Schiappa v. National Marine Underwriters, Inc.
Schiappa v. National Marine Underwriters, Inc.
Opinion of the Court
This contract action was brought by Emo R. Schiappa, Jr., whose insurer, National Marine Underwriters, Inc. (National Marine), failed to pay a claim under a so-called “all risk” contract of insurance. See Standard Elec. Supply Co. v. Norfolk & Dedham Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 1 Mass. App. Ct. 762, 763-768 (1973); Mellon v. Hingham Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 19 Mass. App. Ct. 933, 934-935 (1984). After a hearing on the parties’ cross motions for summary judgment, a District Court judge granted National Marine’s motion, and judgment entered
The material facts are not disputed. In 1989, Tiger Marine (Tiger) sold a Checkmate Convicor speedboat to Schiappa. He purchased the instant policy to cover the boat, and it was in effect in November, 1991. At that time, Schiappa contracted with Tiger to leave his boat at Tiger’s boatyard for the installation of a new, more powerful engine and to find a buyer for the used one. Not much occurred during the winter months, but Schiappa did hear from Tiger that a buyer for his old engine had been found. In the summer of 1992, Schiappa discovered that his boat, still stored at Tiger’s boatyard, had been “stripped” of most of its parts.
Schiappa does not argue that Tiger converted the boat; rather, he argues that the theft of various parts by Tiger’s employees or a third person or persons amounted to larceny and that coverage for theft is available under the policy. National Marine lays stress on an exclusion in Schiappa’s policy that reads, in relevant part, “There is no coverage under any section of this policy if the unsecured yacht . . . [sustains damage d]ue to conversion, embezzlement, or secretion.” In rejecting the plaintiff’s theory and giving effect to the exclusionary language in the policy, the motion judge and the Appellate Division recognized the technical common-law distinctions between “theft” and “conversion.”
That the parts may have been stolen would not defeat, but rather support recovery, as borne out by the detailed language
We view the case in simpler terms. The plain language of the policy and the reasonable expectations of the insured may be taken into account in construing the insurance contract. See Hakim v. Massachusetts Insurers’ Insolvency Fund, 424 Mass. 275, 280-282 (1997). However, they are not decisive. See Aguiar v. Generali Assicurazioni Ins. Co., 47 Mass. App. Ct. 687, 690-691 (1999); County of Barnstable v. American Fin. Corp., 51 Mass. App. Ct. 213, 215, 217-218 (2001).
In construing “all risk” policies of insurance, “[t]he ‘risk’ comprehended [in such policy] has been characterized as: ‘a fortuitous event — a casualty.’ ” Standard Elec. Supply Co. v. Norfolk & Dedham Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 1 Mass. App. Ct. at 764 (citation omitted). See Bettigole v. American Employers Ins. Co., 30 Mass. App. Ct. 272, 274 (1991). That type of protection extends to the kind of loss that is not usually covered under other insurance. See H.R.G. Dev. Corp. v. Graphic Arts Mut. Ins. Co., 26 Mass. App. Ct. 374, 376 & n.3 (1988). See Gor-man, All Risks of Loss v. All Loss: An Examination of Broad Form Insurance Coverages, 34 Notre Dame Law. 346, 353 (1959); Kelton & Widiss, Insurance Law § 5.1(b)(1), at 462-
In this case, not only is there no doubt that removal of parts of the boat is a “fortuitous loss” as that term has been defined, but it is also evident that other language contained in National Marine’s policy extends coverage for the damage to Schiappa’s boat:
“We may pay for loss in money or we may also repair or replace damaged or missing parts with parts of like kind or quality. If those parts are unavailable we will pay for the loss of those parts in money, at their current market value. Before we pay for or replace property stolen or presumed stolen, we may return it to you, with payment for any physical damage, less the applicable deductible .... If your insured yacht is stolen or presumed stolen and is not found, we will pay for the loss, less the applicable deductible, or at our option, replace the insured yacht with one of like kind and quality, less the applicable deductible. ...”
(Emphasis added.) This language, incident to the policy’s “all risk” statement of coverage, encompasses the situation here, and Schiappa carried his burden by showing that he discovered his boat “stripped” — that there were “missing parts” that he “presumed [were] stolen” while the boat was in Tiger’s custody. See Tumblin v. American Ins. Co., 344 Mass. 318, 320 (1962).
Our reading of the “missing parts” clause, in conjunction with the “all risk” statement of coverage, brings a measure of harmony to the policy as a whole. The wrongs to which the policy extends are those which cause damage to the boat, as well as theft of parts and the theft of the entire craft. Although the record below is less informative than one might wish, Schi-appa’s summary judgment materials did provide an acceptable basis for us to conclude that significant parts of his boat were “missing.” For its part, National Marine filed almost nothing to support its position, and the record contains no admissible evidence that would unsettle a conclusion in favor of coverage. Consequently, there were no genuine issues of material fact in dispute.
The judgment is therefore reversed, and the case is remanded for entry of a judgment in favor of Schiappa.
So ordered.
After the District Court’s ruling, Schiappa and National Marine stipulated to a dismissal without prejudice of Schiappa’s ancillary claims under G. L. c. 93A and G. L. c. 176D.
In a separate action, Schiappa sued Tiger for the damage to his boat. A judgment entered for Schiappa in that suit, including a finding that the appraised value of his boat was $26,000. When combined with attorneys’s fees assessed under G. L. c. 93 A, the damages amounted to almost $40,000. The judge in that case also found that Tiger’s acts in failing to secure Schiappa’s boat were knowing and wilful, thereby tripling the total judgment to over $100,000. Tiger has since undertaken a name change (to Tiger Electrical Services, Inc.) and apparently is bankrupt, and Schiappa has pursued this claim against National Marine.
In affirming the judgment and rejecting Schiappa’s arguments, the Appellate Division held that the “conversion” exclusion applied, stating as follows:
*163 “The difficulty with plaintiff’s argument is that although all thefts encompass the elements of conversion all conversions do not encompass the elements of theft. . . . Therefor [sic], an insurance policy which provides coverage for theft of the plaintiff’s boat while excluding coverage for conversion of the boat is not illusory, as although it allows an insurer to deny coverage for conversion of the vessel, it does not allow an insurer to deny coverage for theft of the vessel.”
The insured himself could not recover if he was guilty of the abstraction.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.