Mackley v. TW Telecom Holdings, Inc.
Mackley v. TW Telecom Holdings, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
This matter comes before the court upon Plaintiff Steven Mackley’s Motion for Leave to Amend Complaint (ECF No. 11). For the reasons stated below, the motion is granted as to Mr. Maekley’s amended Count I and Count II. However, the undersigned recommends to the District Judge that the motion as it pertains to allowing Mr. Mackley to pursue the amended Count III be denied.
I. Relevant Background
On December 10, 2012, Mr. Mackley filed a complaint against TW Telecom Holdings, Inc., in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas alleging gender discrimination and retaliation under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
On April 10, 2013, U.S. District Judge Sam A. Crow granted TW Telecom’s motion to dismiss and dismissed the complaint without prejudice. Judge Crow found that the complaint failed to give TW Telecom adequate notice of the specific discriminatory conduct giving rise to the claims and failed to plead sufficient facts to state a plausible claim under Title VII or the ADEA.
II. Discussion
Fed.R.Civ.P. 15 governs the procedure for a party to amend a pleading. At this juncture of the case, Mr. Mackley may only amend his complaint by consent of the opposing party or by leave of the court.
TW Telecom opposes the present motion on the grounds that the proposed amended complaint is futile for various reasons. Namely, TW Telecom argues that it would be: (1) untimely and barred by the applicable statute of limitations, (2) fails to state a claim, and (3) fails to comply with Fed. R.Civ.P. 10(b). Further, TW Telecom argues that Mr. Mackley failed to timely exhaust administrative remedies for several of his amended claims.
A court may deny a motion to amend on the basis of futility “if the ‘amendment would not withstand a motion to dismiss or otherwise fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.’ ”
A. Timeliness
TW Telecom asserts that the proposed amended complaint is futile because it is time-barred by the statute of limitations for employment discrimination claims under Title VII and the ADEA.
Filing a charge of discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) or an authorized state agency is required before filing a discrimination lawsuit alleging violations of Title VII and the ADEA.
In August 2012, Mr. Mackley signed and filed a charge of discrimination with the Missouri Commission on Human Rights (“MCHR”) and the EEOC based upon the alleged discriminatory actions of TW Tele-com. The EEOC issued a right-to-sue letter on September 20, 2012, giving Mr. Mackley up to and including December 19, 2012 to file a lawsuit based upon his August 2012 charge of discrimination. Mr. Mackley timely filed a complaint on December 10, 2012. Because Mr. Mackley timely filed a charge of discrimination, received an EEOC right-to-sue letter, and filed a lawsuit within the ninety-day period, his original complaint was timely. Nonetheless, TW Telecom argues that Mr. Mackley’s proposed amended complaint would be untimely as it does not relate back to the date of the timely-filed original complaint and, therefore, falls outside of the ninety-day limitations period. The court does not agree.
Pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(c), an amended complaint may relate back to the date of a timely-filed original complaint, even if the amendment is outside of the statute of limitations, when “the amendment asserts a claim or defense that arose out of the con
In this case, TW Telecom does not argue that the proposed amended complaint fails to arise out of the same conduct, transaction, or occurrences set forth in the original complaint. Rather, TW Telecom suggests that when Judge Crow dismissed Mr. Maekley’s original complaint without prejudice, the ease concluded and the filing of a new complaint would be past the ninety-day period triggered on September 20, 2012 — the date when Mr. Mackley received his right-to-sue letter.
When a court expressly grants a plaintiff leave to file a motion to amend his or her complaint within a certain time period, the court’s order shows that it did not intend to dispose of the entire action.
If the dismissal [of a complaint] is not a “final decision,” that necessarily implies that the plaintiff may seek to amend the complaint — otherwise the dismissal would have been final. That amendment (assuming it was limited to the “conduct, transaction, or occurrence” at issue in the original complaint) would then relate back to the date that the original complaint was filed. Thus, no claim that was timely when made in the original complaint would be barred when made in a properly authorized amended complaint.26
In this case, Judge Crow ordered Mr. Maekley’s original complaint to be dismissed without prejudice and granted him up to and including May 3, 2013, to file a motion to amend to cure certain pleading deficiencies. Based upon this language, Mr. Mackley was granted the opportunity to file an amended complaint that, if it met the requirements of Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(c), would be allowed to relate back to the original complaint. After examining Mr. Maekley’s proposed amended complaint, the court finds that it arises out of the same conduct, transaction, and occurrences set forth in the original complaint. Consequently, Mr. Mackley’s proposed amended complaint as it conforms to this order may relate back to the timely-filed original complaint. The proposed amended complaint is not futile on this ground. In light of this finding, the court finds it unnecessary to address TW Telecom’s equitable tolling argument.
Mr. Mackley’s proposed complaint amends his claim, set out as Count I, for age discrimination under the ADEA. TW Telecom argues that amending the original complaint to include Count I would be futile because it fails to state a claim, fails to comply with Fed.R.Civ.P. 10(b), and is barred for failure to exhaust administrative remedies.
i. Failure to State a Claim
When ruling on a motion to dismiss for failing to state a claim, a court should assume the truth of all well-pleaded facts in the complaint, and draw all reasonable inferences therefrom in the light most favorable to the plaintiff.
TW Telecom asserts that the proposed amended complaint is futile because it does not adequately allege a plausible claim of age discrimination under the ADEA. In employment discrimination cases, the plaintiff is not required to plead a prima facie claim of discrimination to survive a motion to dismiss.
Mr. Mackley’s proposed complaint appears to plead sufficient facts to establish a plausible ADEA claim. Mr. Mackley alleges he is 49 years old and, therefore, is a member of the ADEA’s protected class.
After a review of the prima facie elements, it appears the amended Count I nudges Mr. Mackley’s ADEA claim across the line from conceivable to plausible. In addition, Mr. Mackley addresses and cures the deficiencies originally found by Judge Crow regarding his age discrimination claim. The court finds that Mr. Mackley’s proposed amended complaint, as it pertains to Count I, states a plausible age discrimination claim.
ii. Failure to Comply with Fed.R.Civ.P. 10(b)
Pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 10(b), “[i]f doing so would promote clarity, each claim founded on a separate transaction or occurrence — and each defense other than a denial — must be stated in a separate count or defense.” “The purpose of Rule 10(b) is to promote simplicity and clarity in pleading.”
Hi. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
TW Telecom also contends that Mr. Mackley failed to exhaust his administrative remedies for Count I. Federal courts lack jurisdiction to hear an employment discrimination suit based upon Title VII or the ADEA when the party making the charge of discrimination fails to exhaust administrative remedies.
The charge tells the EEOC or ... [in this ease, the MCHR] what to investigate, provides the opportunity to conciliate the claim and gives the charged party notice of the alleged violation. A plaintiffs claim in federal court is generally limited by the scope of the administrative investigation that can reasonably be expected to follow the charge of discrimination submitted to the EEOC. In determining whether plaintiff has exhausted administrative remedies as to a particular claim, courts liberally construe EEOC charges. The charge, however, must contain facts concerning the discriminatory and retaliatory actions underlying each claim.53
In this case, TW Telecom argues that if Mr. Mackley is asserting a “terms and conditions” or a “harassment” ADEA claim in his amended Count I, his charge of discrimination failed to raise these types of claims and, therefore, he did not timely exhaust his administrative remedies. Mr. Mackley’s charge, however, checked the boxes “age,” “sex,” and “retaliation” when asked to describe the basis of the alleged discrimination. Moreover, Mr. Mackley’s charge states that other younger female employees were given “house mouse” accounts even though he was not. His charge also states that he was wrongfully terminated even though other younger female employees had worse numbers than he did and arrived late or not at all for work. Finally, Mr. Mackley affirmatively explains that his use of the term “harassment” in the amended complaint is not intended to assert a hostile work environment claim. He is not attempting to make such a claim.
In conclusion, TW Telecom did not meet its burden to establish the futility of the amended Count I. Mr. Mackley’s motion for leave to pursue the amended claim in Count I is hereby granted.
C. Count II — Gender Discrimination Under Title VII
Mr. Mackley’s motion also seeks to amend his claim, set out as a Count II, for gender
i. Failure to State a Claim
TW Telecom asserts that the proposed amended Count II is futile because it does not adequately allege a plausible claim of gender discrimination. Title VII makes it unlawful “to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin ----”
Here, Mr. Mackley asserts that the amended Count II alleges TW Telecom discriminated against him “in both the terms and conditions of Plaintiffs employment and in terminating Plaintiff because of his gender.”
After examining the prima facie elements, Mr. Mackley’s allegations appear to set forth sufficient facts rather than a formulaic recitation of the elements and, therefore, establishing a plausible gender discrimination claim. Moreover, the proposed amended Count II appears to cure the previous deficiencies found by Judge Crow. TW Telecom did not meet its burden to establish the futility of Mr. Mackley’s amended Count II based upon a failure to state a claim.
ii. Failure to Comply with Fed.R.Civ.P. 10(b)
TW Telecom argues the amended Count II is also futile because it fails to comply with Fed.R.Civ.P. 10(b). As previously stated, Fed.R.Civ.P. 10(b) is intended to promote simplicity and clarity in pleadings. TW Tele-com states that, like Count I, Count II references several different possible claims. For substantially the same reasons as outlined above in Section II(B)(ü), the court finds that Mr. Mackley’s amended Count II is not futile on Fed.R.Civ.P. 10(b) grounds.
Hi. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
TW Telecom argues that the amended Count II is also futile for failing to ex
Based upon the foregoing analysis, the court finds that TW Telecom did not meet its burden establishing the futility of amended Count II. Therefore, Mr. Mackley’s motion for leave to file his proposed amended complaint as it relates to his gender discrimination claim in Count II is granted.
D. Count III — Retaliation Under Title VII
Mr. Maekley’s proposed amended Count III is based upon illegal retaliation in violation of Title VII. He claims his employment was terminated as a result of his participation in an internal investigation regarding discrimination allegations against Allan Meyer — his previous manager. TW Telecom argues that the proposed amended Count III fails to state a claim and is barred for failure to exhaust administrative remedies.
i. Failure to State a Claim
TW Telecom appears to assert that the proposed amended Count III does not adequately allege a plausible claim of retaliation under Title VIL TW Telecom’s response to the present motion, however, states that “[w]hile not a model of clarity, the proposed Count III appears to assert a viable retaliation claim under the participation clause of Title VII relating to an internal company investigation about one of the Plaintiff’s managers.”
To establish a prima facie case of retaliation under Title VII, a plaintiff must show “(1) that he engaged in protected opposition to discrimination, (2) that a reasonable person would have found the challenged action materially adverse, and (3) that a causal connection existed between the protected activity and the materially adverse action.”
The Title VII antiretaliation provision has two clauses, making it “an unlawful employment practice for an employer to discriminate against any of his employees ... [1] because he has opposed any practice made an unlawful employment practice by this subchapter, or [2] because he has made a charge, testified, assisted, or participated in any manner in an investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this subchap-ter.” The one is known as the “opposition clause,” the other as the “participation clause”____64
Mr. Maekley’s proposed amended Count III alleges a Title VII retaliation claim
The participation clause protects an employee who: 1) defends himself against charges of discrimination; 2) involuntarily participates as a witness in a Title VII proceeding, or 3) actively participates in assisting a co-worker to assert Title VII rights. The Supreme Court has not decided whether the participation clause protects internal investigations. Nor has the Tenth Circuit decided the issue. Several judges in this district have held, however, that the participation clause does not extend its protection to internal investigations conducted before Title VII proceedings begin[.] The participation clause of Title VII protects proceedings and activities which occur in conjunction with or after the filing of a formal charge with the EEOC; it does not include participating in an employer’s internal, in-house investigation; conducted apart from a formal charge with the EEOC. The Court finds this approach to be well-reasoned, based on the plain language of the participation clause and its distinction from the opposition clause.65
As noted by Judge Crow, neither the Supreme Court nor the Tenth Circuit has decided this issue. Judge Crow’s previous order dismissing the original complaint without prejudice found Mr. Mackley’s retaliation claim to be deficient as it specifically related to TW Telecom’s internal investigation. Namely, Judge Crow found that TW Tele-com’s in-house investigation was “conducted separately from a formal EEOC charge and was based on activities which did not occur in conjunction with or after the filing of a formal charge with the EEOC.”
Mr. Mackley’s proposed amended retaliation claim does not cure the deficiency found by Judge Crow as it relates to TW Telecom’s internal investigation. Mr. Mackley’s amended complaint states that the internal investigation was a “Title VII investigation” conducted by TW Telecom into sexual harassment and sex discrimination allegations concerning his former manager. Beyond Mr. Mackley’s conelusory statement that this investigation was a “Title VII investigation,” Mr. Mackley does not allege a formal complaint was filed with the EEOC prior to or in conjunction with the internal investigation, as Judge Crow appropriately found to be necessary.
As stated above, an amendment is futile if it would not withstand a motion to dismiss for failing to state a claim. Here, Mr. Mack-ley does not cure the pleading deficiency Judge Crow previously found with regard to filing an EEOC charge before or in conjunction with an internal investigation. The undersigned concludes that Mr. Mackley’s amended retaliation claim still fails to state a claim. Accordingly, Mr. Mackley’s amended Count III is futile, and it is recommended that it not be allowed.
ii. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies
In addition to Mr. Maekley’s failure to state a plausible retaliation claim, he also failed to exhaust his administrative
Mr. Mackley’s EEOC charge does not allege any facts supporting a claim of retaliation beyond merely checking the “retaliation” box on the EEOC form. No reference was made to an in-house investigation conducted by TW Telecom into sexual harassment and sex discrimination allegations concerning his former manager. No allegations were made that his employment was terminated as a result of participating in this internal investigation. No other allegations were set forth to support that he was unlawfully retaliated against by TW Telecom in violation of the participation clause. Because Mr. Mackley’s amended retaliation claim (Count III) is not within the scope of his EEOC charge, Mr. Mackley has failed exhaust his administrative remedies for this claim. For this reason, Mr. Mackley’s amended Count III should not be permitted to go forward.
When a court denies a claim as futile on a motion for leave to amend, the denial “has the identical effect as an order dismissing potential claims” and is therefore disposi-tive.
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 686(b)(1), Fed. R.Civ.P. 72(b), and D. Kan. Rule 72.1.4(b), the parties shall have fourteen (14) days after service of a copy of this Memorandum and Order to file any written objections to the court’s recommendation as it relates to the denial of Mr. Mackley’s motion to amend to permit his proposed retaliation claim (Count III). A party must file any objections within the fourteen-day period if that party wants to have appellate review of the proposed findings of fact, conclusions of law, or recommended disposition. If no objections are timely filed, no appellate review will be allowed by any court. Any appellate review of the Magistrate Judge’s recommendation as it pertains to Mr. Mackley’s retaliation claim will be reviewed on a de novo standard.
Accordingly,
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Plaintiff Maekley’s Motion for Leave to Amend Complaint (ECF No. 11) is hereby granted as it pertains to Mr. Maekley’s amended Count I (age discrimination) and amended Count II (gender discrimination). The Magistrate Judge recommends to the District Judge that Mr. Mackley’s motion for leave to pursue the amended Count III (retaliation) be denied. The court will subsequently establish Mr. Mackley’s deadline to file his amended complaint as well as other appropriate case management deadlines.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
. The court notes that, as further explained in Section 11(D), amending the complaint as it pertains to Count III would be futile. Because this holding is dispositive, the undersigned recommends this finding to the District Judge.
. 42 U.S.C. § 2000eetseq.
. 29 U.S.C. § 623 et seq.
. Mackley v. TW Telecom Holdings, Inc., No. 12-2774-SAC, 2013 WL 1502034, at *4 (D.Kan. Apr. 10, 2013).
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(a)(2).
. Wilkerson v. Shinseki, 606 F.3d 1256, 1267 (10th Cir. 2010) (quoting Duncan v. Manager, Dep’t of Safety, City & Cnty. of Denver, 397 F.3d 1300, 1315 (10th Cir. 2005)).
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(a)(2).
. Wenner v. Bank of Am., NA, 637 F.Supp.2d 944, 950 (D.Kan. 2009) (quoting Stewart v. Bd. of Comm'rs for Shawnee Cnty., Kan., 216 F.R.D. 662, 664 (D.Kan. 2003)).
. Collins v. Wal-Mart, Inc., 245 F.R.D. 503, 507 (D.Kan. 2007).
. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007).
. Collins, 245 F.R.D. 503, 507 (D.Kan. 2007) (citing Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 326, 109 S.Ct. 1827, 104 L.Ed.2d 338 (1989)).
. Boykin v. CFS Enter., Inc., No. 08-2249-CM-GLR, 2008 WL 4534400, at *1 (D.Kan. Oct. 6, 2008).
. Def.'s Resp. to Pl.'s Mot. to Amend Compl. at 1, ECF No. 15.
. Richardson v. Rusty Eck Ford, Inc., No. 12-1313-KHV, 2013 WL 1704930, at *4 (D.Kan. Apr. 19, 2013).
. 42 U.S.C.2000e-5(e)(1); 29 U.S.C. § 626(d)(1)(B).
. See Kinney v. Blue Dot Servs. of Kan., 505 Fed.Appx. 812, 814 (10th Cir. 2012) (unpublished) (stating that under Title VII a plaintiff "must clear three procedural hurdles before bringing suit in federal court: (1) file a discrimination charge with the EEOC, (2) receive a right-to-sue letter from the EEOC, and (3) file suit within ninety days of receiving the letter”); see also Robles v. Amarr Garage Doors, No. 11-2707-JAR-DJW, 2012 WL 4867289, at *3 (D.Kan. Oct. 15, 2012) (stating that under Title VII and the ADEA, a person must exhaust his or her administrative remedies by timely making a charge of discrimination and receive a right-to-sue letter based on that charge).
. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(1); 29 U.S.C. § 626(e).
. Collins, 245 F.R.D. at 508 ("[I]f the complaint is filed more than 90 days after the plaintiff receives notice of the right to sue, the action will be deemed untimely.”).
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(c); see generally Spillman v. Carter, 918 F.Supp. 336, 340-41 (D.Kan. 1996) (allowing plaintiff's Title VII and ADA claims to relate back to the filing of the original complaint).
. Acker v. Burlington N. & Santa Fe Ry. Co., 215 F.R.D. 645, 648 (D.Kan. 2003).
. Id.
. See Def.'s Resp. to Pl.’s Mot. to Amend Compl. at 3, ECF No. 15 (“Plaintiff's 90 day filing period was not tolled during the pendency of the first lawsuit and thus the 90 day filing period would have expired on or about December 19, 2012.”).
. Trotter v. Regents of The Univ. of N. M., 219 F.3d 1179, 1183 (10th Cir. 2000); see Moya v. Schollenbarger, 465 F.3d 444, 451 (10th Cir. 2006) (when examining the finality of a dismissal order under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, an order that "expressly grants the plaintiff leave to amend, that conclusively shows that the district court intended only to dismiss the complaint; the dismissal is thus not a final decision”).
. Moya, 465 F.3d at 449 (In terms of appellate jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, "[a] dismissal of the complaint is ordinarily a non-final, nonappealable order (since amendment would generally be available), while a dismissal of the entire action is ordinarily final”) (citing Mobley v. McCormick, 40 F.3d 337, 339 (10th Cir. 1994)).
. Id. at 452-53.
. Id. at 452-53 (internal citations omitted).
. Dias v. City & Cnty. of Denver, 567 F.3d 1169, 1178 (10th Cir. 2009) (citing Teigen v. Renfrow, 511 F.3d 1072, 1078 (10th Cir. 2007)).
. Martin K. Eby Constr. Co. v. OneBeacon Ins. Co., Nos. 08-1250-WEB-KGG, 08-2392-CM, 2011 WL 5837242, at *3 (D.Kan. Nov. 21, 2011) (citing Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009)) (addressing the motion to dismiss standard when analyzing the futility of a motion to amend).
. Robbins v. Oklahoma, 519 F.3d 1242, 1246 (10th Cir. 2008).
. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007).
. Id.
. Id. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955.
. Khalik v. United Air Lines, 671 F.3d 1188, 1193 (10th Cir. 2012) (citing Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93, 127 S.Ct. 2197, 167 L.Ed.2d 1081 (2007)).
. Collins v. Wal-Mart, Inc., 245 F.R.D. 503, 508 (D.Kan. 2007) (citing Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.A., 534 U.S. 506, 511, 122 S.Ct. 992, 152 L.Ed.2d 1 (2002)).
. Dias, 567 F.3d at 1178 (quotations marks and citation omitted); see Martin K. Eby Constr. Co., 2011 WL 5837242, at * 4 (stating the same).
. Dias, 567 F.3d at 1178 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556, 127 S.Ct. 1955).
. Swierkiewicz, 534 U.S. at 515, 122 S.Ct. 992; Khalik, 671 F.3d at 1192.
. Khalik, 671 F.3d at 1192 (citing Swierkiewicz, 534 U.S. at 515, 122 S.Ct. 992; Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955).
. See 29 U.S.C. § 631(a) (stating that the provisions of the ADEA "shall be limited to individuals who are at least years of age”).
. Jones v. Oklahoma City Pub. Sch., 617 F.3d 1273, 1279 (10th Cir. 2010) (citing Sanchez v. Denver Pub. Sch., 164 F.3d 527, 531 (10th Cir. 1998)); see Robles v. Amarr Garage Doors, No. 11-2707-JAR-DJW, 2012 WL 4867289, at *6 (D.Kan. Oct. 15, 2012).
. Gross v. FBL Fin. Servs., Inc., 557 U.S. 167, 177, 129 S.Ct. 2343, 174 L.Ed.2d 119 (2009); Richardson v. Rusty Eck Ford, Inc., No. 12 — 1313— KHV, 2013 WL 1704930, at *8 (D.Kan. Apr. 19, 2013).
. Pl.'s Proposed First Am. Compl. at ¶ 35, ECF No. 11-1.
. Id. at ¶ 36-37.
. The court notes that one of the deficiencies Judge Crow addressed in his order dismissing Mr. Mackley's complaint without prejudice was that it failed to sufficiently allege discrimination in the terms and conditions of his employment. Specifically, Judge Crow pointed to Mr. Mack-ley’s failure to allege that others outside of the protected class were given favorable "house mouse” accounts. See Mackley, 2013 WL 1502034, at *2.
. Pl.’s Proposed First Am. Compl. at ¶ 36, ECF No. 11-1.
. Id.
. Id. at V 10, 11, 22, 23, 26.
. Id. at ¶ 38; see id. at ¶ 13(g) (stating that "Defendant would not have treated Plaintiff less favorably than the substantially younger female sales associates hut for Plaintiff's age”).
. Kjorlie v. Lundin, 765 F.Supp. 671, 673 (D.Kan. 1991) (citing 5 Charles Alan Wright, et ah, Federal Practice & Procedure § 1324).
. Richardson v. Rusty Eck Ford, Inc., No. 12-1313-KHV, 2013 WL 1704930, at *4 (D.Kan. Apr. 19, 2013); see Shikles v. Sprint/United Mgmt. Co., 426 F.3d 1304, 1317 (10th Cir. 2005) (stating "Title VII requires a plaintiff to exhaust his or her administrative remedies before filing suit” and holding that “a plaintiff's exhaustion of his or her administrative remedies is a jurisdictional prerequisite to suit under the ADEA”).
. 29 C.F.R. § 1601.9.
. 29 C.F.R.§ 1601.12(b).
. Richardson, 2013 WL 1704930, at *5 (internal citations omitted).
. See Pl.’s Reply to Mot. to Amend Compl. at 14, ECFNo. 18.
. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(1).
. Khalik, 671 F.3d at 1192; see Luke v. Hosp. Shared Servs., Inc., 513 Fed.Appx. 763, 765 (10th Cir. 2013) (unpublished) (applying this standard to Title VII gender discrimination).
. Pl.'s Reply to Mot. to Amend Compl. at 18, ECF No. 18 (emphasis in original).
. Wood v. City of Topeka, Kan., Hous. Auth., 90 F.Supp.2d 1173, 1184 (D.Kan. 2000).
. Id. at 1185 (quoting Sanchez v. Philip Morris, Inc., 992 F.2d 244, 248 (10th Cir. 1993)); see Notari v. Denver Water Dep't, 971 F.2d 585, 589 (10th Cir. 1992).
. The court notes that, unlike the other two claims, TW Telecom does not argue that Count III fails to conform to Fed.R.Civ.P. 10(b). Therefore, the court will not address this argument.
. Def.’s Resp. to Pl.’s Mot. to Amend Compl. at 12, ECF No. 15.
. Argo v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Kan., Inc., 452 F.3d 1193, 1202 (10th Cir. 2006) (internal citations omitted).
. Univ. of Tex. Sw. Med. Ctr. v. Nassar,-U.S. -, 133 S.Ct. 2517, 2533, 186 L.Ed.2d 503 (2013).
. Crawford v. Metro. Gov’t of Nashville & Davidson Cnty., Tenn., 555 U.S. 271, 274, 129 S.Ct. 846, 172 L.Ed.2d 650 (2009) (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-3(a)).
. Mackley, 2013 WL 1502034, at *2-3 (internal citations and quotations omitted).
. Id. at *3 (pointing to the fact that the HR investigation, now described as a "Title VII Investigation,” was conducted in July 2012, but Mr. Mackley’s EEOC charge was not made until August 2012).
. Id.
. See id. at *2-3 (adopting the approach that the participation clause of Title VII protects proceedings and activities which occur in conjunction with or after the filing of a formal charge with the EEOC) (citing Metzger v. City of Leawood, 144 F.Supp.2d 1225, 1258 (D.Kan. 2001); Berroth v. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co., 232 F.Supp.2d 1244 (D.Kan. 2002)).
. 29 C.F.R. § 1601.12(b); see Robles v. Amarr Garage Doors, No. 11-2707-JAR-DJW, 2012 WL 2359423, at *3 (D.Kan. June 20, 2012) ("The charge must identify the type of discrimination complained of, the alleged harasser, and an approximate time period to be minimally sufficient to satisfy the requirements for the content of the charge and the purposes of the notice requirement.”).
. Richardson v. Rusty Eck Ford, Inc., No. 12-1313-KHV, 2013 WL 1704930, at *5 (D.Kan. Apr. 19, 2013).
. See Jones v. U.P.S., Inc., 502 F.3d 1176, 1186 (10th Cir. 2007).
. Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
. Schroder v. Runyon, 1 F.Supp.2d 1272, 1274 (D.Kan. 1998) (quoting Harrell v. Spangler, Inc., 957 F.Supp. 1215, 1219 (D.Kan. 1997)).
. Duncan v. Manager, Dep’t of Safety, City & Cnty. of Denver, 397 F.3d 1300, 1314 (10th Cir. 2005) (finding that plaintiff did not exhaust her administrative remedies because her EEOC charge did not allege facts in support of a retaliation claim even though she checked the box for retaliation).
. Cuenca v. Univ. of Kan., 205 F.Supp.2d 1226, 1229 (D.Kan. 2002).
. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b)(3); see Cuenca, 205 F.Supp.2d at 1228 (finding that when a Magistrate Judge’s decision denies leave to amend on futility grounds, that decision is a
. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(A); Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(a); see Cuenca, 205 F.Supp.2d at 1228 (finding that when a Magistrate Judge’s order grants leave to amend the complaint, the decision is a non-dispositive ruling and is subject to the clearly erroneous or contrary to law standard).
Reference
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