Drummond v. Krebs
Drummond v. Krebs
Opinion of the Court
The-opinion of the court was delivered by
This action was commenced by Drummond, plaintiff in error, against L. K. Krebs, to recover judgment on two negotiable promissory notes for $232 and $216, respectively, and for the foreclosure of a mortgage. All other defendants were made parties because of their having signed the mortgage, or because of some interest they were supposed to have in the real estate described therein. The defendants L. K. Krebs, Charles H. Krebs, D. N. Wheeler, Drusilla G. Johnson and G. H. T. Johnson made no appearance in the trial court.
The defendant Lissa Martin, with her husband, David Martin, filed an answer and cross-petition, which were adopted by all other answering defendants as their separate answer and cross-petition. The
It is first contended that the court erred in not rendering judgment for plaintiff in error on the notes and mortgage according to the written terms thereof under the allegations of the petition and evidence. The plaintiff in error became the holder of the notes by assignment. His contention is that he is an innocent holder of the notes and mortgage, and is entitled to judgment thereon according to the terms expressed therein. On the other hand, it is the contention of the defendants that Drummond became the holder of the notes and mortgage by assignment after maturity. Samuel B. Glazier is the payee named in the notes and mortgage. The mortgage by an indorsement appears to have been assigned to plaintiff on the 15th day of August, 1891, long after maturity. There is some testimony tending to show that the notes were sold, assigned and transferred by Glazier to the United States Investment Company, in the regular course of business, for value, before maturity. The trial court found, however, that Glazier indorsed the notes as follows: “Without recourse, Samuel B. Glazier,” and afterward transferred the notes and
“For value received, the mortgagee within named does hereby assign and transfer the notes by the foregoing mortgage secured, and does hereby assign and set over to C. W. Drummond, or his assigns, all right, title and interest to the lands and tenements in the mortgage dated April 11, 1887, on lots six (6) and seven (7), block twenty-two (22), L. C. Challis’s addition to the city of Atchison, Kansas, and recorded in book 73, page 555, in the register of deeds’ office in said county. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, on this 15th day of August, a. d. 1891. S. B. Glazier.”
This finding of the trial court is supported by some testimony. The testimony was conflicting oh this question, and the findings of the court are conclusive thereon. This precludes the plaintiff in error from claiming any of the rights of a bona fide purchaser for value. There is, however, on the other hand, some evidence to support the contention that before maturity Glazier sold, assigned and transferred the notes to the United States Investment Company. As opposed to this contention there is an assignment of the notes and mortgage bearing date August 15, 1891, as above set out in the findings of the trial court.
If it be conceded, as claimed by the plaintiff in error, that the notes and mortgage were, before maturity, for value transferred to the United States Investment Company, would plaintiff in error be in any better condition? The record shows that John M. Crowell in 1887 purchased from Jacob Emler the two lots of land in controversy, and the title was taken in his name. Immediately thereafter Geo.rge Storch, Samuel B. Glazier andF. W. Huntonwere each given a one-fourth interest in the transaction and a one-fourth interest in the profits to accrue by reason of the
It is next claimed that the court erred in admitting incompetent, irrelevant and immaterial testimony on behalf of the defendants. Complaint is made that there is no foundation in the record for an admission of any conversations and statements of Vandergrift. There was some evidence tending to show that Vandergrift was the agent of Crowell, Glazier, Storch and Hunton in negotiating the sale of the property to the Ladies’ Syndicate. Crowell testified that Vandergrift applied to him and told him he could sell the property for him, and Crowell answered, “All right, go ahead with the sale.” Crowell further testified :
“Q,. You authorized Mr. Vandergrift and Mr. Glazier to make a sale of it? A. Make a sale of it. I did not know they were going to do it, because I could get more for it. I consented to it ;-yes, sir.”
Storch testified :
“Q,. Mr. Storch, state what, if any, conversation you had with any one acting for or on behalf of these ladies of the syndicate in regard to how the notes and mortgage should be drawn. A. I do not think I ever discussed it with anybody.
*187 “ Q,. Did you ever have any talk with either one of these ladies that formed this syndicate that purchased the property prior to the making out of this mortgage and notes? A. Not that I remember.
“ Q,. Then all the information that came to your knowledge about this property being sold to this syndicate for $9000 came through Mr. Vandergrift? A. Yes, sir.
“ Q. Then is it not a fact that so far as the terms of the sale and terms of security were concerned all of the negotiation was done by them (Hunton, Glazier, and Vandergrift), and that you had nothing to do with it except when it came to drawing up the papers? A. I did not make the bargain with them.
“ Q,. You had nothing to do with it? A. The sale was reported the same as many others are to me, and I make out the papers and send them out, and if they are signed that is a bargain.”
It appears that there was some foundation for the admission of the conversations and statements of Vandergrift, and there was some evidence of- his agency — sufficient, at least, to permit the admission of his acts and declarations.
It is claimed that witnesses were permitted to state their conclusions and understanding as to the conversations with Glazier, Hunton, and Vandergrift. It is true that the witnesses did not claim to give the exact language used by the parties in the conversation. That can rarely be done. They seem to have testified to the substance of the conversations, and this, we think, was permissible.
Complaint is made that there was no foundation for the admission of conversations and statements made by Mrs. Prentis to her codefendants. The contract for the sale and purchase of the real estate in question appears to have been stated first by Vandergrift, Glazier and Hunton to Mrs. Prentis. Mrs. Prentis testified “that she was one of the first members.of
It is contended that the testimony of the defendants in support of their cross-petition “ as to what they understood and believed when they signed the mortgage” is incompetent. This objection appears to be very technical. The witnesses evidently referred to the understanding and intent as expressed in the agreement made between the parties, as they understood it to be, that is, the agreement that was actually made in the sale and purchase of the property. The testimony appears to have been competent.
There is no merit in the contention that the court permitted leading questions to be asked and answered.
The rulings on questions as to the admission of evidence in a trial before a court are more liberal than where a trial is had by a jury. There are portions of the testimony of which complaint is made that appear to be irrelevant and immaterial, but from an examination of all of the evidence we are satisfied that no prejudicial error was committed by the trial court in the admission of evidence. The rule as stated in the American and English Encyclopedia of Pleading and Practice, volume 2, page 567, is,-we think, the correct rule in such cases :
“Where the record shows that sufficient evidence*189 was introduced to sustain the findings of the trial judge in a case tried to the court alone, the judgment will not be reversed for the erroneous admission of evidence, as the judge will be presumed to have disregarded it in making the findings, unless it is clear that he was influenced thereby.”
It is further contended that the court erred in rejecting proper competent testimony offered by plaintiff in error. During the trial a letter written by George Storch to Mrs. JPrentis was introduced in evidence for the purpose of contradicting portions of his testimony. The witness Storch explained that the letter and the statements therein contained had no reference to anything connected with this case. The witness was allowed to make a full explanation of the letter and his Version of the same. The court excluded other independent testimony offered for the purpose of explaining his contention. The court committed no error in rejecting the offered testimony.
Again, it is claimed that the court erred in overruling the motion of the plaintiff for a new trial. The sole controversy in this case was whether the plaintiff Drummond was entitled to a lien for the money due him from Krebs on the whole of the mortgaged property, or whether the twelve answering interests, two of the same being owned by Mrs. Martin, should be released from the lien of the mortgage. Was there a mutual mistake, such a mistake as to require the reformation of the mortgage? This mortgage was written and prepared by Storch without any inquiry on his part as to what agreement and contract had been made between the parties. It was signed and acknowledged by the defendants without inquiry or investigation, relying with apparent confidence on the belief that the mortgage had been prepared according to the contract originally made. The evidence shows that
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.