Nickse v. Daniel (In re Daniel)
Nickse v. Daniel (In re Daniel)
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM OF DECISION
I. INTRODUCTION
The matter before the Court is the “Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment” (the “Plaintiffs Motion”) filed by the plaintiff Robert Nickse (“Nickse”) and
II. BACKGROUND
The salient facts arising from the uncontested documentary evidence accompanying the parties’ submissions are not in dispute. Nevertheless, the parties are far from agreement regarding the legal implications of those facts. I further note that the record before me presents merely a slice of a much bigger picture. In particular, while it is clear that the various civil actions commenced by Vera Lee (“Lee”) have had a substantial impact on the issues now before me, the parties have provided little information regarding this underlying litigation or the basis of her claims against the Debtor or Nickse.
Nickse and the Debtor married on December 24, 1998. During the marriage, they resided and operated a bed and breakfast at real property located at 4 Hovey Street in Gloucester, Massachusetts (the “Marital Residence”). Since . 1987, Nickse has suffered from a permanent and total disability and has been unable to work or support himself. As result, he collected social security disability payments during the marriage. Nickse and the Debtor separated on February 16, 2003, and, based on the case number on the documents before me, commenced divorce proceedings in the Essex County Probate and Family Court (the “Probate Court”) the following year.
The Debtor acquired the Marital Residence by quitclaim deed recorded in the Essex South Registry of Deeds (the “Registry”) on July 30, 1998.
In 2004, Lee commenced a civil action against the Debtor and Nickse captioned Vera Lee v. Jane Daniel and Robert Paul Nickse, Docket No. 04-4428, in the Mid-dlesex County Superior Court (the “Mid-dlesex Court”), the nature of which is not clear from the record. On March 1, 2006, the parties entered into an agreement for judgment (the “Agreement for Judgment”) whereby Nickse “acknowledge^] and agree[d] that he has no interest in the [Marital Residence] other than may be expressly herein provided.”
Robert Nickse expressly renounces and disclaims any interest in the [Marital Residence] which was purportedly conveyed by the [1999 Deed] provided however the provisions of this agreement shall not operate to limit any claims*511 Robert Nickse may advance against Jane Daniel in any actions commenced or pending in the Probate Court relative to the dissolution of his marriage... .4
Despite Nickse’s renunciation of any interest in the Marital Residence, the Agreement for Judgment expressly provided that upon the sale of the Marital Residence, Nickse would be paid up to $250,000.00 from the net sale proceeds, so long as it did not exceed 30% of the net sale proceeds.
In an apparent effort to effectuate the Agreement for Judgment, on March 2, 2006, Nickse recorded a quitclaim deed conveying the interest in the Marital Residence granted to him by the 1999 Deed to the Debtor (the “2006 Deed”).
See also judgment of Middlesex Superi- or Court in an action encaptioned Vera Lee, Plaintiff vs. Jane Daniel and Robert Paul Nickse, Defendants et al. entered on March 2, 2006, docket no. 04-4428, a copy of which judgment is to be recorded with said deeds.8
Notwithstanding the Agreement for Judgment, on March 14, 2006, the Debtor recorded a disclaimer of the 2006 Deed (the “Disclaimer”), in which she purported to refuse the “attempted transfer” of Nickse’s interest in the Marital Residence.
On June 28, 2006, Lee filed a second civil action in the Essex County Superior Court (the “Essex Court”) captioned Vera Lee v. Jane Daniel and Robert Paul Nickse, Docket No. ESCV2006-1175. On March 26, 2006, the Essex Court entered a “Certificate of Last Entry/Judgment” declaring “that the attempted [Disclaimer] executed by Jane Daniel on March 14, 2006 is void” (the “Essex Judgment”).
On January 24, 2007, Nickse and the Debtor entered into a separation agreement (the “Separation Agreement”). Article One of the Separation Agreement provides in relevant part:
Within one year of the execution of this Agreement, unless the parties mutually agree otherwise, the Marital Residence shall be sold and the proceeds divided as follows ... [after payment of the first mortgage and a debt owed to David Holscher] ... [sjeventy percent (70%) of the remaining equity shall be paid to the Wife, with a minimum of $300,000 going to the Wife ... [tjhirty percent (30%) of the remaining equity shall be paid to the Husband, with a maximum of $250,000 going to the Husband.11
Article Five of the Separation Agreement, which is hand-written and concerns the
The Husband shall take the following items [(the “Personal Property”).] from the Marital Residence upon the sale of the Marital Residence
1) Front Hallway China Cabinet
2) Double rope bed in “Belvedere Room”
3) Milk painted armoire
4) 2 “Gould” Bird prints called “Birds of Prey”
5) Poseidon statute [sic]
The wife shall keep all remaining personal property in the Marital Residence ...
On August 21, 2007, the Probate Court entered an “Equity Judgment” that provided, inter alia, that the 2006 Deed “is void ab initio.”
Despite the clear terms of the Separation Agreement, the Marital Residence was never sold and the Debtor never turned over the Personal Property to Nickse. Although Nickse now alleges that the Debtor is in contempt of the Divorce Judgment, he never filed an action to en-' force the Separation Agreement.
The Debtor filed a voluntary Chapter 7 petition on October 31, 2013. The following day, November 1, 2013, John J. Aquino (the “Trustee”) was appointed Chapter 7 trustee of the Debtor’s estate. On “Schedule A — Real Property” (“Schedule A”), the Debtor listed herself as the “Sole Owner” of the Marital Residence, which she assigned a fair market value of $1,000,000.00.
On February 7, 2014, Nickse commenced the present adversary proceeding against the Debtor and Trustee. On March 14, 2014, he filed a second amended complaint asserting three counts arising from the Separation Agreement and orders of the Probate Court. In Counts I and II, Nickse argued that “all of the debt owed to [him]” is nondischargeable pursu
On November 14, 2014, Nickse filed the Plaintiffs Motion seeking summary judgment on all counts of the second amended complaint.
III. POSITIONS OF THE PARTIES
A. Nickse
In the first instance, Nickse seeks a declaratory judgment that neither the Personal Property nor the Residential Interest are property of the estate. He asserts that the Separation Agreement unequivocally granted him these property interests, and, as a result, divested the Debtor of her equitable interests in these assets. Moreover, Nickse contends that due to the various orders effecting title to the Marital Residence, title was ultimately restored to both him and the Debtor by virtue of the 1999 Deed as the last unavoided transfer. Then, by operation of law, he posits that the Divorce Judgment converted the tenancy by the entirety into a tenancy in common with the parties’ respective interests fixed by the Separation Agreement.
Nickse further argues that the Debtor’s obligations to him arising out of the Separation Agreement are excepted from discharge under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(5) as a domestic support obligation. While he concedes that he expressly waived alimony in the Separation Agreement and agreed to accept his share of the Marital Residence as a lump sum, Nickse relies on In re Angelo
B. The Debtor
Although the facts as summarized above come largely from the Debtor’s own submissions, she maintains that the record underlying Nickse’s claim is so replete with disputed material facts that summary judgment is impossible. Beyond her insis
With respect to the Residential Interest claim, the Debtor urges me to conclude title to the Marital Residence is in serious question in light of the “conflicting orders” of the Essex Court and the Probate Court.
Turning to the question of nondischarge-ability, the Debtor argues that the alleged debt to Nickse is not a domestic support obligation. She points to the Separation Agreement, in which Nickse expressly waived any claim for alimony. The Debtor further disputes Nickse’s claim that they either intended or agreed that the purpose of any award in his favor was meant to be spousal support. In any event, she posits that Nickse does not hold a “claim” as that term is defined in the Bankruptcy Code, such that any amount due him is not a “debt” falling within a discharge exception.
IV. DISCUSSION
A. The Summary Judgment Standard
Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ.P. 56, “the court shall grant summary judgment if the mov-ant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.”
The party seeking summary judgment “always bears the initial responsibility ... of identifying those portions of ‘the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any,’ which it believes demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.”
The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit has explained this provision to mean that the absence of a material factual dispute is a necessary condition, but not a condition sufficient for summary judgment.
B. Analysis
To properly frame the analysis, I start with the premise that Nickse claims two distinct property interests — the Residential Interest and the Personal Property. Through his complaint, he advances three theories to obtain or protect these interests. Although Nickse does not acknowledge them as such, his theories are mutually exclusive. For example, if he were to prevail on Count III and obtain a declaratory judgment that one or both of the claimed property interests are not property of the estate, there would be no debt to except from discharge under Counts I and II. If, on the other hand, a debt exists, which is contrary to the relief requested in Count III, it could not be both a domestic support obligation under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(5) and a property settlement under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(15). Thus, Nickse may only prevail on one count per claimed property interest.
1. The Residential Interest
Upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition an estate is created “comprised of all legal or equitable interests of the debt- or in property as of the commencement of the case.”
The parties agree that title to the Marital Property was impacted by the following six events:
Contrary to the Debtor’s assertions, the record is neither confusing nor indefinite with respect to the title of the Marital Residence. Indeed, the net effect of the Essex Judgment, which voided the Debt- or’s Disclaimer, and the Equity Judgment, which voided the 2006 Deed, was to return the ownership of the Marital Residence to the last unavoided deed-the 1999 Deed from the Debtor to Nickse and the Debtor as tenants by the entirety.
Two days after the Equity Judgment, the Probate Court entered the Divorce Judgment and further altered the parties’ respective rights. In Massachusetts, “[b]y law, an accomplished judgment of divorce will convert a tenancy by the entirety to a tenancy in common.”
The Debtor’s protests that that the orders of the Essex Court and Probate Court conflict are unpersuasive. The Essex Judgment arose out of a civil action brought by Lee, the purpose of which, I reasonably infer based upon the relief obtained, was to invalidate the Disclaimer as patently inconsistent with the Agreement for Judgment entered by the Middlesex Court. While the Debtor posits that the Essex Judgment “implicitly would say the
For these reasons, Nickse is entitled to Judgment on Count III with respect to the Residential Interest, but not Counts I and II.
2. The Personal Property
Nickse’s claim to the Personal Property, which the Debtor did not expressly oppose either in the Opposition or at oral argument, is based on Article Five of the Separation Agreement. It provides, in relevant part, that “[t]he Husband shall take the following items from the Marital Residence upon the sale of the Marital Residence ... [and][t]he wife shall keep all remaining personal property in the Marital Residence.”
Again, Nickse is entitled to judgment on Count III, but not Counts I and II.
V. CONCLUSION
In light of the foregoing, I will enter an order granting the Plaintiffs Motion with respect to Count III, and denying the Plaintiffs Motion with respect to Counts I and II. In light of the mutually exclusive relief sought by the separate counts of Niekse’s complaint, I will further order the parties to show cause why summary judgment should not enter in favor of the Debtor with respect to Counts I and II.
. Exhibit 2, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 58.
. Exhibit 3, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 58.
.Exhibit 4, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 58, at ¶ 2.
. Id. at ¶ 6 (emphasis added).
. Id. at ¶ 4.
. By virtue of his failure to dispute her statement of fact, it is deemed admitted. See LR, D. Mass 56.1, adopted and made applicable to proceedings in the Bankruptcy Court by MLBR 7056-1.
. Exhibit 5, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 58.
. Id.
. Exhibit 6, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 58.
. Exhibit 7, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 58.
. Exhibit 1, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 58 at 3.
. Id. at 4.
. Id. at 5.
. Id. at 6.
. Exhibit 8, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 58.
. See Supplemental Probate and Family Court Rule 411(a).
. Exhibit B, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 39-1 at 13.
. Id.
. Schedule A, Case No. 13-16365-WCH, DocketNo. 15.
. Schedule C, Case No. 13-16365-WCH, DocketNo. 15.
. Amended Complaint, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 14 at ¶¶ 24-29.
. Id. at ¶¶ 30-32.
. In the Plaintiff’s Motion, Nickse also disputes the Debtor’s entitlement to a homestead exemption. These arguments will be addressed in a separate memorandum of decision in conjunction with Nickse’s objection to the Debtor’s homestead.
.In re Angelo, 480 B.R. 70, 86 (Bankr. D.Mass. 2012).
. Answer, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 22 at ¶ 5; Trans. January 29, 2015 at 7:1-6.
. Opposition, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 58 at 7.
. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a) made applicable in adversary proceedings by Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7056.
. Triangle Trading Co. v. Robroy Indus., Inc., 200 F.3d 1, 2 (1st Cir. 1999) (quoting Smith v. F.W. Morse & Co., Inc., 76 F.3d 413, 427 (1st Cir. 1996)).
. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986); McCarthy v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 56 F.3d 313, 314-315 (1st Cir. 1995); Nereida-Gonzalez v. Tirado-Delgado, 990 F.2d 701, 703 (1st Cir. 1993).
. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505.
. Triangle Trading Co., 200 F.3d at 2 (quoting Morris v. Gov't Dev’t Bank of Puerto Rico, 27 F.3d 746, 748 (1st Cir. 1994)).
. Griggs-Ryan v. Smith, 904 F.2d 112, 116 (1st Cir. 1990) (quoting Medina-Munoz v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 896 F.2d 5, 8 (1st Cir. 1990)).
. Nicolo v. Philip Morris, Inc., 201 F.3d 29, 33 (1st Cir. 2000).
. Desmond v. Varrasso (In re Varrasso), 37 F.3d 760, 764 (1st Cir. 1994).
. Id.
. 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1).
. See Butner v. U.S., 440 U.S. 48, 54, 99 S.Ct. 914, 59 L.Ed.2d 136 (1979).
. Waxman v. Waxman, 84 Mass.App.Ct. 314, 320, 995 N.E.2d 1138, review denied, 466 Mass. 1110, 998 N.E.2d 343 (2013) (citing Bematavicius v. Bematavicius, 259 Mass. 486, 489, 156 N.E. 685 (1927)); see Synder v. Rock-land Trust Co. (In re Snyder), 249 B.R. 40, 44 (1st Cir. BAP 2000) aff'd, 2 Fed.Appx. 46 (1st Cir. 2001); In re Cassese, 286 B.R. 472, 473 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2002).
. Trans. January 29, 2015 at 6:14-16.
. Also implicit in this ruling is that Nickse’s renunciation of his interest in the Marital Residence in the Agreement for Judgment is similarly void.
. Exhibit 1, Adv. Pro. No. 14-1038, Docket No. 58 at 4.
. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(f)(1), made applicable to adversary proceedings by Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7056.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- IN RE: Jane C. DANIEL, Debtor. Robert Nickse v. Jane C. Daniel and John J. Aquino, Chapter 7 Trustee
- Status
- Published