In re Ramsey
In re Ramsey
Opinion of the Court
Chapter 13
ORDER DENYING MOTION TO MODIFY CONFIRMED PLAN AND DISMISSING CASE
When these debtors confirmed their chapter 13 plan in 2009, they were above-median debtors whose applicable commitment period was five years. In calculating their projected disposable income under § 1325(b), they deducted from their current monthly income over $900 a month for federal income tax withholding. On their Schedules I and J, they explained that they were not withholding for taxes before they filed. The IRS filed sizeable priority tax claims for several prepetition years.
Facts
Timmy Ramsey and Rhonda Stelter filed their joint chapter 13 petition and plan on December 23, 2008. They filed all of the necessary schedules with their petition, including schedules I and J. On schedule I they stated that neither debtor had withheld federal income tax from then-pay after April of 2008, and that between them, some $975 should have been withheld monthly. They incorporated these figures into their Form B22C disposable income calculation as well as their Schedule J expenses. Line 30 of Form B22C requests information about “the total average monthly expenses that you actually incur” for taxes other than property or sales taxes. The debtors inserted a figure of $1,943. According to the note added to Line 17 of Schedule I, the debtors anticipated the $975 in monthly withholding that they reported as an expense on Schedule J and included that amount in reaching the $1,943 allowed for the payment of taxes on Form B22C, Line 30. Their B22C reports monthly disposable income of $500.27. Because the debtors’ income was “above-median,” they were required to commit to a five-year repayment period under § 1325(b)(4) and § 1322(d)(1).
In their plan, the debtors proposed to pay their unsecured creditors not less than $30,016.20 and to pay their ongoing mortgage payments through the trustee.
After the debtors again defaulted on their plan payments, prompting the trustee to file a second motion to dismiss in May of 2013, they filed the present motion to modify.
In the July 2013 motion to modify their confirmed plan, the debtors ask that their plan be extended beyond their “four payments remaining” and that the funds originally to be paid to general unsecured creditors instead be paid to the IRS to cover the 2011 and 2012 taxes to the extent the receipts permit.
Analysis
After a debtor’s chapter 13 plan is confirmed, the debtor or another party in interest can propose modifications for certain purposes, including to increase or decrease payments on particular classes of claims and to extend the time for paying those claims.
The Trustee is correct that the debtors’ proposed modification makes no provision for curing the immediate $5,460 payment default. If they do not cure, the debtors will have failed to honor their commitment to pay their projected disposable income to their unsecured creditors. If the debtors do not cure the plan default by the end of the five year applicable commitment period, they will not receive a discharge.
The fact that the other unsecured creditors will not receive what they expected to get under the original confirmed plan is not necessarily a basis for rejecting this modification if the debtors can show a
The debtors have two other insurmountable problems. The first is that they cannot pay the new priority tax claims in full over the life of the plan, rendering it unfeasible. Even if they could pay, the debtors failed to demonstrate that their circumstances have changed to a degree that would warrant modifying the present plan.
The amended priority tax claims amount to $16,418. The debtors’ monthly payments are $2,029 a month. The five year period within which their plan must be completed, and which effectively brackets the time such a plan may be extended under § 1329(c), ended on January 23, 2014. Thus, when the debtors sought this modification on July 22, 2013, they had 6 months left in the life of their plan. Six payments of $2,029 total $12,174, far short of what is needed to pay the government’s § 1305 claims.
Though the Code does not expressly require the debtors to show a change in their circumstances sufficient to warrant confirmation of a modified plan, some courts hold as much.
In short, the debtors’ failure to provide for a cure of their payment default, their failure to provide for the full payment of the priority tax claims, the five-year dura-tional limit, and the lack of evidence of an unanticipated, material and substantial change in the debtors’ circumstances all combine to defeat their motion to modify.
I recognize that whether changed circumstances is a predicate for modifying a confirmed chapter 13 plan remains uncertain in this Circuit as the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals has yet to decide that issue. Even so, the trustee has also raised the debtors’ lack of good faith as an objection. The modification must be proposed in good faith under §§ 1325(a)(3) and 1329(b)(1). In this Circuit, the Flygare factors guide the Court’s determination whether the modification is proposed in good faith.
I am troubled by the debtors’ apparent inability or unwillingness to withhold or pay their post-petition income taxes for three years while under the court’s protection and even after they chose to take those proposed withholdings as deductions from income on schedule J in 2008 and on Form B22C to calculate disposable income. The debtors’ good faith might not be questioned if their failure to address their income tax responsibilities were an isolated circumstance. But it isn’t. The debtors were not withholding in 2008 before they filed their petition — and they recognized that fact when the filled out Schedule J and Form B22C. Indeed, the IRS’s proofs of claim state that the debtors have not been paying their federal income taxes since 2002.
The debtors’ motion to modify is DENIED. The Trustee’s motion to dismiss under § 1307(c)(6) is GRANTED, but the order of dismissal shall be stayed for 14 days to give the debtors an opportunity to convert their case to one under chapter 7.
SO ORDERED.
. The IRS’s original proof of claim encompassed income tax liabilities from 2002-2007.
. Dkt.64.
. Dkt. 66.
. The debtors appeared by their attorney William Zimmerman. The chapter 13 trustee Laurie B. Williams personally appeared.
. The parties stipulated to the facts in this case. Those stipulations are found at Dkt. 76. The controlling facts set forth are derived from the stipulations and pleadings in the case.
.Dkt. 6, p. 2.
. Dkt. 20.
. Dkt. 53.
. Id.
. Dkt. 59 (Trustee’s Motion to Dismiss); Dkt. 64 (Debtors’ Motion to Modify).
. See § 1326(a)(1). See also Baxter v. Evans (In re Evans), 183 B.R. 331, 332-34 (Bankr.S.D.Ga. 1995) (plan term begins when debtor is first obligated to make plan payment, not when plan is confirmed).
. Dkt. 64.
. 11 U.S.C. § 1329(a)(1) and (2).
. § 1329(b)(1) and § 1322(a)(2).
. See Profit v. Savage (In re Profit), 283 B.R. 567, 575-76 (9th Cir. BAP 2002) (plan could not be modified after 60-month term had expired even though motion to modify was filed prior to expiration of 60th month).
. Section 1328(a)(1) only grants a discharge “after completion by the debtor of all payments under the plan.”
. See In re Brensing, 337 B.R. 376, 381-82 (Bankr.D.Kan. 2006); 11 U.S.C. § 1305(a)(1) and (b). 6
. The debtors’ proposed modification does not change the amount of the monthly plan payment.
. In re McClam, No. 08-11544PM, 2009 WL 2928240 (Bankr.D.Md. Aug. 13, 2009) (plan could not be modified to extend duration to 76 months due to 5-year limitation in § 1329(c)).
. See Keith M. Lundin & William H. Brown, Chapter 13 bankruptcy, 4th Edition, § 257.1, Sec. Rev. June 9, 2004, www.Chl3online.com, for discussion of the changed-circumstances requirement and the split of authority among the circuit and bankruptcy courts. The Tenth Circuit has not decided this issue.
. In re Grutsch, 453 B.R. 420, 427-29 (Bankr.D.Kan. 2011) (analyzing modification under the good faith confirmation requirement of § 1325(a)(3) court held that debtor’s voluntary retirement was not a sufficient change of circumstances justifying a reduction in the length of her plan from 60 months to 36 months); In re Mellors, 372 B.R. 763, 769-71 (Bankr.W.D.Pa. 2007) (confirmation order is res judicata on modifications that
. Flygare v. Boulden, 709 F.2d 1344, 1347-48 (10th Cir. 1983).
. See Chapter 13 bankruptcy, 4th Edition, § 257.1 at ¶ 15, www.Chl3online.com, supra where the treatise authors advocate that changed circumstances should be considered evidence bearing on other statutory requirements for modification and might be probative of the proponent's good faith under § 1325(a)(3).
. See Claim 9-4. Since 2009, the IRS's claim has grown from $16,252 to $42,254. The Kansas Department of Revenue’s claim seeks payment of unpaid taxes dating to 2005. Claim 12-1.
. See §§ 1325(a)(3) and 1329(b)(1).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- IN RE: Timmy Gene RAMSEY, Rhonda Sue Stelter, Debtors
- Cited By
- 3 cases
- Status
- Published