The opinion of the court was delivered' by

This action was brought ■ by William Johnson to recover for services performed under an alleged oral contract entered into between himself and the plaintiff in error. An answer was filed setting up' *212four separate defenses, tlie first being a general denial, a‘nd tlie second pleading a former adjudication, m the following language :

“For a second defense, the defendant says that the particular matter sued for herein was, in a certain case wherein William Johnson, plaintiff herein, was plaintiff therein, and the defcmd&nt herein was the defendant therein, instituted in the district court of Osage county, Kansas, included in, set up and sued for in tliat cause, and upon a certain written contract; that judgment was rendered in that case, and that said judgment was wholly paid and discharged, and has at no time been reversed, vacated, or set aside, and that the said judgment was a final adjudication of all matters in controversy in this suit, and that plaintiff should not further have or maintain liis action against the defendant.”

So far as the third and fourth defenses set up in the answer are concerned, they are immaterial in tlie discussion of the question arising in this case. No demurrer was filed to either count of the answer, and no motion to make more definite and certain, but the plaintiff below filed a reply consisting of a general denial. Upon the trial of the cause, plaintiff in error sought to introduce evidence under the second ground of defense set up in his answer, and thereupon the court sustained the objection to the introduction of any evidence under said second defense, and, upon motion of the plaintiff below, the court also struck said second defense from defendant’s answer, over the objection of the defendant below, and the court also instructed the jury, in substance, that the only defense presented by the defendant below was a general denial. From a judgment in favor of Johnson, Borin brings the case here for review.

The errors complained of in this case, may all be considered together, as all arise from the view which *213the trial court seemed to take with regard to the second defense set up in the answer. It will of course he conceded that a final judgment rendered in an action is'conclusive between the parties upon all matters "litigated or necessarily involved in the action in which the judgment was rendered. The trial court seems to have taken the position that a former adjudication of the matters in dispute in this case was not properly pleaded, and such, also, seems to be the argument of the counsel for the defendant in error in this court. The allegations of the answer, so far as this defense is concerned, were that the particular matter sued for herein had been included, set up and sued for in a former cause, of action between the same parties, in the district court of Osage county, which action was brought upon a written contract, and that the judgment rendered in that case had been wholly paid and discharged. It is contended by counsel, that because this action was brought upon a verbal contract, and the one pleaded as a defense was upon a written contract, the latter constituted no defense as a plea in bar or as a former adjudication.

It is the policy of the law to regard substance as of greater importance than form, and in this case, when the defendant below alleges that “the particular matter sued for herein ” had been passed upon and finally adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction, it appears to us that but one construction can be given to the language, viz., that the services sued for in this action had been made the basis of a former action, which former action had passed into judgment and been finally disposed of. It is not the form of the action which plaintiff in error claims had been formerly passed upon,.nor is it the species of contract under which the services may have been performed. *214These relate only to the form. But the substance of the allegation in this defense is, that the plaintiff below had been once permitted to. recover fbr the- same services which he here sues for, and it is clear that evidence should have' been permitted' to establish this defense, and that it ought not to have been stricken from the answer.

The judgment of the district court is reversed, and the cause remanded for further proceedings.