Guidry v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.
Guidry v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.
Opinion of the Court
In this case involving a rear-end automobile collision, Jared Guidry and Leigha Woods appeal the trial court's February 28, 2018 judgment sustaining an exception of no cause of action and dismissing State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company ("State Farm") from this case. For the following reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On February 7, 2017, Mr. Guidry and Ms. Woods filed a petition for damages against Ronald Chambers and State Farm alleging that they are liable, jointly and/or in solido , for an August 26, 2016 automobile accident caused by Mr. Chambers colliding with the rear-end of a vehicle driven by Ms. Woods.
Petitioner further shows that, at all times mentioned hereinabove, there was in full force and effect a policy of UM insurance issued by the Defendant, State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, under the terms and *945conditions of which said insurer agreed to provide uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage to the Plaintiff; that the evidence in this case will reflect that there is no primary insurance in favor of Defendant sufficient to satisfy the amount of damages sued on herein; therefore, Defendant is an uninsured/underinsured motorist pursuant to the terms of the policy of insurance issued by Defendant and pursuant to the Law of Louisiana; and, therefore, State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company is a proper party Defendant herein.
Plaintiffs made no other allegations against State Farm.2
In response to the petition, State Farm filed exceptions of prematurity and no cause of action in which it argued that plaintiffs had failed to present State Farm with a claim as required by the insurance agreement and that plaintiffs' petition failed to set forth any grievance against State Farm sounding in either tort or breach of contract. On June 20, 2017, following a hearing on the exceptions, the trial court rendered judgment denying the exception of prematurity, sustaining the exception of no cause of action, and ordering plaintiffs to amend their petition as allowed pursuant to La. C.C.P. art. 934 to allege the nature of their grievance with State Farm and to allege the particulars of their performance of their obligations under the insurance contract.
Plaintiffs amended their petition for damages with the addition of one sentence to the allegations against State Farm, as follows:
That on or about September 1, 2016, Plaintiffs notified State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company of their injuries and UM claim, and have communicated verbally, through counsel, with representatives of State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company regarding the facts of the accident and their injuries.
State Farm re-urged its exception of no cause of action arguing again that plaintiffs' amended petition fails to set forth a cognizable claim against State Farm.
DISCUSSION
The exception of no cause of action tests the legal sufficiency of the petition by determining whether the law affords a remedy on the facts alleged in the pleading. Khoobehi Props., LLC v. Baronne Dev. No. 2, L.L.C. , 16-506 (La. App. 5 Cir. 3/29/17),
On appeal, plaintiffs argue that the trial court committed legal error by sustaining State Farm's exception of no cause of action because their amended petition alleged the required elements to establish a UM cause of action and there is no requirement for them to plead facts pertaining to their cooperation with State Farm to maintain a cause of action against them. In support of their argument, the plaintiffs point to La. R.S. 22:1295(1)(a)(i) and the Louisiana Supreme Court's holding in Benoit v. Allstate Insurance Co. ,
La. R.S. 22:1295(1)(a)(i) states in pertinent part:
No automobile liability insurance covering liability arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of any motor vehicle shall be delivered or issued for delivery in this state with respect to any motor vehicle designed for use on public highways and required to be registered in this state or as provided in this Section unless coverage is provided therein or supplemental thereto, in not less than the limits of bodily injury liability provided by the policy, under provisions filed with and approved by the commissioner of insurance, for the protection of persons insured thereunder who are legally entitled to recover nonpunitive damages from owners or operators of uninsured or underinsured motor vehicles because of bodily injury, sickness, or disease, including death resulting therefrom; however, the coverage required under this Section is not applicable when any insured named in the policy either rejects coverage, selects lower limits, or selects economic-only coverage, in the manner provided in Item (1)(a)(ii) of this Section.
This statute mandates that all policies of automobile insurance contain UM coverage unless specifically waived by the insured. Contrary to plaintiffs' assertion, it does not create a private, statutory right of action against the insurance company.
In effect, plaintiffs argue that they may sue the UM insurer as one would sue a tortfeasor's insurer under the Louisiana Direct Action Statute, La. R.S. 22:1269, which expressly grants an injured person a right of direct action against an insurer (alone or jointly with the insured tortfeasor).
[T]he intent of our uninsured motorist statute and the policy endorsement issued thereunder is to afford protection to the insured when they become the innocent victims of the negligence of uninsured motorists. The uninsured motorist provision closely resembles the policies of insurance which reimburse an insured for medical expenses or property damage resulting from an automobile accident. This action cannot be compared to that arising under our direct action statute by which suit may be *947brought directly against the insurer (indemnifier) of the tort feasor [sic] without making the tort feasor [sic] a defendant. The uninsured motorist provision is not insurance or indemnification for the uninsured motorist, and the insurer does not stand in the shoes of the uninsured motorist who is the tort feasor [sic].6 (Emphasis added.)
The UM insurer's obligation arises solely from the insuring agreement. Youngs v. Champagne ,
Plaintiffs also rely on the Louisiana Supreme Court's holding in Benoit v. Allstate Ins. Co. , supra , in support of their cause of action against State Farm. In Benoit , the Court considered a suit brought by an injured plaintiff against his UM insurer after the plaintiff had already executed a settlement releasing his claims against the tortfeasor and the tortfeasor's insurer.
Plaintiffs also argue that they may maintain the same cause of action against State Farm as their cause of action against Mr. Chambers because the UM insurer and tortfeasor are solidary obligors. See Bollinger v. Allstate Ins. Co. ,
Plaintiffs are correct in stating that there is no statutory requirement that an insured under a UM policy must first present a claim to his carrier before filing suit against that carrier. This is because an insured's rights against his UM carrier arise from the insurance policy. An insurance policy is a contract and, as with all other contracts, it constitutes the law between the parties. S. Cent. Bell Tel. Co. v. Ka-Jon Food Stores , 93-2926 (La. 5/24/94),
In this case, plaintiffs did not allege in their petition that State Farm has denied their claims or has in any other way failed to fulfill its obligations under the insuring agreement. Consequently, upon our de novo review, after examining the petition, we find that plaintiffs have failed to allege facts sufficient to state a cause of action against State Farm for breach of their UM insuring agreement. Accordingly, and with the understanding that plaintiffs have already been provided with an opportunity to amend their petition as required under La. C.C.P. art. 934, we affirm the judgment of the trial court sustaining State Farm's exception of no cause of action.
CONCLUSION
Having found that plaintiffs have failed to allege facts sufficient to state a cause of action against State Farm, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
AFFIRMED
JOHNSON, J., DISSENTS WITH REASONS
I respectfully dissent. As recognized by the majority, Louisiana is a fact pleading state. "[A]n exception of no cause of action must be overruled unless the allegations in the petition exclude every reasonable hypothesis other than the premise on which the defense is based, i.e., unless the plaintiff has no cause of action under any evidence admissible under the pleadings." [Emphasis in original.] Villareal v. 6494 Homes, LLC , 48,302 (La. App. 2 Cir. 8/7/13),
Here, Plaintiffs alleged they were injured as the result of an automobile accident. They alleged there was a UM policy in effect at the time of the accident wherein State Farm, as the UM insurer, agreed to provide UM coverage to Plaintiff.
I find that the arguments of State Farm in support of its exception of no cause of action - namely that Plaintiffs have failed to comply with their contractual obligations under the terms of the policy and, thus, the provisions for coverage under the UM policy have not been triggered - are only defenses to the suit and do not demonstrate the failure of Plaintiffs to state a cause of action. See Wonycott v. Wonycott ,
Courts should construe pleadings so as to achieve substantial justice in order to reach the truth and should avoid the application of harsh, technical rules of pleading. Gereighty v. Domingue , 17-339 (La. App. 5 Cir. 5/30/18),
According to the petition, Mr. Guidry was a passenger in the car being driven by Ms. Woods at the time of the accident.
The petition fails to state to whom the State Farm insurance policy was issued.
This was done by filing a Memorandum in Support of Exception of No Cause of Action and a Motion to Set the Exception of No Cause of Action, rather than refiling the exception.
While the judgment purports to dismiss the suit with prejudice, we note that the plaintiffs' tort claims against Mr. Chambers, which were not included in State Farm's exception of no cause of action, are still outstanding. The February 28, 2018 judgment is a partial final judgment appealable under La. C.C.P. art. 1915(A)(1).
La. R.S. 22:1269(B)(1) states, "[t]he injured person ... shall have a right of direct action against the insurer within the terms and limits of the policy; and, such an action may be brought against the insurer alone, or against both the insured and insurer jointly and in solido ..."
See also Kellis v. Farber ,
As previously noted, it is unclear from the face of the petition to whom State Farm issued the insurance policy. If Mr. Guidry, the car's passenger, is not an insured party as defined by the policy, it is possible that he has no right of action against State Farm. Further analysis of this is pretermitted by our discussion below.
Because of the procedural posture of the case, which did not involve an exception of no cause of action, but rather a matter of statutory interpretation, the precise allegations of the plaintiff's petition against Allstate are unclear.
As pointed out by the majority, it is unclear to whom the UM policy was allegedly issued - Ms. Woods or Mr. Guidry.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.