Northeast Line Construction Corp. v. J.E. Guertin Co.
Northeast Line Construction Corp. v. J.E. Guertin Co.
Opinion of the Court
Based on the findings in a master’s report, a Superior Court judge ruled that the defendant, J.E. Guertin Co., Inc. (Guertin), breached its contracts with the plaintiff, Northeast Line Construction Corporation (NELCC), and awarded contract damages. NELCC contends on appeal that the judge erred by not awarding damages under G. L. c. 93A and sanctions under
Background. On July 17, 2004, NELCC filed a complaint in Superior Court against Guertin and requested a jury trial. NELCC’s complaint alleged that on various dates in the year 2000, NELCC contracted with Guertin to install utility poles, power lines, and other items at three sites in Massachusetts, and stated claims for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith, unjust enrichment, and a violation of G. L. c. 93A. Guertin’s answer, also requesting a jury trial, raised several affirmative defenses, as well as two counterclaims: conversion and its own G. L. c. 93A claim.
After a pretrial conference held on August 23, 2005, the clerk assigned the case for trial without a jury on December 15, 2005. On December 15, 2005, the parties appeared before a Superior Court judge and reported that they agreed to submission of the case to a master with “facts final.” On December 28, 2005, the judge appointed a “jury master.” Per stipulation by the parties, a master’s hearing was conducted over three days in May, 2006. On September 1, 2006, the master’s report was filed with the Superior Court. The master found that the value of services rendered to Guertin by NELCC, which went uncompensated, totaled $41,234.50. During ensuing court proceedings, three Superior Court judges had occasion to adopt the master’s report and to deny Guertin’s motions to strike it.
In a letter dated June 24, 2008, Guertin’s new counsel contended for the first time that the parties had not consented to have the master’s report function as facts final and that the case should now be tried to a jury. At a hearing on October 20, 2008, before another Superior Court judge, new counsel argued that there had been no valid waiver of a jury. On November 18, 2008, the judge issued a ruling on the issue of jury waiver and entered an order of judgment. The judge’s order stated:
“Based on a review of all the court’s papers and docket entries, I find that both parties validly waived their right to*648 a trial by jury in open court at the pretrial conference with the clerk on August 23, 2005. For this reason, the case was assigned a trial date for a trial without jury. This was noted by the clerk in the pretrial order and in the docket entry for August 23, 2005.
“The court further finds that the parties’ waiver of their right to trial by jury was reiterated by both counsel in their conference with Justice DelVecchio on December 15, 2005.”
In the order, the judge also entered judgment for NELCC on the contract claim in the amount of $41,234.40. The order further ruled that Guertin’s breaches of contract did not amount to unfair or deceptive conduct under G. L. c. 93A. All other counts in the complaint and all counts in the counterclaim were dismissed.
NELCC now appeals from the November 18, 2008, judgment that dismissed its G. L. c. 93A claim and denied its request for attorney’s fees under Mass.R.Civ.P. 11.
Discussion. 1. Jury trial waiver. In its cross-appeal, Guertin contends that the judgment issued from the Superior Court, based on a master’s report, should be reversed because the judge erroneously determined that it had waived its right to a jury trial, and that, therefore, it was denied its right to a jury trial. Whether there was a jury trial waiver is of particular significance here insofar as it alters the legal status of the master’s report. In an action to be tried without a jury, “the court shall accept the master’s subsidiary findings of fact unless they are clearly erroneous, mutually inconsistent, unwarranted by the evidence before the master as a matter of law or are otherwise tainted by error of law.” Mass.R.Civ.P. 53(h)(1), as amended, 386 Mass. 1237 (1982). However, in an action to be tried to a jury, “the master’s findings upon all issues submitted to him are admissible as prima facie evidence of the matters found and
The right of a trial by jury is declared by part 1, art. 15 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which provides that “parties have a right to a trial by jury; and this method of procedure shall be held sacred.” See Mass.R.Civ.P. 38(a), 365 Mass. 800 (1974). In order to preserve this right, parties must demand a jury trial pursuant to Mass.R.Civ.P. 38(b), 365 Mass. 800 (1974). In this case, both NELCC and Guertin properly demanded a jury trial in their initial pleadings.
Once properly demanded, a jury trial may be waived, but not “without the consent of the parties.” Mass.R.Civ.P. 38(d), 365 Mass. 800 (1974). See Vaught Constr. Corp. v. Bertozanni Buick Co., 371 Mass. 553, 557-558 (1976) (rules require consent of all parties to the jury trial, not just consent from one party). “In civil cases, waiver of a fundamental right is never presumed . . . .” Spence v. Reeder, 382 Mass. 398, 411 (1981), citing Aetna Ins. Co. v. Kennedy, 301 U.S. 389, 393 (1937). As the right to a jury trial is fundamental, “courts indulge every reasonable presumption against waiver.” Aetna Ins. Co. v. Kennedy, supra.
The Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure delineate the specific methods by which the right to a jury trial may be waived. Rule 39(a) of the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure, 450 Mass. 1403 (2008), states, in pertinent part,
“[t]he trial of all issues so demanded shall be by jury, unless (1) the parties or their attorneys of record, by written stipulation filed with the court or by an oral stipulation made in open court and entered in the record, consent to trial by the court sitting without a jury ... or (2) the court upon motion or of its own initiative finds that a right of trial by jury of some or all of those issues does not*650 exist under the constitution or statutes of this commonwealth.” (Emphasis added.)
See Johnson v. Post Motors, Inc., 7 Mass. App. Ct. 857, 857 (1979). Neither party contends waiver by written consent or by the court’s initiative. Rather, the issue is whether the parties consented to a trial without a jury by an oral stipulation made in open court and entered in the record.
As noted, the judge ruled that the parties’ rights to a jury trial were properly waived in open court on two occasions: at a pretrial conference on August 23, 2005, and at a conference on December 15, 2005. This ruling was “[bjased on a review of all the court’s papers and docket entries . . . .” “[Wjaiver is ordinarily a question of fact and not of law.” Metropolitan Transit Authy. v. Railway Exp. Agency, Inc., 323 Mass. 707, 709 (1949). Since the judge’s finding of waiver is based on a review of both documentary evidence and conflicting testimony, our review is mandated by Mass.R.Civ.R 52(a), as amended, 432 Mass. 1402 (1996), and “[findings of fact shall not be set aside unless they are clearly erroneous.” See Markell v. Sidney B. Pfeifer Foundation, Inc., 9 Mass. App. Ct. 412, 430 (1980).
In arguing that the record is insufficient to support a ruling that the right to a jury trial was properly waived during the August 23, 2005, conference or the December 15, 2005, conference, Guertin notes that no transcript of either conference appears on the record. Furthermore, the record is devoid of affidavits from either party regarding whether the parties consented to a trial without a jury by oral stipulation in open court on those dates.
NELCC counters that the docket sheet entries for those dates provide evidence that there was proper jury waiver during those conferences. The pertinent docket entries for August 23, 2005, and December 15, 2005, state:
“8/23/2005 . . . Pre-trial ORDER: Trial without Jury on December 15, 2005 @ 9:00 in Brockton . . . cc: in hand.”
“12/15/2005 . . . TRIAL: non-jury contract, jw, 2-3 days.”
NELCC contends that the docket sheet notations “[tjrial without
“[Djocket sheets are part of the court records and may be presented as prima facie evidence of the facts recorded therein.” Commonwealth v. Podoprigora, 46 Mass. App. Ct. 928, 929 (1999), and cases cited.
Similarly, the docket sheet here presents prima facie evidence that there was proper jury waiver in open court on August 23, 2005, and December 15, 2005. As stated in Washington Natl. Bank, supra, we must “presume that the [August 23, 2005, and December 15, 2005,] entries on the docket were made by the
As the docket sheet entries establish prima facie evidence of jury waiver, it falls to Guertin to rebut the prima facie validity of the waiver. See Commonwealth v. Rodgers, 448 Mass. 538, 540 (2007) (docket sheet entries provide prima facie evidence under speedy trial claim, but defendant may rebut docket with other evidence). Compare Ciummei v. Commonwealth, 378 Mass. 504, 510 n.9 (1979) (criminal defendant may rebut prima facie evidence of jury waiver). Here, Guertin had several opportunities to present evidence to rebut the evidence of jury waiver, yet failed to do so.
We conclude that the record, taken as a whole, supports the prima facie evidence of waiver, which the docket entries provide. See Washington Natl. Bank v. Williams, 190 Mass. at 503 (docket entries provide the presumption of waiver, but finding was warranted by the “whole evidence”). The record reflects that Guertin was notified that the trial was to be held without a jury. The clerk’s notice dated December 15, 2005, which was sent to both parties, stated: “[sjent to Master/facts final.” The notation “facts final” put Guertin on notice that master’s report was to be adopted, or struck, by the court without a jury. Compare R.D. Matthews Constr. Co. v. Planning Bd. of Hingham, 13 Mass. App. Ct. 497 (1982) (“facts not final” on master’s report given “facts final” status because no prejudice resulted in treating the report the same as in a nonjury case). Contrast Levings v. Forbes & Wallace, Inc., 8 Mass. App. Ct. 498, 500 (1979) (in jury case, master’s report regarded as “facts not final”).
Not until the eleventh hour, in a June 24, 2008, letter by new counsel, and during the hearing on the status of the master’s report on October 20, 2008, did Guertin finally object to a trial without a jury. The failure to object to the nonjury references prior to objections to the master’s report does not, alone, constitute jury waiver. See Johnson v. Post Motors, Inc., 7 Mass. App. Ct. at 857.
2. Other issues, a. 93A claim. Contending that Guertin acted in an unfair and deceptive manner, NELCC claims that the trial judge erred in ruling that “the defendant’s breaches of contract did not amount to unfair or deceptive conduct in violation of G. L. c. 93A,” and thus not awarding damages, costs and attorney’s fees pursuant to G. L. c. 93A. We disagree.
“General Laws c. 93A, § 11, prohibits unfair or deceptive
b. Rule 11 claim. We discern no merit in NELCC’s contention that the judge abused his discretion in denying its motion for attorney’s fees and sanctions pursuant to Mass.R.Civ.P. 11, 365 Mass. 753 (1974). See Doe v. Nutter, McClennen & Fish, 41 Mass. App. Ct. 137, 141-142 (1996). See also Bird v. Bird, 24 Mass. App. Ct. 362, 369-371 (1987). That the master may have characterized some of Guertin’s testimony and arguments as “unreasonable,” “incredible,” and having “no merit” does not establish that counsel acted in bad faith. That a trier of fact disbelieves a party does not prove that the party’s counsel had reason to know that the client’s testimony was not accurate when offered. Millennium Equity Holdings, LLC v. Mahlowitz, 456 Mass. 627, 651-652 (2010).
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment is affirmed.
So ordered.
In its reply brief, NELCC concedes that its appeal from the judge’s denial of its motion for costs and fees pursuant to G. L. c. 231, § 6(f), is not properly before this court. As such, we do not address it.
NELCC demanded a jury trial in its complaint filed on July 17, 2004. Above the signature box, the complaint stated, “REQUEST FOR JURY TRIAL.” Guertin demanded a jury trial in its answer filed on August 16, 2004. Above the signature box, the answer stated, “The defendant and plaintiff-in-counterclaim, J.E. Guertin Co., Inc., respectfully requests a trial by jury on all issues so triable.”
In criminal cases, where no transcript of the hearing exists, docket sheets have established prima facie evidence that guilty pleas were proper. See Commonwealth v. Pryce, 429 Mass. 556, 557-558 (1999); Commonwealth v. Rzepphiewski, 431 Mass. 48, 52-53 (2000); Commonwealth v. Podoprigora, supra. Docket sheets have similarly provided prima facie evidence that a witness waived his right to counsel, see Commonwealth v. Bourdreau, 362 Mass. 378, 381-382 (1972); Commonwealth v. Deeran, 364 Mass. 193, 198 (1973), and that the time limit during which the Commonwealth could retry a defendant had expired. See Barry v. Commonwealth, 390 Mass. 285, 289 (1983); Commonwealth v. Farris, 390 Mass. 300, 303-304 (1983).
We note that Guertin objected to a trial without a jury at a later procedural date than the party in Johnson v. Post Motors, Inc., supra (timely objection), but at an earlier procedural date than the party in M.J. Pirolli & Sons, Inc. v. Massachusetts Equip. & Supply Corp., 9 Mass. App. Ct. 863, 864 (1980) (untimely objection). We need not decide whether Guertin’s failure to object to a nonjury trial during the initial filing of the objections to the master’s report was so untimely as to automatically constitute jury waiver.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.