Whelihan v. Markowski
Whelihan v. Markowski
Opinion of the Court
One night about two months after moving into her apartment, the plaintiff went to lock the rear door to her unit. Because the door tended to stick, it had to be lifted
1. The violation. We relate the judge’s findings on the c. 93A violation. In addition to the building in which the plaintiff resided, the defendants owned other rental property and were in the residential rental business. Their property, or at least the building here in issue, was managed by Ralph McNamara, an experienced professional building manager who also managed property for the Chicopee housing authority.
Because the rear door could not be fully closed without the use of excessive force, it did not comply with the State Sanitary Code requirement that it be weathertight. See 105 Code Mass. Regs. § 410.501(B)(2) (1986). Further, and as made clear by both G. L. c. 143, § 3T, and the State Building Code, 780 Code Mass. Regs. § 857.5.6.1(1) (1980), the rear door was a “hazardous location” requiring the use of only “safety glazing material.” Any doubt about the importance of this requirement is quickly dispelled upon a reading of G. L. c. 143, § 3V, as inserted by St. 1971, c. 837, § 1: “Whoever knowingly sells, fabricates, assembles, glazes, installs, consents or causes to be installed glazing materials other than safety glazing materials in, or for use in, any hazardous location shall by punished by a fine of not less than five hundred nor more than ten thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in a jail or house of correction for not more than one year, or both. . . .”
Although the plaintiffs medical treatment was not extensive, she sustained severe lacerations to her right forearm. She has a five percent permanent disability of her right, and dominant, hand as well as scarring on her wrist and forearm. There is also an unsightly indentation where the flexor tendon of her wrist adheres to the scar on her forearm. She experiences weakness and clumsiness in her right hand which impairs her ability to perform routine and work-related activities. Previously a cosmetologist, the plaintiff was attending school at the time of trial in preparation for a career change.
2. Treble damages. Damages were trebled by the Housing Court judge on the following basis: “Where a professional building manager actually knows that he is required to make
Although the property manager might not have wished the plaintiff harm, he intentionally put glass which he knew to be windowpane glass in a door that he knew to be one of the unit’s two means of ingress and egress. Even if the risk of physical harm were not apparent to him, he would have known that the door was a hazardous location requiring use of safety glazing materials had he chosen to familiarize himself with the State Building Code.
3. The offer of settlement. Because the Housing Court judge found the violation of c. 93A to be wilful and knowing, it was necessary for him next to determine whether the defendants had limited their “maximum potential damages by making a reasonable offer of settlement,” Kohl v. Silver Lake Motors, Inc., 369 Mass. 795, 803 (1976), that is, whether the defendants tendered relief which was “reasonable in relation to the injury actually suffered.” G. L. c. 93A, § 9(3) (as inserted by St. 1969, c. 690).
In making written demand upon the defendants, the plaintiff provided far more information than that deemed essential in Cassano v. Gogos, 20 Mass. App. Ct. 348, 350-351 (1985). The injuries for which she sought treble damages,
Deciding that the information and materials then available to them did not “substantiate” the plaintiffs assertions and that “Chapter 93A is not applicable to this case,” the defendants offered the plaintiff $3,000 “in full and final settlement of this dispute.” The Housing Court judge found that the defendants “knew or should have known that the plaintiff had suffered a permanent disability for which $3,000 could hardly be viewed as fair compensation.”
There is no requirement that a demand letter be accompanied by documentation or other proof of the assertions therein made. Further, the defendants in fact had a greater opportunity for making a more informed offer than that normally provided by the thirty-day time limit for a response to a demand. As earlier noted, the plaintiffs claim under c. 93A was asserted by amendment to her complaint for negligence and breach of warranty. That complaint, which sought damages for the same injury as alleged in the additional claim, had been pending for almost a year and discovery had been ongoing. The only additional discovery obtained by the defendants after amendment of the complaint was the report of a doctor who, on the defendants’ assented-to motion, conducted an independent medical examination of the plaintiff. That report contained no new information. Rather, it repeated precisely those injuries and losses which the plaintiff had described in her demand letter.
“Whether an offer is reasonable is normally a question of fact . . . which must be determined in light of the terms of
4. Service of the demand letter. Neither of the well-established purposes of a demand letter (see Slaney v. Westwood Auto, Inc., 366 Mass. 688, 704 [1975]; York v. Sullivan, 369 Mass. 157, 162 [1975]; Spring v. Geriatric Authy. of Holyoke, 394 Mass. 274, 288 [1985]) were frustrated or compromised by the fact that the plaintiff sent her demand to the defendants, who resided in Connecticut, in care of their Massachusetts attorney, who had been active counsel of record for over ten months. We, therefore, conclude that the prerequisite to suit under c. 93A, § 9, was met.
5. Fees for the appeal. We allow the plaintiff’s request for leave to submit a petition for reasonable attorney’s fees for this appeal. The plaintiff is to file her submission with supporting materials, see Yorke Mgmt. v. Castro, 406 Mass. 17, 20 (1989), as soon as practicable. The defendants are to have twenty calendar days from the date of said filing to respond.
Judgment affirmed.
The jury awarded the plaintiff $15,000 on each of her claims, but the negligence award was reduced on the jury’s finding that she had been forty percent negligent. The Housing Court judge found the plaintiffs actual damages to be in the amount of $25,280, which he then trebled. Consistent with Wolfberg v. Hunter, 385 Mass. 390, 400-401 (1982), the judgment provided for one recovery.
The defendants make no argument in respect to the jury’s verdicts.
The parties stipulated prior to trial that all the actions of McNamara were to be considered binding upon the defendants for purposes of this action. The defendants do not dispute the Housing Court judge’s statement
The dissent disagrees with the trial judge’s description of McNamara as a “professional building manager” chargeable with knowledge that repairs must be made in compliance with the State Building Code. However, the defendants do not and cannot argue that this statement lacks evidentiary support. McNamara testified that, in addition to managing property for various private owners, he also had been the superintendent of maintenance for the Chicopee housing authority for over seventeen years. He acknowledged that, although he was aware of the fact that building repairs had to be done in compliance with the requirements of the State Building Code and the State Sanitary Code, he was familiar with neither.
There is no force to the defendants’ argument that even had he been familiar with the State Building Code, he could not have known of the need for use of safety glazing material in the door. Both G. L. c. 143, § 3T, and 780 Code Mass. Regs. § 857.5.6 (1980) make specific reference to standard ANSIZ - 97.1, the standard promulgated by the American National Standards Institute in respect to glazing material in hazardous locations.
The dissent proceeds on the basis that McNamara’s violation of c. 93A was his failure to know “all” the State Building Code requirments applicable to the repair he undertook to make and was, therefore, negligence rather than a “knowing disregard” (emphasis original). Treble damages were not, however, based upon McNamara’s failure to know that use of safety glazing material in the door was required by the State Building Code. Damages were trebled because of McNamara’s actual knowledge of the applicability of the State Building Code, the nature of the repair undertaken and the somewhat obvious risk of immediate physical harm if done incorrectly, and his decision to undertake the repair without first familiarizing himself with mandatory State Building Code requirements. “The ‘willful or knowing’ requirement of §9(3), goes not to actual knowledge of the terms of the statute, but rather to knowledge, or reckless disregard, of conditions in a rental unit which, whether the defendant knows it or not, amount to violations of the law. See Heller v. Silverbranch Constr. Corp., 376 Mass. 621, 627 (1978). Cf. Grossman v . Waltham Chemical Co., 14 Mass. App. Ct. 932, 934 (1982).” Montanez v. Bagg, 24 Mass. App. Ct. at 956.
Concurring in Part
(concurring in part and dissenting in part). Although I am in agreement, for the most part, with the majority’s opinion, I part company on the multiple damages issue. I do not think that on these facts the damages should be enhanced, let alone trebled. Granted, the owner’s building manager here had some maintenance experience and was more than a mere on-site representative, but, in my view, it is too great a stretch in these circumstances to elevate him to the
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Tracy Whelihan vs. Eugene Markowski & Another
- Cited By
- 17 cases
- Status
- Published