Semple Truck Rental & Leasing, Inc. v. P & B Wholesalers, Inc.
Semple Truck Rental & Leasing, Inc. v. P & B Wholesalers, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
The plaintiff rented a truck to the corporate defendant, whose driver, Greenburg, negligently drove it under (or, more accurately, attempted to drive it under) a low bridge on Storrow Drive in Boston. It cost the plaintiff $3,500 to replace the damaged truck body. A judge sitting in the Superior Court under St. 1976, c. 303, trying the case without a jury, ordered judgment to be entered in that amount against Greenburg, based on his negligence, and against the corporate defendant, based on the principle of
The principal issue argued in the appeal (and the only one which warrants discussion) is that the defendants, under the law in effect at the time of the collision, enjoyed an immunity from tort liability regarding damage to the truck. The collision occurred in June, 1976, when the so called “no-fault property damage law,” G. L. c. 90, § 340, as amended through St. 1976, c. 1, § 1, was still in effect.
Subject to exceptions not here material (see G. L. c. 90, § 1A; Chipman v. Massachusetts Bay Transp. Authy., 366 Mass. 253, 257 [1974]), § 340 made $5,000 of property protection insurance, or an equivalent liability bond, compulsory for all motor vehicles registered in the Commonwealth. Compare Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Corp. v. Bay State Truck Lease, Inc., 366 Mass. 727, 729 (1975), with Pinnick v. Cleary, 360 Mass. 1, 6 (1971). That insurance covered liability for damages caused by the insured vehicle to any class of property other than vehicles covered by property protection insurance. As to covered vehicles, the tort system was suspended. The owner of a vehicle damaged by collision who would previously have had a tort remedy against a driver exempted from liability by § 340 received no compensation for the damage unless he provided for it by his
The plaintiff relies heavily on the final sentence, quoted earlier, of the portion of § 340 creating the immunity: “This exemption from liability shall not affect tort rights and subrogation rights against persons not so exempted.” But Greenburg was unambiguously a person who was exempted, because he was an “authorized operator” of the truck and the truck fell within the phrase “any vehicle to which this section [i.e., § 340] applies.” The exemption extended to “all liability . . . for accidental . . . damage to any vehicle to which this section applies” (emphasis sup
The scheme of the no-fault property damage law was clear. If the plaintiff wished to protect its truck, it was its obligation to place insurance that would do so. It could have been protected under either the all risks option or the restricted coverage option, but it elected a deductible which left the loss unprotected. Section 340 was explicit on the point that the tort exemption stood, regardless of the deductible option chosen by the policyholder.
It follows that neither Greenburg nor the corporate defendant can be held in tort to answer for the loss. Nevertheless, the corporate defendant, as part of the written rental agreement, obligated itself to pay for “all overhead damages,” and no reason is advanced why it should not be held liable on its agreement. No amendment of the complaint is necessary: it sounded in contract, based on the written agreement. Doubtless the reason the judge did not address himself to the contract claim was that it seemed superfluous, given his sustaining of the tort claim; but his findings, combined with the rental agreement itself, which is part of the record, show that judgment against the corporate defendant is required on contract principles. No argument was advanced, here or below, that Greenburg could be found liable on the agreement. Accordingly we do not consider that possibility.
The judgment, in so far as it applies to Greenburg, is reversed, and the action is to be dismissed as to him. The judgment, in so far as it applies to P & B Wholesalers, Inc., is affirmed.
So ordered.
The no-fault property damage law was repealed by St. 1976, c. 266, § 7, effective January 1, 1977.
There were several specific situations, not here applicable, in which the insured could collect on the restricted coverage option: these included cases where the insured vehicle was struck in the rear by another vehicle moving in the same direction; cases in which the insured vehicle was lawfully parked and was struck by another vehicle; cases in which the operator of the vehicle causing damage to the insured vehicle was convicted, as a result of the incident, of driving while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, driving the wrong way on a one-way street, or speeding.
Despite the use of the word “car” in labeling the option, the description thereunder makes it clear that the no-coverage option was available to any motor vehicle, not only passenger cars.
The property protection insurance policy would, of course, have paid for damages Greenburg inflicted on the bridge up to the policy limit. No deductible was applicable to that coverage.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.