BW Offshore USA, LLC v. TVT Offshore
BW Offshore USA, LLC v. TVT Offshore
Opinion of the Court
ORDER AND REASONS
Before the Court aré Third Party Defendant Petrolis SA’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 49) and Defendant TVT Offshore AS’s Motion for Summary Judg-mént (Doc. 50). For the following reasons, these motions are DENIED.
BACKGROUND
I. Factual Background -
This consolidated action involves personal injury claims
Pursuant to, the MSA, BW requested TVT provide qualified riggers and rope access technicians for an umbilical pull-in and to change the boarding shut-down valves (“BSDVs”) on the BW PIONEER. In turn, TVT asked Petrolis to provide these workers per the terms of the Agreement. Plaintiff Louis de Jager, was contracted to fill one of the spots on a rope access technician and rigger team. While the team was. detaching and lowering a “spool piece” for the BSDV assembly, the spool piece fell to the deck, crushing de Jager’s leg, which was traumatically amputated.
II. Procedural History
De Jager filed suit for personal injuries in Louisiana state court, naming BW as defendant. That action was removed to the Middle District of Louisiana and subsequently transferred to this Court. After removal, de Jager amended his complaint to add TVT as a defendant. Separately, BW filed -suit against TVT in this Court, seeking indemnity and alleging that TVT
LEGAL STANDARD
Summary judgment is appropriate “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file; together with affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as. a matter of law.”
In determining whether the movant is entitled to summary judgment, the Court views facts in the light most favorable to the non-movant and draws all reasonable inferences in his favor,
LAW AND ANALYSIS
Petrolis and TVT have both filed motions for summary judgment seeking dismissal of the contractual indemnity'claims against them. They argue that the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) requires the Court to apply Louisiana law to the contracts at issue. They further argue, based on an application' of Louisiana law, that the Louisiana Oilfield Indemnity Act (“LOIA”) nullifies the indemnity provisions of their respective contracts as contrary to public policy. TVT also 'alleges that the MSA is not enforceable due to its vagueness. Petrolis opposes .both Motions, arguing that maritime law governs this dispute. TVT opposes Petrolis’s Motion, arguing that, though Louisiana law applies, Petrolis’s duty to indemnify is not barred by the LOIA. These motions turn
Under OCSLA, three conditions must be met for adjacent state law to apply as a surrogate to federal law: “(1) The controversy must arise on a situs covered by OCSLA (i.e. the subsoil, seabed, or artificial structures permanently or temporarily attached thereto). (2) Federal maritime law must not apply of its own force. (3) The state law must not be inconsistent with Federal law.”
I. Vessel Status of the BW PIONEER
Both Petrolis and TVT argue that the BW PIONEER is not a vessel. “The word ‘vessel’ includes every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water.”
Longstanding precedent in this circuit establishes that mobile offshore drilling units are vessels under general maritime law.
There is no disagreement among the parties regarding the characteristics of the BW PIONEER. The parties disagree, however, as to whether these features qualify it as vessel. In examining these characteristics, the Court finds that the BW PIONEER bears even more resemblance to the traditional notions of a vessel than the structures at issue in the above cases. It is “ship shaped” and built on the base of a converted oil tanker.
Movants cite the Court to several cases involving spars in support of their argument that FPSOs such as the BW OFFSHORE are not a vessels. Spars are large oil production platforms that float on the ocean’s surface but are moored to large anchors in the seabed. Courts have repeatedly found that these structures are not vessels, citing their limited movement capabilities,- the time and expense necessary to render such a structure capable of marine transport, and the permanence of their attachment to the sea floor.
Movants also argue that the fact that the BW PIONEER has not moved from its location since 2009 should indicate to this Court that it is not a vessel. This argu
For these reasons, the Court finds that the BW PIONEER is a vessel.
II. Applicability of State Law Through OCSLA
Having found that the BW PIONEER is a vessel, the Court must apply that determination in analyzing whether state law applies to this dispute. As noted above, under OCSLA, three conditions must be met for adjacent state law to apply as a surrogate to federal law: “(1) The controversy must arise on a situs covered by OCSLA (i.e. the subsoil, seabed, or artificial structures permanently or temporarily attached thereto). (2) Federal maritime law must not apply of its own force. (3) The state law must not be inconsistent with Federal law.”
A contract is maritime if it has a “genuinely salty flavor.”
1) what does the specific work order in effect at the time of injury provide? 2) what work did the crew assigned under the work order actually do? 3) was the crew assigned to work aboard a vessel in navigable waters; 4) to what extent did ' the work being done relate to the mission of that vessel? 5) what was the principal work- of the- injured worker? and 6) what work was the injured worker actually doing at the time of injury?35
Historically, the jurisprudence has established that “[o]il and gas drilling on navigable waters aboard a vessel is recognized to be maritime commerce.”
The Davis factors further support a finding that the contracts are maritime in nature. The first factor requires the Court to consider the work order in effect at the time of the contract. BW’s work order to TVT for the time of the incident requests riggers to “assist on changing the BSDV aboard the BW. PIONEER.”
Under the second factor the Court must analyze what work was actually performed by the crew assigned under the contract. It is undisputed that the crew was assigned to perform oil and gas services aboard a vessel, an activity that courts have found to be maritime.
Third, the Court must look to whether the crew was assigned to work aboard a vessel in navigable waters. It is undisputed that the crew was assigned to work aboard the BW PIONEER in the navigable waters of the Gulf of Mexico. As discussed extensively above, the BW PIONEER is a vessel. This factor is therefore indicative of the maritime nature of the contract.
The fourth factor asks the Court to consider to what extent the work being done related to the mission of the vessel. The record is clear that the work involved an umbilical-pull-in, a task essential to the vessel’s continued oil- and gas operations. The work performed therefore related to the mission of the vessel.-
The fifth factor directs the Court to consider the principal work of the injured worker. The record indicates that the principal work of de Jager was to work as a “rope access supervisor”, aboard the vessel. This factor further indicates that the contract is maritime in nature;
The sixth and final factor directs the Court to consider what work the injured worker was performing at the time of the injury. The record indicates that de Jager was working on deck when the incident occurred. The record does not, however, indicate precisely what de Jager was doing on deck at the time of the incident. Even assuming that this factor would militate in favor of finding the contracts to be land-based, this is insufficient to overcome the fact that the remaining factors indicate that the contracts are maritime in nature.
The analysis of these factors indicates that the MSA and the Agreement are maritime in nature. Because maritime law applies of its own force, state law cannot apply through OCSLA. The LOIA is therefore inapplicable to this suit, and cannot be'used as a basis to nullify the indemnity agreements in the contracts.
III. The MSA is not. “Hopelessly Vague”
Finally, in its Motion, TVT argues that the MSA is hopelessly vague and ambiguous and cannot be enforced as a matter of
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Petrolis’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 49) and TVT’s Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 50) are DENIED.
. The personal injury claims have settled. .
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c) (2012).
. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986).
. Coleman v. Houston Indep. Sch. Dist., 113 F.3d 528 (5th Cir. 1997).
. Engstrom v. First Nat'l Bank of Eagle Lake, 47 F.3d 1459, 1462 (5th Cir. 1995).
. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986).
. Johnson v. Deep E. Tex. Reg. Narcotics Trafficking Task Force, 379 F.3d 293, 301 (5th Cir. 2004) (internal citations omitted).
. Badon v. R J R Nabisco, Inc., 224 F.3d 382, 394 (5th Cir. 2000) (quoting Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1994)).
. Boudreaux v. Banctec, Inc., 366 F.Supp.2d 425, 430 (E.D.La. 2005).
. Union Texas Petroleum Corp. v. PLT Eng’g, Inc., 895 F.2d 1043, 1047 (5th Cir. 1990).
. See Grand Isle Shipyard, Inc. v. Seacor Marine, LLC, 589 F.3d 778, 789 n. 9 (5th Cir. 2009).
. Id.
. See Theriot v. Bay Drilling Corp., 783 F.2d 527, 538 (5th Cir. 1986) ("A principal determinant is the relation the contract ‘bears to the ship____ A contract relating to a ship in its use as such, or to commerce ... is subject to maritime law.' ”).
. 1 U.S.C. § 3.
. Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach, Fla., — U.S. —, 133 S.Ct. 735, 741, 184 L.Ed.2d 604 (2013).
. Stewart v. Dutra Const. Co., 543 U.S. 481, 496, 125 S.Ct. 1118, 160 L.Ed.2d 932 (2005).
. Lozman, 133 S.Ct. at 742.
. In re Oil Spill by the Oil Rig Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico, on Apr. 20, 2010, 808 F.Supp.2d 943, 949 (E.D.La. 2011) aff'd sub nom. In re DEEPWATER HORIZON, 745 F.3d 157 (5th Cir. 2014).
. 266 F.2d 769, 779 (5th Cir. 1959).
. Demette v. Falcon Drilling Co., 280 F.3d 492, 498, n. 18 (5th Cir. 2002) overruled on other grounds by Grand Isle Shipyard, Inc. v. Seacor Marine, LLC, 589 F.3d 778 (5th Cir. 2009). A jack-up rig has legs that can be lowered into the seabed. Once the legs are
. In re Oil Spill by the Oil Rig Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico, on Apr. 20, 2010, 808 F.Supp.2d 943, 950 (E.D.La. 2011) aff'd sub nom. In re DEEPWATER HORIZON, 745 F.3d 157 (5th Cir. 2014).
. Doc.49-5.
. Doc.49-6.
. See Stewart, 543 U.S. 481, 496, 125 S.Ct. 1118 (2005) (holding that the Super Scoop used to dig a tunnel in Boston Harbor was a vessel, despite having excavation as its primary function).
. See, e.g., Fields v. Pool Offshore, Inc., 182 F.3d 353, 358 (5th Cir. 1999); Warrior Energy Servs. Corp. v. ATP Titan M/V, 551 Fed.Appx. 749, 752 (5th Cir. 2014); Mendez v. Anadarko Petroleum Corp., 466 Fed.Appx. 316, 319 (5th Cir. 2012).
. Mendez v. Anadarko Petroleum Corp., 466 Fed.Appx. 316, 319 (5th Cir. 2012).
. Id.
. Demette, 280 F.3d at n.18.
. Id.
. Union Texas Petroleum Corp. v. PLT Eng’g, Inc., 895 F.2d 1043, 1047 (5th Cir. 1990).
. See Grand Isle Shipyard, Inc. v. Seacor Marine, LLC, 589 F.3d 778, 789 n. 9 (5th Cir. 2009).
. Kossick v. United Fruit Co., 365 U.S. 731, 742, 81 S.Ct. 886, 6 L.Ed.2d 56 (1961)
. Davis & Sons, Inc. v. Gulf Oil Corp., 919 F.2d 313, 316 (5th Cir. 1990).
. Id. at 315.
. Id at 316.
. Theriot v. Bay Drilling Corp. 783 F.2d 527, 538-39 (5th Cir. 1986). See also In re Oil Spill by the Oil Rig Deepwater Horizon, 808 F.Supp.2d at 951 (holding that the operations of the DEEPWATER HORIZON bore a substantial relationship to-traditional maritime activity).
.See, e.g., Thibodeaux v. Vamos Oil & Gas Co., 487 F.3d 288, 294 (5th Cir. 2007) (holding that MSA to provide workers on an inland drilling barge was a maritime contract); Lewis v. Glendel Drilling Co., 898 F.2d 1083, 1086 (5th Cir. 1990) (holding that a contract to supply offshore drilling services need not specifically reference a vessel to be maritime).
. Doc. 49-13.
. See, e.g., Thibodeaux, 487 F.3d at 294.
. Doc 49-8 ¶ 11.2.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- BW OFFSHORE USA, LLC v. TVT OFFSHORE AS
- Cited By
- 1 case
- Status
- Published