Bryan v. Tufts Oil & Gas-III, L.P. (In re Crutcher-Tufts Resources, Inc.)
Bryan v. Tufts Oil & Gas-III, L.P. (In re Crutcher-Tufts Resources, Inc.)
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM OPINION
This matter came before the court on June 13 through 16, 2005 as a trial on the complaint of Trevor G. Bryan, as responsible party of Crutcher-Tufts Resources, Inc. and Crutcher-Tufts Resources, L.P., the debtors, seeking declaratory judgment as to whether defendant Tufts Energy, LLC has a limited partnership interest in Crutcher-Tufts Resources, L.P. For the reasons expressed, the court finds that section 13 of the management agreement contains a valid suspensive condition, but that the evidence does not support a finding that the fulfillment of that condition
I. Background Facts
Cruteher-Tufts Resources, Inc., (“CTR-Inc.”) is the general partner in Cruteher-Tufts Resources, L.P., (“CTR-LP”). Both entities are businesses owned in part by various members of the Crutcher family and the Tufts family.
After entering into the agreement, Tufts Energy apparently provided management services to CTR-LP for approximately two years, receiving regular G & A payments of $66,667 per month as set forth in the agreement. The parties do not contend that Tufts Energy did not perform its management duties, nor do they contend that the CTR-LP failed to pay Tufts Energy according to the agreement.
Section 9 of the agreement provided:
The initial term of this Agreement shall extend from the date hereof to the close of business on June 30, 2002, provided that this Agreement shall continue thereafter for successive one-year terms ending on the close of business on June*192 30 of each succeeding year unless either the Partnership or the Manager shall elect to terminate this Agreement upon at least 90 days written notice to the other party prior to June 30 of any such succeeding year.6
On March 7, 2002, the board of directors of CTR-Inc. met and voted not to renew the agreement, and thus the agreement was to expire on June 30, 2002. On March 15, 2002, David Tufts called a board meeting that resulted in a resolution that removed Fred Tufts and James Reiss from the board and replaced them with David Tufts’ wife and mother. This new board then voted to reinstate the management agreement. Litigation concerning the validity of this action was pursued by the parties in a state court proceeding entitled Albert B. Crutcher, et al. v. J. David Tufts, III, et al. No.2003-9838, Division N, Civil District Court, Orleans Parish. The proceeding was a quo warranto action as to the validity of the board meeting and the resolution changing the board’s composition. On February 16, 2005, the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal issued an opinion and entered a final judgment that the resolution attempting to remove the members of the CTR-Inc. board was invalid.
The bone of contention in this adversary proceeding is none of the above but instead section 13 of the agreement, which reads:
Right to Earn Partnership Interest in the Partnership. The Manager shall have the right to earn twenty five percent (25.0%) of the equity of the Partnership upon the achievement by the Partnership of mutually acceptable performance criteria to be agreed upon by the board of directors of the general partner of the Partnership and the Manager and as acceptable to the lenders under the Senior Credit Agreement and the Subordinated Credit Agreement, and in conjunction with a mutually acceptable independent third party consultant (giving due consideration to the amount of the G & A Payment as compared to the Manager’s actual costs of rendering services pursuant to this Agreement).8
The parties strenuously disagree as to the effect of section 13. The responsible party argues that section 13 is simply an agreement to agree and as such is not an enforceable provision of the contract. Tufts Energy argues that section 13 of the agreement is a valid suspensive condition, the fulfillment of which was frustrated by CTR-LP. Tufts Energy further argues that under Louisiana Civil Code Article 1772, the result of this frustration is that the condition is deemed fulfilled, and it is entitled to a 25% interest in CTR-LP.
Prior to beginning the trial on the complaint of the responsible party, the court limited the issues to be presented at trial to 1) whether section 13 of the management agreement constitutes a purely potestative or simply potestative condition; and, 2) whether, if the provisions of section 13 of the management agreement are determined to be a simply potestative condition, performance of the condition was frustrated solely by the acts of Crutcher-Tufts Resources, Inc. and Crutcher-Tufts
11. Legal Analysis
A. Purely or Simply Potestative
According to the court’s order of May 12, 2005, the first of two issues to be decided is whether section 13 of the management agreement constitutes a purely potestative or simply potestative condition under the governing law contained in the Louisiana Civil Code. The court’s order was in response to the parties’ motion to limit the issues to be tried and the accompanying briefs.
I. Louisiana Civil Code Articles 1767 and 1770
The 1985 revisions to the Louisiana Civil Code specifically address conditional obligations in Articles 1767 to 1776.
The current version of the Civil Code, in Article 1770, eliminates the term “potesta-tive,” and instead focuses on the concepts of “whim” and “will.”
In keeping with the changes to the Civil Code, the court will not determine whether section 13 is a purely or simply potestative condition but instead will address Section 13 of the agreement in terms of the post-revision Civil Code articles. The court finds that section 13 contains a suspensive condition. The uncertain event is “the achievement by the Partnership of mutually acceptable performance criteria.” Upon the occurrence of that event, the obligation, i.e., the manager’s right to earn 25% of the equity of the partnership, may be enforced, but the suspensive obligation may only be enforced when the uncertain event occurs. In the instant case, no party argues that the uncertain event has occurred. No mutually acceptable performance criteria were ever established by CTR-LP whereby Tufts Energy could earn 25% of the equity of CTR-LP.
The court then turns to Article 1770, which states: “A suspensive condition that depends solely on the whim of the obligor makes the obligation null.” The responsible party and various other interested parties in this proceeding argue that section 13 depends solely on the whim of CTR-LP, and is therefore null. Tufts Energy argues that section 13 does not depend solely on the whim of CTR-LP, and is not null. The court finds the latter argument is the better position. The language of section 13 reads that the right to earn the 25% equity interest depends upon the “achievement by the Partnership of mutually acceptable performance criteria to be agreed upon by the board of directors of the general partner of the Partnership and the Manager and as acceptable to the lenders under the Senior Credit Agreement and the Subordinated Credit Agreement, and in conjunction with a mutually acceptable third party consultant.”
The court finds that the terms of section 13 do not depend on the whim of CTR-LP as whim is used in article 1770. Comment (d) to Article 1770 states:
An event which is left to the obligor’s whim is one whose occurrence depends entirely on his will, such as his wishing or not wishing something. An event is not left to the obligor’s whim when it is one that he may or may not bring about after a considered weighing of interest, such as his entering into a contract with a third party.
Section 13 does not state and cannot be read fairly to mean that the manager has the right to earn a 25% equity interest only if CTR-LP wishes it. Rather, the manager shall have the right to earn the 25% equity interest, and this right is conditioned upon the agreement of criteria to be determined by two parties (the partnership and the manager), with the input of a third (a mutually acceptable independent third party consultant), and the veto rights of a fourth party (the lenders). CTR-LP does not retain unbridled discretion to put forth any criteria it wishes. The criteria must be agreed to by the manager and approved by the lenders under the Senior and Subordinated Credit Agreements. Ostensibly the performance criteria should
Additionally, the performance criteria giving rise to the right to earn the 25% equity interest is to be determined in part by “giving due consideration to the amount of the G & A Payment as compared to the Manager’s actual costs of rendering the services pursuant to th[e] Agreement.” The amount of the G & A payment compared to the actual costs of rendering services is a factor that must be considered by the partnership when determining the performance criteria. If CTR-LP is required to take concrete factors such as this into account when determining the performance criteria, it cannot be said that the decision is entirely dependent on the whim of CTR-LP.
2. “Frustration” under Louisiana Civil Code Article 1772
Holding that section 13 of the agreement is a valid suspensive condition necessitates an analysis of Tufts Energy’s second argument that is grounded on article 1772, which reads: “A condition is regarded as fulfilled when it is not fulfilled because of the fault of a party with an interest contrary to the fulfillment.” Tufts Energy argues that the fulfillment of section 13 of the agreement was frustrated by CTR-LP through the actions of Albert Crutcher in his capacity as the “designated officer” of CTR-LP.
The responsible party, arguing on behalf of CTR-Inc. and CTR-LP, contends that CTR-LP did not frustrate the fulfillment of section 13. Rather, the argument put forth in defense of CTR-LP is that initially it was never asked to develop performance criteria, and that even had it wanted to develop criteria, it was prevented from doing so by David Tufts’ refusal to provide certain data related to the G & A expenses incurred by Tufts Energy in the course of performing its duties under the management agreement. The responsible party argues that this data was critical to the ability of CTR-LP to assess Tufts Energy’s performance and develop appropriate performance criteria under section 13. The language in section 13 as to the actual cost of the G & A expense was added at the request of Albert Crutcher because he thought the $800,000 annual figure was too high for the G & A payment and wanted CTR-LP to analyze the G & A payment before agreeing to additional compensation for Tufts Energy.
David Tufts and Robert Tufts both testified that they raised the issue of the devel
Albert Crutcher testified that on February 19, 2002 he requested data related to the G & A expenses from David Tufts so that an evaluation of that data could be made. This request was explained as an attempt to begin discussing the performance criteria in accordance with the provision of section 13 that required any performance criteria to be developed “giving due consideration to the amount of the G & A Payment as compared to the Manager’s actual costs of rendering the services pursuant to this Agreement.” In stark contrast to the lack of written evidence on the part of Tufts Energy to support its contentions, Albert Crutcher points to both a letter he wrote requesting the data,
Tufts Energy contends that because Albert Crutcher had an interest in an entity that was a limited partner in CTR-LP, he had an interest contrary to enabling Tufts Energy to earn a limited partnership interest in CTR-LP. Tufts Energy contends that if it were allowed to earn a 25% interest in the partnership, the interests of Albert Crutcher would be reduced, and this led to his opposition to any attempts
Charges of conflicting interest on the part of Albert Crutcher do not come well from David Tufts. He was a member of the board of CTR-Inc., as well as its president and assistant secretary; he too had an indirect limited partnership interest in CTR-LP.
To now complain that Albert Crutcher, acting on behalf of CTR-LP, frustrated the development of mutually acceptable performance criteria because he had a personal interest contrary to the development of those criteria is a rather disingenuous argument. That Tufts Energy has been so unwilling to provide meaningful information to CTR-LP and the CTR-Inc. board of directors both prior to and after the execution of the management agreement does not help its argument. Conjecture about how Albert Crutcher may have had an interest adverse to Tufts Energy because he did not want his limited partnership interest in CTR-LP diluted is not evidence of an adverse interest. Tufts Energy introduced no evidence to support these contentions, and thus, did not carry its burden of proof.
The court finds that by requesting the G & A expenses in order to conduct an examination of the actual expenses of Tufts Energy with respect to its performance of
The court finds that Tufts Energy, as the party seeking to prove frustration, carried the burden of proof. The court further finds that Tufts Energy failed to carry this burden. While it is possible that Albert Crutcher did defer or even refuse to discuss performance criteria with David Tufts, the only evidence to show that is the testimony of David and Robert Tufts. Their statements were vague and uncertain as to the times that David Tufts requested such a discussion and were contradicted by testimony from Fred Tufts, Albert Crutcher and James Reiss. The documents entered into evidence at trial do not reflect that David Crutcher requested and Albert Crutcher refused to discuss the performance criteria. Rather, they show that Albert Crutcher requested G & A information from David Tufts and did not receive it. As section 13 is written, the parties were to consider that information when discussing performance criteria. To request the information required to make a reasoned decision involving the finances of CTR-LP is not an attempt to frustrate a condition, rather it is good business judgment. David Tufts appears to have let his interest in Tufts Energy conflict with his role as president and director of CTR-Inc., in that he had a fiduciary responsibility to that entity that he appears to have forgotten in his haste to benefit Tufts Energy.
III. Conclusion
For the reason expressed above, the court finds that section 13 of the management agreement is a valid suspensive condition. Further the court finds that the evidence does not support a finding that the fulfillment of that condition was frustrated by either Crutcher-Tufts Resources, L.P. or Crutcher-Tufts Resources, Inc., or that Albert Crutcher in his capacity as the designated representative of CTR-LP acted to frustrate the fulfillment of section 13.
. CTR-Inc. is owned by the J. David Tufts, III and Claudia Liberto Tufts Children's Trust (200 shares), the JDT/RGT Family Trust (400 shares) and the 241 Trust (400 shares). The limited partners of CTR-LP are Tufts Oil & Gas, L.P., Crutcher Oil & Gas-III, L.P., JDT/ CLT Family Trust, GPH/LTH Family Trust, Succession of Penelope Becker, Priscilla Eaves Reiss, John Crutcher, Michael E. Ro-dan, Cathy Rodan Bowman, Charles A. Dobie, Dennis E. Weiss and Cruteher-Tufts Resources, Inc.
. Trial Exhibit 122.
. Id at p. 4.
. Only Fred Tufts, David Tufts brother, voted against the resolution authorizing the agreement.
. David Tufts abstained from the board's vote because of his interest in Tufts Energy, the counter-party to the contract. He also was not able to act as the president of CTR-LP for purposes of executing the contract because of his interest in Tufts Energy.
. Trial Exhibit 122 at page 6.
. Crutcher v. Tufts, 898 So.2d 529 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2005).
.Trial Exhibit 122 at page 8.
. Order dated May 12, 2005 (P-161).
. The parties initially framed the issue as a determination of whether or not the condition was simply or purely potestative, and it was only after the court ruled to set the issues for trial that the parties began referencing the new Civil Code articles.
. Pursuant to Acts 1984, No. 331 § 1, effective January 1, 1985, Title III of Book III of the Louisiana Civil Code of 1870, "Of Obligations” was revised.
.LSA C.C. Art. 1767: “A conditional obligation is one dependant on an uncertain event. If the obligation may not be enforced until the uncertain event occurs, the condition is suspensive. If the obligation may be immediately enforced but will come to an end when the uncertain event occurs, the condition is resolutory.”
. LSA C.C. Art.2022 (1870).
. LSA C.C. Art.2024 (1870).
. LSA C.C. Art.2035 (1870): "The last preceding article is limited to potestative conditions, which make the obligation depend solely on the exercise of the obligor’s will; but if the condition be, that the obligor shall do or not do a certain act, although the doing or not doing of the act depends on the will of the obligor, yet the obligation depending on such condition, is not void.”
. See LSA C.C. Art. 1770: "A suspensive condition that depends solely on the whim of the obligor makes the obligation null. A reso-lutory condition that depends solely on the will of the obligor must be fulfilled in good faith.”
. See LSA C.C. Art. 1770 comment (e).
. LSA C.C. Art. 1770 comment (d).
. As noted above, David Tufts, although president of CTR-Inc., was not able to represent CTR-LP with respect to the management agreement because of his conflicted position as the owner of Tufts Energy.
. Trial Exhibit 187.
. Trial Exhibit 196.
.The February 19, 2002 letter, Exhibit 187, was the first of three written requests by Mr. Crutcher for the data. See letters of March 15, 2002, Exhibit 201, and January 14, 2003, Exhibit 216.
. Hessler, Inc. v. Farrell, 226 A.2d 708 (Del. 1967).
. David Tufts was also the trustee of certain trusts described in footnote 1 and owed a fiduciary duty to the beneficiaries to prevent an unearned issuance of an equity interest in CTR-LP that diluted the percentage of equity interest owned by the trusts.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- In re CRUTCHER-TUFTS RESOURCES, INC., Debtor. In re Crutcher Tufts Resources, L.P., Debtor. Trevor G. Bryan, as Responsible Party of Crutcher-Tufts Resources, Inc. and Crutcher-Tufts Resources, L.P. v. Tufts Oil & Gas-III, L.P.
- Status
- Published