Commonwealth v. Carson
Commonwealth v. Carson
Opinion of the Court
Under the procedures established by G. L. c. 278, § 28E, and Mass.R.Crim.P. 15(a)(2), as appearing in 422 Mass. 1501 (1996), the Commonwealth appeals from an order by a District Court judge suppressing the results of a blood test performed at Sturdy Memorial Hospital in the early morning hours of August 9, 2004. The judge’s findings of fact and other undisputed evidence in the record establish the following. At about 9:30 p.m. on August 8, 2004, a car driven by the twenty year old defendant struck two female pedestrians on
After booking she was taken to an interview room where she was questioned by Detective Lieutenant Dawes. The interview was videotaped. During the first part of the interview she appeared coherent (although very upset) and responsive to questions. She agreed to write and did write out an account of the accident that was clear in both content and penmanship. At some point during that interview (the videotape is not before us in this appeal although the judge viewed it in its entirety), the defendant was informed by Lieutenant Dawes that one of the two women pedestrians had died. He testified that she did not show a marked reaction at that time. Lieutenant Dawes left the interview room after a time, leaving the door open. The defendant sat for a few minutes, occasionally studying her fingernails. Then she walked out of the room.
There was no testimony concerning what may have occurred outside the interview room, but when the defendant returned a few minutes later, her demeanor had undergone a radical transformation. According to the judge’s findings:
“She was sobbing and crying uncontrollably. She went down on her knees rocking back and forth repeating over and over, ‘Oh God, Oh God, help me . . . please . . . please.’ She then asked for her mother repeatedly over and over. ... At one point she screamed out the door, ‘Don’t leave me here, I’m too scared oh my God,’ then continued to call for her mother (‘mommy, mommy, mommy . . .’). She yelled out the door during this time saying she was going to ‘freak out’ if they didn’t bring her mother.”
The tape concluded at this point. The defendant was brought downstairs to the detention area and left alone for one hour in a
The defendant claims that the blood testing was done without her consent. Where, as here, there is probable cause to believe that a defendant has been operating a motor vehicle while impaired, the defendant has no constitutional right to refuse a blood test or breathalyzer test. Commonwealth v. Davidson, 27 Mass. App. Ct. 846, 848 (1989). Nevertheless, the applicable statute, G. L. c. 90, § 24(1)(e) and (f), requires a defendant’s actual consent to breath and blood testing as a condition of admissibility of the results in evidence. The consent required is not the “knowing, voluntary and intelligent” consent required for waiver of constitutional rights, but the consent of customary usage indicated by criteria such as verbal agreement to undergo, lack of objection to, or cooperation in the performance of, the blood testing. See Commonwealth v. Angivoni, 383 Mass. 30, 33-35 (1981)
The statute requires a suspect’s consent, and whether the defendant consented, even under the Davidson criteria, is a question of fact. The evidence here did not require the judge, as matter of law, to find that there was a meaningful consent, as contrasted with robotic manifestations of acquiescence by one no longer possessed of the ability to choose. We respect the judge’s findings of fact. Commonwealth v. Angivoni, 383 Mass, at 33-34. The judge’s order of suppression must therefore be affirmed.
So ordered.
The writing stated: “8-9-04 1:20 a.m. Emily Carson advised of consent to Blood Test.”
Unlike the situation described in Angivoni, the police here had probable cause to believe the defendant had been operating her vehicle under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Commonwealth v. Emily Carson
- Cited By
- 5 cases
- Status
- Published