delivered the opinion of the court. The plaintiffs insured in the defendants’ office their goods on a voyage, from New-Orleans to Key West and Havana, on a valued policy, to the amount of S5000. When near Key West, the vessel encountered a gale, in which a considerable part of the cargo was *662damaged; and the captain thought it necessary to proceed directly to the Havana, where the flour was sold: and the reduction of the price on the damaged flour, and expenses, induced the plaintiffs to abandon and claim the sum insured on a total loss. They had a judgment, and the defendants appealed.

The points insisted on in this court, are:

1. That the plaintiffs had not on board goods to the amount of the sum insured;

2. A deviation;

3. That the defendants are liable for a partial loss only, which they have ever been ready to pay.

I. The defendants admit, the plaintiffs had on board 953 barrels of flour, worth $3613. In Hodgson vs. Marine Insurance Company, 5 Cranch, 110, the supreme court of the United States held, that if a ship was valued at $10,000 and $8000 insured, the contract would not be avoided on proof that she was really worth $3000 only. The object of the valuation is, to prevent any future contest, and unless there be fraud, the party must be bound by a valuation he has assented to. The *663price staled was the cost ot the flour, which 1 ' . subsequent charges must have increased. A valuation, which would be very high at the beginning of the risk, may be very low in a subsequent period, when great additional expenses have been incurred in the transportation of it. Phillips on Insurance, p. 307.

II. It is clear, that if the vessel had unnecessarily proceeded to the Havana, without first going to Key West, this would be a deviation ; but in the present case, the damages sustained by the vessel during the gale, rendered it necessary to abandon the intended voyage to Key West, at least for the moment: the testimony, we think, fairly establishes this fact.

III. The plea that the defendants are liable for a partial loss only, and not for a total one, seems a waiver of the preceding means of defence : for, if there were fraud in the valuation, or a deviation in the voyage, the insurers would not be liable to any loss, partial or total. The loss in the present case, is a total one, because the intended voyage to Key West has been necessarily abandoned, and has failed. Phillips on Insurance, p. 390.

Lastly, it was urged in this court, though *664not stilled i» the pleadings, that íiour )⅛ n , memorandum article. There is actually a memorandum at the foot of this policy, and fi°ur >s n°t expressly mentioned in it: whether j||je |nciUi|et3 under the words, “ all other ar-'tides that are perishable in their nature,” is a point which we have not thought ourselves at liberty to inquire into. It was certainly waived by the admission, that the defendants were liable for a partial loss ; which may have prevented the plaintiffs from introducing evidence of the usage in the port.

It is therefore ordered, adjudged and decreed, that the judgment of the district court be affirmed, with costs.