by Newmar. He purchased the vehicle on July 3, 2013, from North Trail RV, for a total price of $393,255.37.
The vehicle came with a twelve-month limited warranty from Newmar. Under the warranty, Newmar agreed to repair any manufacturing defects that arose within twelve months of the date of purchase. To obtain service, the warranty required a buyer to contact the original dealer or Newmar's customer service department in order to schedule an appointment at a service center. However, the warranty stated that Newmar will not be responsible for any incidental or consequential damages, such as for loss of use of the vehicle, loss of time, or travel expenses. The warranty also stated that the implied warranty of merchantability was limited to a period of twelve months from the date of purchase. Mr. Castagna was aware when he purchased the vehicle that it came with a warranty, and he signed a warranty registration form at the time of the purchase. However, he denies having received the warranty itself or being aware of the limitations at the time of his purchase.
*732Mr. Castagna alleges that he began experiencing problems with the vehicle immediately after the purchase. In fact, it was in the shop for the first time the very next day. Mr. Castagna states that the vehicle was in the shop for a laundry list of repairs at least thirteen times over the first year, spanning 145 days (though a portion of that time appears to have been due to a collision in which the vehicle was involved). Over that time, Mr. Castagna drove the vehicle from Florida, then up to Indiana, then to southern California and the southeast, and then to northern California. There, the vehicle was parked for some time at a home at which Mr. Castagna's son was staying in Covelo, California.
On August 5, 2014, as Mr. Castagna's son was returning home from dinner, he saw smoke coming out of the vehicle. He and his friend disconnected the vehicle from shore power and looked inside the vehicle and in its basement compartments to see if they could find a fire, but did not find one. However, the basement compartments had suffered smoke and fire damage. Sometime later, the vehicle was towed away from the site. In order to tow the vehicle, the tow truck driver had to repair the vehicle's air lines in order to release its brakes. To do so, he had to clear out debris from inside the basement compartments, but those contents were not preserved.
Over the ensuing months, the vehicle was inspected on a number of occasions by representatives of Mr. Castagna, Newmar, and an insurance company. In the course of those inspections, they determined that the fire involved the vehicle's power inverter, which was manufactured by Magnum Energy. An inverter is a device that converts direct current from batteries into alternating current for use in appliances in the vehicle like microwaves. If the vehicle is plugged into external power, the inverter can also convert alternating current to direct current to charge the vehicle's batteries.
The parties have each retained experts to determine the fire's cause. The experts appear to agree that the inverter suffered a failure, but disagree as to the cause. Magnum's expert opined that a fire of unknown origin began in the vehicle's basement. He believes that the fire then caused a fault in electrical lines outside of the inverter, sending 120-volt alternating current into the 12-volt direct current lines, which then traveled to the inverter and caused it to fail. He concluded that the inverter performed as intended, and was a victim of the fire, not its cause. Newmar's expert reached a similar conclusion.
Mr. Castagna retained three experts who each disagree with those conclusions.
*733Mr. Castagna alleges that the fire and the vehicle's other defects have rendered it unusable. He thus filed this action against Newmar asserting claims for breach of express and implied warranties. He raises each of those theories under state law and the federal Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act. He also asserts a claim under Indiana's Deceptive Consumer Sales Act. Newmar then asserted a claim for indemnification against Magnum, to the extent it may be held liable to Mr. Castagna due to a fault with the inverter.
II. PRELIMINARY MOTIONS
Before addressing the substance of the motions for summary judgment, there are a number of preliminary matters to discuss. First, Newmar filed a motion to strike various materials Mr. Castagna submitted in response to summary judgment. The argument portion of Newmar's motion is so conclusory that it often forgoes even using grammar. [E.g. , DE 117 p. 4 ("¶ 6, violates FRE 801 - 802, statement 'fixed as promises [sic ] indicates hearsay"); ("¶'s 14, 15 & 16 violates [sic ] FRE 701, not helpful. Plaintiff just choosing sides.") ]. Newmar seeks to strike a total ten expert reports and affidavits with the following argument: "(a) Violates FRE 403 and 801 - 802. (2) Expert reports under FRCP26 [sic ] are not independently admissible. (c) Reports prepared with an eye toward litigation are not admissible. (d) Reports rely on hearsay and allowance would be creating a hearsay conduit." [DE 117 p. 3 (case citations omitted) ]. Those might be appropriate as subheadings to introduce developed arguments, but here they constitute the entirety of Newmar's argument as to these extensive materials. The Court thus finds that Newmar's objections are waived as undeveloped.
In addition, to the extent the Court can discern Newmar's arguments from its terse discussion, those arguments are meritless. For example, while expert reports generally cannot be admitted into evidence at trial, that does not mean they cannot be used at summary judgment, which is by definition resolved on a paper record instead of through live testimony. Though the reports themselves were not authenticated with sworn declarations, there is no reason to believe the experts here will not testify consistent with their written reports at trial. Rule 56(c)(2) allows a party to object that the material cited "cannot be presented in a form that would be admissible in evidence," Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(2) (emphasis added), but the content of the reports can be presented in admissible form at trial-through the experts' testimony-so the reports need not be stricken on that basis. Newmar also objects that the reports were prepared with an eye toward litigation, but that is inherently the case for retained experts; that does not make their opinions inadmissible. Newmar also raises Rule 403, which is a puzzling objection at summary judgment. If a fact is necessary to the outcome of the motion, then its probative value could not be substantially exceeded by any danger of prejudice, so the evidence could not be stricken on that basis. And if the fact is not necessary to the outcome of the motion, then it need not be stricken anyway. In addition, concerns about unfairly prejudicing a party in the eyes of the jury or presenting *734cumulative evidence are not applicable at summary judgment, which tests the sufficiency of the evidence. Newmar has thus not adequately presented any argument that warrants striking these materials.
Newmar also moves to strike various paragraphs of Mr. Castagna's affidavit with similarly succinct objections. It repeatedly objects on hearsay grounds to Mr. Castagna explaining what Newmar's employees told him, but statements by a party-opponent are not hearsay. Newmar's other objections are either undeveloped or inapplicable, or address matters that are not material to the resolution of the motion. Therefore, Newmar's motion to strike is denied.
Next, Magnum filed two motions to strike testimony by Mr. Layson, one of Mr. Castagna's retained experts, on the basis that the opinions were not timely disclosed under Rule 26. Mr. Layson issued a written report as required, but Magnum argues that, during his deposition, Mr. Layson offered opinions beyond the scope of his report. Magnum thus moves to strike those opinions. It also argues that Mr. Layson offered another new opinion in response to its motion to strike, so it filed a separate motion to strike that opinion.
The Court denies these motions to strike. First, none of the opinions in question are necessary to the outcome of the motion for summary judgment. Second, even assuming these are new opinions that were not timely disclosed, Magnum has not shown that they should be stricken. Under Rule 37(c)(1), a party cannot use evidence that was not timely disclosed as required under Rule 26, "unless the failure was substantially justified or harmless." Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(c)(1) ; David v. Caterpillar, Inc. ,
A party might argue that a late disclosure of expert opinions prevented the party from conducting follow-up discovery into those opinions or having their own expert respond to those opinions, but Magnum does not do so. In fact, its own expert did not address or respond to any of the opinions in Mr. Layson's written report, so there is no reason to believe he would have addressed or responded to any of these "new" opinions if given the chance. In addition, even if the opinions at issue are new, they each relate to and arise out of matters that Mr. Layson did discuss and opine on in his initial report.
*735Finally, the Court notes that Mr. Castagna filed his entire response brief and supporting materials [DE 104] under seal, without ever filing a motion for leave to file the documents under seal. That is unacceptable. If information in a filing meets the high standard for keeping an item in the public record under seal, see Baxter Int'l, Inc. v. Abbott Labs. ,
III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Summary judgment is proper when the movant shows that there "is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). A "material" fact is one identified by the substantive law as affecting the outcome of the suit. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc. ,
IV. DISCUSSION
Mr. Castagna asserts claims for beaches of express and implied warranties, raising each of those theories under Indiana law (Count 1) and the Magnuson-Moss Act (Count 2). He also asserts a claim under Indiana's Deceptive Consumer Sales Act (Count 3). Newmar and Magnum have each moved for summary judgment that Mr. Castagna is not entitled to recover for the fire damage, which underlies his implied warranty claims. Newmar has also moved for summary judgment on Mr. Castagna's claim under the Deceptive Consumer Sales Act, and his requests for rescission and for consequential damages. The Court addresses each in turn.
A. Breach of Implied Warranty of Merchantability
The defendants both move for summary judgment as to the implied warranty of merchantability. The implied warranty is important in this case because the fire occurred shortly after the express warranty's term expired, so Mr. Castagna could only recover for the fire damage through a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability. In seeking summary judgment, Newmar and Magnum first argue that the evidence does not support Mr. Castagna's claim that the fire was caused by the inverter, as opposed to some other source that would not implicate the implied warranty. They also argue that the express *736warranty limited the term of any implied warranties as well, and that the fire occurred outside of that term. The Court disagrees on both counts.
1. Breach
"[A] warranty that goods shall be merchantable is implied in all sales contracts if the seller is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind." Frantz v. Cantrell ,
Proving a breach of the implied warranty of merchantability requires showing that the product was defective in some respect such that it was not merchantable. Markwell v. Gen'l Tire & Rubber Co. ,
Here, there is no question that a vehicle that causes a fire is not fit for its ordinary purpose.
In its motion summary judgment, Magnum largely relies on the premise that Mr. Castagna must prove either a design defect-which entails proving both that the product was unreasonably dangerous and that a safer alternative existed-a manufacturing defect, or a failure to warn. This is not a strict products liability case, though, so those categories of defects are not applicable. A plaintiff's burden is rather to show that the product was not merchantable:
Proof of the specific defect in construction or design causing a mechanical malfunction is not an essential element in establishing breach of warranty. When machinery malfunctions, it obviously lacks fitness regardless of the cause of the malfunction. Under the theory of warranty, the "sin" is the lack of fitness as evidenced by the malfunction itself rather than some specific dereliction by the manufacturer in constructing or designing the machinery.
A.A.A. Exteriors ,
The Court must therefore consider whether Mr. Castagna has submitted evidence from which the jury could conclude that the fire was caused by the vehicle and its inverter, whether or not he can prove the specific defect that caused the fire. The Court finds that he has. Mr. Castagna retained three experts to examine the source of the fire. John Powell, a certified fire investigator, opined that the fire originated inside the inverter. [DE 104-28 ("the thermal event originated inside the Magnum's case") ]. He noted that the soot deposits indicate that the fire began inside the inverter and then spread outward, and that the damage showed "very directional patterns to demonstrate heat transfer from the area of the inverter." Id. p. 4. His examination of the vehicle showed "no evidence of electrical faulting other than that seen in the inverter." Id. He also noted that the vehicle's wiring had been repaired at one point, but he found no evidence that the repairs affected the inverter. He further noted that the inverter contained only the components that were installed during its manufacture.
Peter Layson, an expert in electrical system and appliance failures, also examined the vehicle and the inverter. [DE 104-27]. He found that the only electrical ignition source identified in the area of the fire was the inverter, and that the inverter was the only device that exhibited electrical activity consistent with a competent ignition source for a fire. None of the wiring outside of the inverter revealed electrical activity that could have started a fire. He also found no electrical arcing activity outside the inverter, and no evidence of overcurrent heating outside the inverter. Id. p. 6. He further opined that the electrical activity within the inverter was consistent with an electrical discharge event at an internal component called the "FET board." Since the board was heavily damaged in the fire, though, he could not identify the specific mechanism that caused the discharge. Finally, he opined that the failure within the inverter was forceful enough to expel heated gases and flames to the outside of the inverter.
Finally, Thomas Bailey, another certified fire examiner, inspected the vehicle and the inverter and considered Mr. Layson's *738opinions. [DE 104-13]. He concluded that the fire was not incendiary, meaning it was not started on purpose. He further opined that the fire began at the inverter, and that the fire then ignited other combustible material outside the inverter. Once the fire began, it followed the path of available fuel and oxygen, spreading to other compartments. Due to a shortage of oxygen and fuel in the enclosure, though, the fire eventually self-extinguished.
These opinions suffice to allow a jury to conclude that the fire was caused by the inverter, even though the defendants suggest a number of other possibilities. As the defendants argue, a plaintiff may not recover "where the facts proven show that there are several possible causes of an injury, for one or more of which the defendant was not responsible and it is just as reasonable and probable that the injury was the result of one cause or the other." Royal Bus. Machs., Inc. v. Lorraine Corp. ,
The defendants suggest that wires outside of the inverter may have shorted-either due to a fire that had already started from another source, or perhaps due to a water leak or another reason-and sent a surge into the inverter, causing its failure. However, Mr. Layson and Mr. Powell both opined that there was no evidence of electrical faulting outside of the inverter. [DE 104-27 p. 6; DE 104-28 p. 4]. The defendants also note that after the fire, the contents of the basement compartments were removed so that the vehicle could be repaired enough to get towed, and that those contents were not preserved.
2. Limited Term
The defendants next argue that the express warranty limited the term of the implied warranty of merchantability, such that it expired before the fire. The warranty states, "Any implied warranties as to *739the Newmar Corporation Recreational Vehicle including any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use are limited to a period of twelve (12) months immediately following the original retail owner's date of purchase as therefore stipulated." [DE 104-3]. The date of purchase was July 3, 2013, and the fire occurred over a year later, in August 2014, so the fire would be outside the term of the implied warranty if this provision is enforceable.
Under Magnuson-Moss, "implied warranties may be limited in duration to the duration of a written warranty of reasonable duration, if such limitation is conscionable and is set forth in clear and unmistakable language and prominently displayed on the face of the warranty."
A limitation generally satisfies this condition if it is emphasized or set off from the remainder of the content of the warranty in some way. For example, courts have noted that "[t]ext that is bold, written in all capital letters, and otherwise set apart satisfies § 2308." Popham v. Keystone RV Co. , No. 3:15-cv-197,
The limitation at issue here has none of those features. Its text is the same size as (or smaller than) the rest of the language in the warranty, and it is not in bold, underlined, or capitalized font. The text is also quite small and does not include a heading. In fact, the language in question is the middle sentence of a three-sentence paragraph toward the bottom of the page:
This warranty is expressly in lieu of any other express warranties, written or verbal, made on the part of Newmar Corporation, which corporation does not undertake responsibility to any purchaser of its products for any undertaking, representation or warranty made by dealers beyond those herein expressed. Any implied warranties as to the Newmar Corporation Recreational Vehicle including any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use are limited to a period of twelve (12) months immediately following the original retail owner's date of purchase as therefore stipulated. Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitations may not apply to you.
By comparison, the very next paragraph is in all-bold font, and other language in the warranty is set in bold or all-capitalized font. Under those circumstances, if there is any language that a reader would likely overlook in this warranty, it would be this limitation. See Paper Mfrs. Co. v. Rescuers, Inc. ,
Newmar argues in response that the warranty notes a number of times that it is a "Twelve Month Limited Warranty."
*740However, the fact that a manufacturer offers an express warranty for a term of twelve months does not mean that the implied warranty of merchantability-which exists apart from any express warranty-is also so limited. An express warranty could equally exist for twelve months without any limitation at all on the implied warranty of merchantability. To be enforceable, the language limiting the term of that distinct warranty needs to be prominently displayed, and the language at issue here is not. Accordingly, the limitation on the term of the implied warranty is not enforceable, so the Court denies the motion for summary judgment as to the claims for beach of the implied warranty of merchantability.
B. Deceptive Consumer Sales Act
Newmar next moves for summary judgment on Mr. Castagna's claim under the Indiana Deceptive Consumer Sales Act. The Act gives a consumer a cause of action against a supplier that engages in a "deceptive act."
(1) That such subject of a consumer transaction has sponsorship, approval, performance, characteristics, accessories, uses, or benefits it does not have which the supplier knows or should reasonably know it does not have.
(2) That such subject of a consumer transaction is of a particular standard, quality, grade, style, or model, if it is not and if the supplier knows or should reasonably know that it is not.
....
(8) That such consumer transaction involves or does not involve a warranty, a disclaimer of warranties, or other rights, remedies, or obligations, if the representation is false and if the supplier knows or should reasonably know that the representation is false.
A deceptive act is actionable only if it is "incurable" or "uncured."
*741In support of this claim, Mr. Castagna offers two categories of alleged deceptive acts. First, he argues that Newmar's breach of the express warranty constitutes a deceptive act. Second, he argues that prior to the sale, Newmar's national sales manager made several false statements about the quality of Newmar's vehicles and service. Beginning with the warranty, Mr. Castagna argues that Newmar committed a deceptive act by breaching the warranty. He does not identify any alleged misrepresentation, though; his argument rests on the premise that every breach of a warranty constitutes a deceptive act. Mr. Castagna does not cite any authority in support of that categorical premise. While a misrepresentation about a warranty can constitute a deceptive act,
In addition, the Indiana Supreme Court has held that a breach of warranty alone is not enough to constitute a deceptive act. In McKinney , the plaintiff alleged that the defendant "made promises-sometimes in the form of warranties and guarantees-and then failed to perform." McKinney v. States ,
Mr. Castagna also alleges that Newmar's national sales manager made a number of false statements about the quality and performance of the vehicle. The statements in question are that Newmar "had an extremely high quality product," that "they stood behind the product," and that their service was "a step above."
*742Kesling v. Hubler Nissan, Inc. ,
The alleged representations here-that Newmar made a "high level product," that it "stood behind" its products, and had service "a step above"-are similar to the puffery in Kesling and Rispens . They do not refer to any objective standard or make verifiable factual assertions about Newmar's product or service. Rather, they are " 'empty superlatives on which no reasonable person would rely,' or 'meaningless sales patter.' " Kesling ,
C. Rescission and Revocation
Next, Newmar moves for summary judgment on Mr. Castagna's request for rescission of the transaction or revocation of his acceptance of the RV. Newmar argues that it was not a party to the sale between Mr. Castagna and North Trail RV-the dealer that sold the RV-so it is not possible to rescind or revoke that transaction against Newmar. District courts applying Indiana law have uniformly agreed with that position, holding that "without contract privity, a buyer cannot revoke a contract against a remote manufacturer." Skodras v. Gulf Stream Coach, Inc. , No. 3:08 CV 441,
In response, Mr. Castagna states that those cases were wrong, but he never develops an argument as to why they were wrong. Mr. Castagna also argues that the Court should instead follow the Indiana Court of Appeals' decision in Perry , but that decision said nothing about this issue. Perry held that when an exclusive remedy fails of its essential purpose, a plaintiff may seek other remedies provided by Indiana Uniform Commercial Code; it never *743suggests that those remedies include rescission against a remote manufacturer.
D. Consequential Damages
Finally, Newmar moves for summary judgment on Mr. Castagna's request for incidental and consequential damages on his breach of warranty claims. Newmar relies on the warranty's express exclusion of those damages: "Newmar Corporation will not be responsible for any incidental or consequential damages including (but not limited to) loss of use of vehicle, loss of time, inconvenience, expenses for travel, lodging, telephone, transportation charges, loss or damages to personal property, or loss of income." [DE 104-3 (bold, all-caps font omitted) ]. Newmar asks to enforce that exclusion.
In response, Mr. Castagna argues that this provision is unenforceable because the warranty failed of its essential purpose. However, the Indiana Supreme Court has held that that is not a ground for declining to enforce a limitation or exclusion of consequential damages. Rheem Mfg. Co. v. Phelps Heating & Air Conditioning, Inc. ,
Mr. Castagna also argues that this exclusion is unconscionable. Unconscionability is a question of law for the court to decide. Rispens ,
To be enforceable, however, the limitation must have actually been part of the agreement that Mr. Castagna entered. Sanco, Inc. v. Ford Motor Co. ,
Those facts create a genuine dispute as to whether this limitation of damages is enforceable. If Mr. Castagna was aware of the damages limitation at the time of the purchase, then he would have assented to that provision by completing the purchase. Rispens ,
V. CONCLUSION
For those reasons, Newmar's motion for summary judgment [DE 99] is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. Magnum's motion for summary judgment [DE 100] is *745DENIED. The motions to strike [DE 107, 116, 123] are each DENIED. The Court also intends to unseal Mr. Castagna's response and exhibits [DE 104] unless a properly supported motion to seal is filed within 14 days.
SO ORDERED.
For simplicity, the Court refers here to the experts collectively, but it identifies each expert's specific opinions below in addressing the defendants' challenge to this claim.
The Court has jurisdiction over the Magnuson-Moss claim under
For example, Mr. Layson stated in his report that the fire in the inverter was forceful enough to expel "gases and flames" into the vehicle. Magnum now seeks to strike the new opinion that the fire was forceful enough to expel gases, flames, and "particles."
Mr. Castagna argues that the vehicle was not merchantable due to other defects as well. Since the fire forms the basis of the claim against Magnum, and since there is a dispute of fact on that issue, the Court focuses its analysis on the fire and need not reach any other bases for this claim.
Magnum also suggests that the Court should dismiss the claim as a sanction for the loss of evidence. There is no indication that any evidence was lost willfully or in bad faith, though, nor have the defendants adequately shown that they have been prejudiced to the extent that the extreme sanction of dismissal would be justified.
The Act has since been revised to define deceptive acts more broadly, but the Court applies the version of the act that was in effect at the time of the sale. See Hoopes v. Gulf Stream Coach, Inc. , No. 1:10-CV-365,
Evidence of a breach of warranty will sometimes overlap with evidence of a deceptive act. For example, if a seller represents that a product has a specific function, a failure to repair a defect in that function could establish both a breach of a warranty and an uncured deceptive act. See Hoopes ,
Mr. Castagna's brief also states in passing that he "later discovered that there were extensive limitations to the Newmar warranty that he was never told about prior to his purchase." [DE 104 p. 21]. However, he does not identify what limitations he is referring to (it appears from the warranty that every aspect of the vehicle is covered either by Newmar or by the manufacturer of the particular component); he does not identify any misrepresentation about the scope of the warranty that could serve as a deceptive act; and he does not identify any notice in which he raised that issue to Newmar.
The Court therefore need not resolve whether Mr. Castagna complied with the notice requirement, but that is questionable. A notice must identify not only the damage suffered but also the deceptive act. A.B.C. Home ,
Mr. Castagna only cites cases applying Illinois law in discussing unconscionability, and has thus failed to develop an argument as to how the limitation would qualify as unconscionable under Indiana law.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Daniel CASTAGNA v. NEWMAR CORPORATION
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- 9 cases
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- Published