Town of Hull v. Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination
Town of Hull v. Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination
Opinion of the Court
The town of Hull (town) appeals from a judgment affirming a decision of the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination (commission). The commission found that the town discriminated against defendant Donald Gillis on the basis of age and handicap in violation of G. L. c. 151B, § 4, when it failed to reinstate him as a firefighter upon his return from disability retirement. The commission awarded Gillis $63,106.47 in damages for lost wages, $50,000 in damages for emotional distress, and $61,212.28 in attorney’s fees and costs, and further ordered the town to pay $94,760.02 to the Hull Retirement Board (board), in repayment of the retirement benefits the board had paid to Gillis after the town’s discriminatory act.
The town claims that the commission’s decision is based on errors of law and is not supported by substantial evidence. See G. L. c. 30A, § 14(7)(c), (e). For reasons we explain below, we affirm the lost income and emotional distress damage awards and accompanying attorney’s fees, but conclude that the commission erred in ordering reimbursement of disability income benefits paid by the board.
Background. Gillis began work as a firefighter for the town in November, 1965. In 1985, he fell from a fire truck and was injured. Gillis was found disabled from returning to work and was put on disability retirement by the board.
In late 1994, when Gillis was approximately fifty-eight years
A hearing before the board followed in March, 1995, where Gillis asked the fire chief why he had refused to approve Gillis’s reinstatement. The chief responded, “I like you, Don, but I have to think of the town. I’ll get more bang for the buck by hiring a younger guy.” During this period, the commission’s hearing officer found, there were two vacant firefighter positions available, which the town filled with two men aged thirty-two and thirty.
Discussion. Many of the town’s arguments on appeal challenge determinations by the hearing officer that the fire chief’s testimony before the hearing officer was not credible. The hearing officer is the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses appearing before her, and thus these arguments must fail. See School Comm. of Brockton v. Massachusetts Commn. Against Discrimination, 423 Mass. 7, 15 (1996). We address each of the town’s more substantial arguments in turn.
1. The commission’s authority to delegate public hearings to hearing officers. The town argues that the commission unlawfully delegated the public hearing in this case to a hearing officer, where the governing statute requires either the full commission or a single commissioner to conduct all public hearings. The town acknowledges that a regulation promulgated by the commission permits qualified hearing officers to conduct public hearings for the commission, see 804 Code Mass. Regs. § 1.21(1) (1998),
General Laws c. 151B, § 3(6), inserted by St. 1971, c. 923, provides that “[t]he commission through its chairman may appoint a single commissioner to hold public hearings, as hereinafter provided, and to otherwise act on its behalf in connection therewith; provided, however, that a person aggrieved by the decision of said single commissioner may, within ten days of said decision, file an appeal for rehearing or review by the commission.” General Laws c. 6, § 56, as appearing in St. 1990, c. 150, § 194, provides that “[e]ach commissioner shall hold such hearings as are needed in the respective region, but each commissioner may also hold hearings in other regions.”
These provisions do not explicitly require that public hearings be conducted by only the full commission or a single commissioner. General Laws c. 151B, § 3(6), can be read as authorizing a single commissioner to hold public hearings, as contrasted with the entire commission. Likewise, G. L. c. 6, § 56, can be read as merely clarifying that commissioners are not restricted to their designated regions for purposes of holding public hearings. Neither provision expressly prohibits the commission from delegating public hearings to officials other than commissioners.
“An administrative agency has the authority to promulgate regulations giving effect to legislative mandates.” Massachusetts Fedn. of Teachers, AFT, AFL-CIO v. Board of Educ., 436 Mass. 763, 773 (2002). See id. at 773-774, and cases cited. “[T]he validity of a regulation . . . will be sustained so long as it is ‘reasonably related to the purposes of the enabling legislation.’ ” Consolidated Cigar Corp. v. Department of Pub. Health,
Under its enabling statutes, the commission may “appoint such attorneys, clerks, and other employees and agents as it may deem necessary, . . . and prescribe their duties.” G. L. c. 151B, § 3(3), inserted by St. 1946, c. 368, § 4. Further, the Legislature has granted the commission the power to “adopt, promulgate, amend, and rescind rules and regulations suitable to carry out the provisions of [c. 151B], and the policies and practice of the commission in connection therewith.” G. L. c. 151B, § 3(5), inserted by St. 1946, c. 368, § 4.
The commission has only three commissioners. See G. L. c. 6, § 56. According to the commission’s brief, in the year 2000 (the year of the hearing officer’s decision in Gillis’s case), 4,000 cases were filed with the commission. The commission’s delegation to hearing officers of its duty to hold public hearings, subject to later review by the commission, effectuates the commission’s legislative mandate. The regulation is reasonably related to the purpose of c. 151B, which requires the holding of public hearings and the making of findings of fact in a large number of discrimination claims in pursuit of its purpose to implement the right to equal treatment guaranteed to all citizens. See Katz v. Massachusetts Commn. Against Discrimination, 365 Mass. 357, 366 (1974).
Both this court and the Supreme Judicial Court have routinely considered and affirmed many decisions of the commission where a hearing officer conducted the public hearing.
For all of these reasons, we conclude that the commission did not exceed its statutory authority in promulgating 804 Code Mass. Regs. § 1.21(1) (1998), or in delegating the public hearing in Gillis’s case to a hearing officer.
2. Regional medical panel requirement. The town argues that the commission committed an error of law by finding that Gillis was qualified for reinstatement to a firefighter position. Under the version of G. L. c. 32, § 8(2), in effect at the time, the statute had three prerequisites for reinstatement: (1) a determination by a regional medical panel that the retiree is qualified to perform the duties of the position; (2) a vacancy in the retiree’s former department; and (3) the approval of the department head.
The hearing officer’s determination that the fire chief prevented Gillis’s reinstatement was a finding of fact supported by substantial evidence. The hearing officer found that, had the fire chief approved Gillis’s reinstatement, the board would have initiated the process for a regional medical panel to examine Gillis and that the panel would have cleared Gillis for reinstatement.
The town argues that the commission’s decision, notwithstanding its support in the evidence, is in conflict with our unpublished decision in Gillis v. Hull, 53 Mass. App. Ct. 1108 (2001), which held that Gillis’s demand for reinstatement following the 1996 amendment was properly denied by the board because Gillis had not met the remaining prerequisite for reinstatement, namely, clearance by the regional medical panel.
Following approval by the regional medical panel in 2000, Gillis was theoretically eligible for reinstatement as a firefighter, provided there was then a vacancy in the fire department, see G. L. c. 32, § 8(2)(a), second par., as appearing in St. 1998, c. 252, § 2, and provided that he successfully completed a retraining program required by G. L. c. 31, § 39, for public employees returning to active service from disability retirement after more than five years’ separation from the job.
3. Other issues, a. Reimbursement for payment of disability pension benefits. The part of the commission’s order directing the town to reimburse the board for $94,760.02 in disability pension benefits disbursed for the same period (August 1, 1995, through March 31, 2000) must be struck from the commission’s award, because the board, although originally a party to the proceedings before the commission, had withdrawn at an early stage, with the agreement of all parties. The commission could not make an award in favor of a nonparty for the reasons stated in D’Errico v. Assessors of Woburn, 384 Mass. 301, 305 (1981), and Demoulas v. Demoulas, 428 Mass. 555, 591 (1998). Compare Brothers Bldg. Co. of Nantucket, Inc. v. Yankow, 56 Mass. App. Ct. 688, 693-694 (2002) (arbitration award). Moreover, no basis has been shown in these proceedings for the board or the State Retirement System to be reimbursed for all or any part of its disability pension payments during the subject period.
b. Emotional distress damages. We have considered the town’s
c. Other issues. No issue is made in this appeal on the size of the attorney’s fee award, either as part of the commission’s original order, or as part of the order on remand. As the issue is not argued, we do not consider it.
Conclusion. The second paragraph of the judgment of the
Gillis’s request for appellate attorney’s fees is allowed. He may submit a petition therefor, together with supporting materials, within fourteen days of the date of the rescript of this opinion. The town shall have fourteen days thereafter to respond. See Fabre v. Walton, 441 Mass. 9, 10-11 (2004).
So ordered.
TitIe 804 Code Mass. Regs. § 1.21(1) (1998) provides, in relevant part: “The Public Hearing shall be conducted by a Commissioner, other than the Investigating Commissioner, designated by the Chair, or by a person found to be qualified by the Commission as a Hearing Officer, or by the Full Commission.”
It is unclear from the record whether the town raised this argument before the commission. In its complaint in the Superior Court, the town claimed to have raised the argument before the full commission, yet the full commission’s decision includes no mention of the issue. Ordinarily, failure to raise an issue before the commission would constitute waiver. See School Comm. of Norton v. Massachusetts Commn. Against Discrimination, 63 Mass. App. Ct. 839, 845-846 (2005). However, if the commission lacks authority to delegate public hearings to hearing officers, the hearing officer would be without jurisdiction to hear the case, see Middleborough v. Housing Appeals Comm., 449 Mass. 514, 520 (2007), and waiver would not apply. See Litton Bus. Sys., Inc. v. Commissioner of Rev., 383 Mass. 619, 622 (1981).
Examples include Wynn & Wynn, P.C. v. Massachusetts Commn. Against Discrimination, 431 Mass. 655 (2000); Connolly v. Suffolk County Sheriff’s Dept., 62 Mass. App. Ct. 187 (2004); School Comm. of Norton v. Massachusetts Commn. Against Discrimination, 63 Mass. App. Ct. 839 (2005); and Trustees of Health & Hosps. of the City of Boston, Inc. v. Massachusetts Commn. Against Discrimination, 65 Mass. App. Ct. 329 (2005), S.C., 449 Mass. 675 (2007).
The 1996 amendment to G. L. c. 32, § 8(2), eliminated the department head’s approval as a precondition. See White v. Boston, 428 Mass. 250, 253-254 (1998).
The last finding was based on the results of the examination by the single physician in 1994, as well as on evidence submitted by Gillis that he underwent examination by a regional medical panel in December, 1999, and January, 2000, and was found fit for duty as a firefighter at that time.
The record of the 2001 case, of which we take judicial notice, see Brick Constr. Corp. v. CEI Dev. Corp., 46 Mass. App. Ct. 837, 839 n.4 (1999), indicates that after passage of the 1996 amendment, Gillis sought reinstatement to active service in the fire department. He took the position that his clearance by the single physician in 1994 sufficed for reinstatement. The board sought a ruling by the Public Employee Retirement Administration Commission, which responded that Gillis could not be reinstated without clearance of the three-member regional medical panel. In February, 1999, Gillis filed his complaint in Superior Court challenging that ruling, but he agreed also to undergo a regional medical panel examination. That examination eventually took place in December, 1999, and January, 2000. Our 2001 decision related to the correctness of a judgment entered in the Superior Court following allowance on August 31, 1999, of the town’s motion to dismiss Gillis’s action, prior to the regional medical panel examination.
The hearing officer calculated lost income damages over the period from August 1, 1995, to March 31, 2000, as $187,904.84, and subtracted from that amount $94,760.02 that had been paid to Gillis over that same period as disability pension benefits, and $15,006 in earnings from a family business. The commission subtracted, as double counting, the further sum of $15,032.35 in vacation pay, resulting in a total award to Gillis of $63,106.47 for lost wages.
Our decision in this case assumes, of course, that no basis now exists for the board to claim reimbursement from Gillis. Should that assumption be incorrect, it would be necessary for the trial court to reconsider the damages
The town makes other arguments that require little discussion. First, the town argues that the commission committed an error of law by applying G. L. c. 152, § 75B(1), to determine that Gillis was handicapped within the meaning of c. 151B. Firefighters are not protected by c. 152. See G. L. c. 152, § 69; Eyssi v. Lawrence, 416 Mass. 194, 197-198 (1993). Thus, the town contends, it was error for the hearing officer to rely on c. 152, § 75B(1), in finding that Gillis had established a prima facie case of handicap discrimination. The town does not, however, challenge the finding that Gillis was in a protected class because of his age, and that finding is enough to sustain the damage awards for emotional distress and for lost wages.
Second, the town argues that the commission committed an error of law by admitting in evidence at the public hearing, and relying on, a stipulation submitted by the board (which was no longer a party to the case) that it would have, inter alia, ordered that Gillis be examined by a regional medical panel were it not for the fire chief’s refusal to approve Gillis’s reinstatement. However, the town has failed to show that the hearing officer indeed relied on the stipulation (although she did mention it) in her decision; the hearing officer does not state in her decision that she was relying on the stipulation and,
Finally, there is no merit to the town’s argument that the commission’s finding that Gillis satisfied his duty to mitigate damages is not supported by substantial evidence.
Gillis reached the mandatory retirement age (sixty-five) for firefighters in 2001. See G. L. c. 32, § 1, “Maximum age.”
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.