Wimberly v. Harvey Gulf International Marine, LLC
Wimberly v. Harvey Gulf International Marine, LLC
Opinion of the Court
ORDER AND REASONS
Before the Court is a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment pursuant to Fed. R.Civ.P. 56 by Harvey Gulf International Marine, LLC. (“Harvey Gulf’).
IT IS ORDERED that Defendant’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 56 is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.
Cause of Action and Facts of Case:
This action arises under 46 U.S.C. '§ 30104, the Jones Act, and the General Maritime Laws.
In order to be hired by Abdon Calíais in January, 2013, Wimberly submitted to a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and physical capacity test.
Upon purchasing Abdon Calíais, Harvey' Gulf hired Wimberly, and on November 19, 2013, required him to fill out a post-hire medical questionnaire.
On approximately January 2, 2014, Wim-berly worked aboard the M/V HARVEY SAINT, when he suffered severe and excruciating injuries to his -back, neck and other parts of his body, allegedly as a result of negligence on the part of the Defendant, its employees and/or the unseaworthiness of the vessel.
On May 28, 2014, Wimberly brought this suit against Harvey Gulf.
On August 4th, 2015, Harvey Gulf filed the instant motion for partial summary judgment on Wimberly’s claim for maintenance and cure benefits, urging that because Wimberly misrepresented his past medical history with respect to issues regarding his neck, back, and history of depression, his claims for maintenance and cure benefits should be dismissed on the basis of the McCorpen defense.
Law and Analysis:
I. Standard of Review
Summary Judgment is warranted when “the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986); Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). A genuine issue of material fact exists “if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). To determine if a party is entitled to summary judgment, the Court views the facts in a light most favorable to the non-moving party. U.S. v. Dennis, 115 F.3d 524, 533 (7th Cir. 1997); The Court will consider all the evidence but will avoid “making credibility determinations or weighing the evidence.” Turner v. Baylor Richardson Medical Center, 476 F.3d 337, 343 (5th Cir. 2007) (citing Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 150, 120 S.Ct. 2097, 147 L.Ed.2d 105 (2000)). To defeat summary judgment, conclusory allegations, unsubstantiated assertions, or “only a scintilla of evidence” will not suffice. Id. (citing Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1994)).
The initial burden rests upon the moving party to inform the court of the basis for the motion and the portion of the record which reflect the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 332, 106 S.Ct. 2548. If the moving party meets their initial burden, the burden is then shifted to the non-moving party to offer evidence and specific facts showing that a genuine issue of material fact exists. Celtic Marine Corp. v. James C. Justice Companies, Inc., 760 F.3d 477, 481 (5th Cir. 2014).
II. Analysis
Harvey Gulf contends that because Wimberly concealed and misrepresented material medical facts pertaining to his history of back pain, neck pain, and depression, and is therefore precluded from receiving maintenance and cure benefits pursuant to McCorpen v. Central Gulf S.S. Corp., 396 F.2d 547, 548-49 (5th Cir. 1968).
The U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in McCorpen, determined that an employer’s obligation of maintenance and cure is eliminated if a seamen intentionally conceals or fails to disclose past illness or injury to an employer who required the seamen to submit a pre-hiring medical examination or interview. McCorpen, 396 F.2d at 548-49.
The U.S. Fifth Circuit set forth three elements an employer or shipowner must prove to establish a McCorpen defense: (1) the seaman intentionally misrepresented or concealed facts, (2) the omitted facts were material to the employer’s hiring decision, (3) a causal connection between the prior injury or ailment and the present injury in the complaint. Id.
Concealment
Harvey Gulf asserts that because Wim-berly (1) did not circle “Y” for yes in back pain and neck pain sections of the Abdon Calíais pre-hire medical questionnaire, (2) did not check yes to the questions on back and neck trouble in the Harvey Gulf post-hire medical questionnaire, and (3) did not further explain as instructed his affirmative answer to the Harvey Gulf post-hire medical questionnaire’s question about experiencing back pain, Wimberly intentionally concealed prior medical facts thereby forfeiting his right to maintenance and cure.
The Fifth Circuit in McCorpen held, “where the shipowner requires a seaman to submit to a pre-hiring, medical examination or interview and the seaman intentionally misrepresents or conceals material medical facts, the disclosure of which is plainly desired, then he is not entitled to an award of maintenance and cure.” Id. at 549. The intentional concealment prong of the McCorpen defense is an “essentially” objective inquiry where the employer “need only show that the seaman ‘[f]ail[ed] to disclose medical information in an interview or questionnaire that is obviously designed to elicit such information’ ”. Meche v. Doucet, 777 F.3d 237, 247 (5th Cir. 2015) (quoting Vitovich v. Ocean Rover O.N., No. 94-35047, 106 F.3d 411, 1997 WL 21205, at *3 (9th Cir. Jan. 14, 1997)); see also Brown v. Parker Drilling Offshore Corp., 410 F.3d 166, 176 (5th Cir. 2005).
Furthermore, the Fifth Circuit established in Meche, when an employer buys another company and re-hires the former company’s employees, the new employer may rely upon the previously acquired employee medical forms because “an intervening asset sale does not automatically relieve a seaman from the consequences of his or her prior intentional concealment of material medical information.” Meche, 777 F.3d at 246. This rule only applies when a company purchases another and retains the employees of the purchased business. Id.
Wimberly argues that because he answered yes to “[d]o you have frequent or occasional back pain?[,]” he did not conceal any prior disability and the McCorpen defense does not apply here.
In regards to Harvey Gulfs allegation that Wimberly misrepresented his history of depression, the evidence clearly contradicts this allegation and shows full disclosure of Wimberly’s bout of depression over the death of his son as reflected in his explanation contained in Harvey Gulfs medical questionnaire.
The evidence, even viewed in a light most favorable to the non-movant, does not support Wimberly’s contention that he did not have recurring back and neck injuries or chronic disability. The record reflects, in regards to his history of neck problems, Wimberly himself related to Dr. Ferguson at Bert Fish Medical Center in 2010 that he suffered from chronic neck pain due to “degenerative joint disease in his neck where he suffers from severe radiculopathy. He occasionally. takes Lortab for flareups, however he has not had a flareup in awhile.”
Wimberly claims his back pain was always temporary thus did not amount to “back trouble”.
Wimberly’s back problem may not have been consistently disabling, but even when viewed as a series of back strains the argument fails. A history of pulled muscles and a sore back in Brown v. Parker Drilling Corp. amounted to “back trouble” in the eyes of the Fifth Circuit. Brown v. Parker Drilling Offshore Corp., 410 F.3d 166, 172 (5th Cir. 2005). The defendant in Brown admitted his understanding that his problems with back sprains and soreness
This Court need not conclusively determine whether this is a Meche case or not. The Harvey Gulf post-hire medical questionnaire affords sufficient evidence to rule upon summary judgment. Failure to truthfully answer medical questions or expound upon a condition when requested by the employer in a medical questionnaire test can forfeit a seaman’s right to maintenance and cure. See Lett v. Omega Protein, Inc., 487 Fed.Appx. 839, 848-49 (5th Cir. 2012) (holding that a seaman who was treated with pain pills for neck pain two months prior to employment, intentionally concealed a disability when he was responded “no” to the question about neck pain on his medical form); Ladnier v. REC Marine Logistics, L.L.C., Civ. Action No. 14-1278, 2015 WL 3824382, at *3-4 (E.D.La. June 19, 2015) (finding that a seaman intentionally concealed a disability when he answered no to having injuries to certain body parts and yes to arthritis without further explaining answers as requested when he was prior diagnosed with a shoulder impingement).
In the case at hand, Wimberly’s tepid admission of frequent back pain without explanation and his denial of back and neck trouble is similar to the plaintiff in Ladnier’s tepid admission of arthritis absent further explanation of the shoulder diagnosis or answering shoulder-related injury questions truthfully. Despite a lengthy admission to his doctor of back and neck related problems beginning in at least 2006, he declined to offer that information to Harvey Gulf or Abdon Calíais in light their specific inquiries. Furthermore, by not reporting any back pain whatsoever to Abdon Calíais only six months after being treated extensively for and diagnosed with a lower back strain and compression fracture, Wimberly further lends evidence of objective intent to conceal the information from Harvey Gulf. However, Wimberly stated in his deposition that he was unaware of the LI compression fracture until discovery during the instant suit.
After review of the medical records and prior precedent, there is no genuine issue of fact regarding the concealment element. Harvey Gulf has carried its burden for summary judgment on Wimberly’s misrepresentations of his neck and back conditions but not his history of depression.
Materiality
The second prong of the McCorpen defense requires the defendant to show the plaintiffs misrepresentations were material to Harvey Gulfs hiring decision. See Brown v. Parker Drilling Offshore Corp., 410 F.3d 166, 171 (5th Cir. 2005) (citing McCorpen, 396 F.2d at 547).
In the case at hand, the Defendant clearly established this element. Harvey Gulf and Abdon Calíais asked a specific medical question about applicants’ history of injury to the back and neck, which, as reflected in declarations from Abdon Cal-íais and Harvey Gulf employees, is directly related to the duties required of a deckhand.
Wimberly does not contest the materiality of the questions, however he argues that Harvey Gulf ignored that Wimberly worked for Abdon Calíais for a year without incident and that he passed Abdon Callais’s physical examination and physical capabilities test.
Causal Connection
Harvey Gulf argues that a causal connection exists between Wimberly’s pri- or injuries and present injuries because the injuries both occurred in his back and neck. In order to establish a McCorpen defense, the defense must demonstrate that “a causal link between the pre-exist-ing disability that was concealed and the disability incurred during the voyage.” McCorpen, 396 F.2d at 549. The Fifth Circuit has held that the present injury need not be “identical” to the previous injury, nor must the previous injury be the “sole cause” to establish a causal relationship. Brown, 410 F.3d at 176; Johnson v. Cenac Towing, 599 F.Supp.2d 721, 728-29 (E.D.La. March 2, 2009) (“a successful McCorpen defendant need not submit any proof that the plaintiffs omission cause the injury. Rather, the McCorpen defense will succeed if the defendant can prove that the old injury and the new injury affected the same body part”).
The record reflects that Wimberly’s present back injury consists of “moderate degenerative disc disease and spon-dylosis at the L4-5 and L5-S1 levels with central annular tear at both levels ... [and] chronic-appearing moderate T12 compression frature[,]” in addition, an MRI showed “annular tear with disc pathology at two levels, including L5/Sl[.]”
Wimberly contends that the prior issues with his back were primarily back strains and were not serious therefore not causally related to his current disc problems.
In Brown, a seaman argued that causality was not present where his prior injury was a lumbar strain and current injury was a herniated disc in the same area; however, the Fifth Circuit found no merit in his argument and held that because both injuries were to the same area of the lumbar spine, causality existed. Brown, 410 F.3d at 176. Similarly, Wimberly’s prior symptoms and diagnosis of back sprain, compression fracture, and mild multilevel spondylosis
Wimberly does not offer evidence to show a genuine issue of the facts concerning the lumbar location of the prior injuries or the prior injuries and issues in his neck. Therefore, Harvey Gulf has carried their burden to show there is no genuine issue of material fact and to satisfy summary judgment in regards to the causality element of the McCorpen defense.
Conclusion
After review of the facts, record, and relevant law IT IS ORDERED That the Defendant’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 56 is GRANTED in part as to maintenance and cure for Plaintiffs back and neck claims- and DENIED in part as to maintenance and cure for Plaintiffs depression claim.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24.
. Rec. Doc. No. 25.
. Rec. Doc. No. 27; Rec. Doc. No. 29-1.
. Rec. Doc. No. 1 at 1.
. Rec. doc. No. 24-12 at 1; Rec. Doc. No. 25-1 at 1.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 86; Rec. Doc. No. 25-3 at 6-7; Rec. Doc. No. 25-4.
. Rec. Doc. No. 204-2 at 86.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 86.
. Rec. Doc. No. 25-3 at 7; Rec. Doc. No. 25-2.
. Rec. Doc. No. 25-4.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-6 at 1.
. Rec. Doc. No. 25-4 at 3.
. Rec. Doc. No. 25-4 at 4-5.
. Rec. Doc. No. 25-4 at 6.
. Rec. Doc. No. 20.
. Rec. Doc. No. 1.
. Rec. Doc. No. 1 at 2.
. Rec. Doc. No. 1 at 2-3.
. Rec. Doc. No. 15 at 1.
. Rec. Doc. No. 20 at 1.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-1 at 1.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-1.
. Rec. Doc. No. 25.
. Id.
. See Rec. Doc. No. 25-4 at 6, Wimberly did not check "Yes” to having been diagnosed with depression in the earlier section, however he fully described the diagnosis in the explanation section when he stated "[ajfter son died diagnosed with depression!.]” thereby fully disclosing the prior medical history relating to his depression.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 63, Though Wimberly rightly contends that he did not complain of neck pain on that occasion (Rec. Doc. No. 25-1 at 2), his own telling of his medical history to his doctor reflects his own knowledge of his past history of neck trouble.
. See Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 63, 66.
. Rec. Doc. No. 25-3 at 3; Rec. doc. No. 25 at 9.
. See Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 81, Wimberly notes the ladder fall was "at least four to five years ago”; See Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 63-84.
. See Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 75, 81, 84, 85.
. See Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 75, 81, 84, 85.
. See Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 86.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 31.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 81.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-6 at 2; Rec. Doc. No. 24-5 at 2.
. Id.
. Rec. Doc. No. 25-1 at 1-3.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-9 at 5, "3/2014 MRI lumbar spine”; Rec. Doc. No. 24-8 at 12, dated April 16, 2014.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 10.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 8, "Deposition of Martin Wimberly”.
. Rec. Doc. 24-2 at 64, "Bert Fish Medical Center ... REVIEW OF SYSTEMS” dated September 27, 2010; Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 66, "Bert Fish Medical Center ... REVIEW OF SYSTEMS”, dated December 10, 2010.
. Rec. Doc. 24-2 at 69, "Bert Fish Medical Center ... Chief Complaint; Back Pain”, dated January 3, 2012; Rec. Doc. No. 24-2, “Bert Fish Medical Center ... Primary Impression: Back Pain”, dated January 12, 2012.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 75 "Bert Fish Medical Center ... Musculoskeletal Symptoms Back Pain”, dated May 12, 2012.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 81.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 75, “Bert Fish Medical Center ... HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS”, dated June 24, 2012; Rec. Doc. No. 24-4.
. See Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 75, 81.
. See Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 75-79, Rec. Doc. No. 24-4, Rec. Doc. 24-9 at 5, Present T12 compression fracture is vertebrae directly adjacent to prior LI fracture, L4-5 and L5-S1 disc issues are both located in lower back; Rec. Doc. No 24-8 at 8, Present disc indents at LI is on the same LI vertebrae that was fractured.
. Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 76.
. Rec. Doc. No. 25-5 at 15; Rec. Doc. No. 24 — 2 at 76.
. See Rec. Doc. No. 24-8 at 16; See Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 63.
. See Rec. Doc. No. 24-2 at 63.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Martin WIMBERLY v. HARVEY GULF INTERNATIONAL MARINE, LLC
- Cited By
- 5 cases
- Status
- Published