Alexander v. Weiner
Alexander v. Weiner
Opinion of the Court
MEMORANDUM
I. Introduction
Plaintiff in this action is a male-to-female transsexual currently in the custody of the Massachusetts Department of Correction (DOC). In her complaint she
II. Background
A. Factual Background
Plaintiff is a male-to-female transsexual currently in custody of the Massachusetts Department of Correction (DOC) at MCI-Norfolk. In late 2003, Plaintiff was diagnosed with Gender Identity Disorder (“GID”). GID is recognized as a major mental illness by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition Text Revision. The appropriate and generally accepted treatment for Plaintiff is based on “Standards of Care” published by the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, Inc. (“Harry Benjamin”) and consists of: (1) hormone ther
At the time of Plaintiffs diagnosis of GID in 2003, the diagnosing clinicians found that Plaintiff was “ready and eligible for the Benjamin Standards of Care.”
Plaintiff alleges that for individuals with GID, hormone therapy and laser hair removal are not cosmetic treatments. They are, instead, medically necessary treatments to address a major mental illness. Defendants are aware that doctors hired by the DOC have repeatedly ordered that Plaintiff be given laser hair removal treatment. But, to date, Defendants have not provided Plaintiff with this treatment. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants have knowingly refused to provide Plaintiff with the full course of treatment as ordered by multiple doctors hired by the DOC. As a result of this refusal, Plaintiff has suffered severe depression and anxiety. Plaintiff asserts that failure to provide her with the medical treatment will lead to serious bodily harm, untreated mental illness and continued depression.
Between mid-2005 and the commencement of this action, Plaintiff has filed a series of complaints and grievances with DOC’s health services division. None of these grievances or complaints has resulted in Plaintiff receiving the prescribed treatment. On July 20, 2010, Plaintiffs therapist, Dr. Mark Burrows, told her that the GID Treatment Committee, which must approve treatments for GID patients, had determined she should not receive either requested treatment.
Defendants in this action are the officials responsible for administering Plaintiffs prescribed care. Plaintiff alleges that Defendants are aware that a serious risk of harm to Plaintiff exists if she does not receive her prescribed medical care and that Defendants have, nonetheless, failed to provide adequate medical care. Plaintiff contends that Defendants are acting in bad faith and do not genuinely perceive a conflict between providing Plaintiff with adequate medical treatment and security concerns at MCI-N. The Second Amended Complaint concludes by stating that Defendants have knowingly and unreasonably disregarded an intolerable risk of harm to Plaintiff and will continue to do so unless injunctive relief is entered.
Plaintiff filed the original Complaint in this case in May, 2009.
In November, 2011, Plaintiff filed a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal of all claims against Defendants Herrick-Lynn, DeCoste and Erik Hamel.
On January 11, 2012, Plaintiff filed an Unopposed Motion to Withdraw Without Prejudice Plaintiffs Claims with Respect To Finasteride
Because Defendant Diener’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment [# 108] addressed only Plaintiffs claims regarding administration of finasteride, that Motion is hereby DENIED AS MOOT. Before the court, therefore, are the motions to dismiss raised by Defendants Marshall, Lubelczyk, and Diener.
III. Discussion
A. Legal Standard
As this court has previously found, “[t]he standard for evaluating a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim is clear. While this court must accept all of Plaintiffs factual allegations as true, bare assertions and conclusions of law are not entitled to similar weight.”
For an inmate to state a claim for relief for failure to provide adequate medical care under the Eighth Amendment, the complaint must allege, “(1) that [she] has a serious medical need; (2) which has not been adequately treated; (3) because of [Defendants’] deliberate indifference; and (4) that deliberate indifference is likely to continue in the future.”
Deliberate indifference may be manifested in a variety of ways, including by “prison doctors in their response to the prisoner’s needs or by prison guards in intentionally denying or delaying access to medical care or intentionally interfering with treatment once prescribed. Regardless of how evidenced, deliberate indifference to a prisoner’s serious illness or injury states a cause of action under § 1983.”
A prison official is a proper defendant in an Eighth Amendment suit if that official was “personally involved” in the decision to deny treatment for Plaintiffs serious medical need.
Because the court approaches this issue in the context of a motion to dismiss, the court takes all facts in the Second Amended Complaint as true, and reviews the pleadings in the light most favorable to Plaintiff.
B. Application
In the present case, Plaintiff has made sufficient factual allegations in the Second Amended Complaint to support a plausible claim for relief under § 1983 against each of the remaining Defendants.
Plaintiff has properly alleged, and Defendants do not contest, that Plaintiff has a serious medical need because of her GID diagnosis.
These allegations, taken as true, are sufficient to establish that Plaintiff has a serious medical need, which has not been adequately treated under the Eighth Amendment standard. As this court has previously found, GID may “constitute[ ] a serious medical need to which prison officials may not be deliberately indifferent.”
The Complaint also contains detailed factual allegations to support Plaintiffs contention that her inadequate treatment is due to Defendants’ deliberate indifference, and that such deliberate indifference is likely to continue in the future. Plaintiff sets out at least three separate occasions on which she was prescribed laser hair removal and/or electrolysis.
A plaintiff may establish personal involvement of prison officials in an alleged constitutional violation by showing that the official “knew of the Prisoner’s need for medical care and yet failed to provide the same.”
Plaintiff has stated that Defendant Lubelczyk, “as the Associate Medical Director at MCI Norfolk, has a direct, practical responsibility for administering medical care ordered by the physicians treating Alexander for GID.”
Plaintiff alleges that Dr. Diener is the Chairman of the DOC’s GID Treatment Committee.
Plaintiff also states a plausible claim for relief against Defendant Weiner. As the parties made clear at oral argument, Defendant Weiner has replaced Defendant Marshall as Assistant Deputy Commissioner for Clinical Services at the DOC. The new holder of an qfficial position is substituted for a named party when the named party leaves that official position while the suit is pending and the plaintiff is seeking injunctive relief.
IV. Conclusion
Because Plaintiff has alleged sufficient facts in the Second Amended Complaint [# 96] to support an allegation of a violation of her Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment rights by each of the remaining named Defendants, Defendant Marshall’s Motion to Dismiss [# 98], Defendant Lubelczyk’s Motion to Dismiss [# 104], and Defendant Diener’s Motion to Dismiss [#106] are DENIED. Plaintiffs Unopposed Motion to Withdraw without Prejudice Plaintiffs Claims With Respect to Finasteride [# 134] is ALLOWED. De
AN ORDER HAS BEEN ISSUED.
ORDER
For the reasons set forth in the accompanying memorandum, this court hereby orders that Plaintiffs Motion to Withdraw without Prejudice Plaintiffs Claims with Respect to Finasteride [# 134] is ALLOWED. Defendant Diener’s Motion for Partial Summary Judgment is DENIED AS MOOT. Defendant Diener’s Motion to Dismiss [# 106] is DENIED. Defendant Lubelczyk’s Motion to Dismiss [# 104] is DENIED. Defendant Weiner is substituted for Defendant Marshall pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 25(d), and Defendant Marshall’s Motion to Dismiss [# 98] is DENIED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
. Although Plaintiff is biologically male, the court will refer to Plaintiff as female out of respect to Plaintiff's self identification as female.
. Because the issues analyzed here arise in the context of a motion to dismiss, this court presents the facts as they are related in Plaintiff’s Second Amended Complaint [# 96], see Trans-Spec Truck Serv., Inc. v. Caterpillar, Inc., 524 F.3d 315, 321 (1st Cir. 2008), and construes those facts in the light most favorable to Plaintiff, see Pettengill v. Curtis, 584 F.Supp.2d 348, 362 (D.Mass. 2008) (quoting Rodriguez-Ortiz v. Margo Caribe, Inc., 490 F.3d 92, 96 (1st Cir. 2007)).
. Second Am. Compl. [# 96] at ¶ 24 (quoting The Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association’s Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorder at 13 (6th ed.) (2001)).
. Id. at ¶ 26.
. Compl. [# 1].
. Mem. and Order [# 64],
. Order [# 92],
. Am. Compl. [# 96].
. Mot. to Dismiss [# 98],
. Mot. to Dismiss [# 104],
.Mot. to Dismiss [# 106].
. Mot. for Summ. J. [# 108],
. [# 132],
'. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 25(d).
. [# 134],
. Phillips v. Methuen, 818 F.Supp.2d 325, 329, 2011 WL 4793220 at *3 (D.Mass. 2011) (citing Special Situations Fund III, L.P. v. Am. Dental Partners, Inc., 775 F.Supp.2d 227, 237 (D.Mass. 2011)).
. Phillips, 818 F.Supp.2d at 329, 2011 WL 4793220 at *3 (quoting Rodriguez-Ortiz v. Margo Caribe, Inc., 490 F.3d 92, 95 (1st Cir. 2007) citing Ocasio-Hernandez v. Fortuno-Burset, 640 F.3d 1, 16 (1st Cir. 2011)).
. Kosilek v. Maloney, 221 F.Supp.2d 156, 185 (D.Mass. 2002).
. Battista v. Clarke, 645 F.3d 449, 453 (1st Cir. 2011) (citing Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 839-40, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994)).
. Id. (citing Farmer, 511 U.S. at 835, 114 S.Ct. 1970).
. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104-05, 97 S.Ct. 285, 50 L.Ed.2d 251 (1976); see also Cecil v. Brace (quoting Feeney v. Corr. Med. Servs., Inc., 464 F.3d 158, 161 (1st Cir. 2006)) ("[F]or medical treatment in a correctional facility to offend either the Eighth or the Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution, the care `must involve acts or omissions sufficiently harmful to evidence deliberate indifference to serious medical needs.’")
. Williams v. Fisher, 2003 WL 22170610, at *7 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) (citing Gill v. Mooney, 824 F.2d 192, 196 (2d Cir. 1987)) ("Prison officials are more than merely negligent if they deliberately defy the express instructions of a prisoner’s doctor."), see also Johnson v. Wright, 234 F.Supp.2d 352, 361 (S.D.N.Y. 2002) ("Prison officials may not `substitute their judgments for a medical professional’s prescription.’") (quoting Zentmyer v. Kendall County, 220 F.3d 805, 812 (7th Cir. 2000)); Wandell v. Koenigsmann, 2000 WL 1036030, at *7 (S.D.N.Y. July 27, 2000) ("Proof of deliberate indifference may be found where a prison official or employee `intentionally denies or delay[s] access to medical care or intentionally interferes with the treatment once prescribed.’" (quoting Estelle, 429 U.S. at 104-05, 97 S.Ct. 285)).
. See Braga v. Hodgson, 605 F.3d 58, 61 (1st Cir. 2010) (granting summary judgment in favor of Defendant Sheriff because of Plaintiff's failure to allege Sheriff's “personal involvement with or knowledge of [Plaintiff’s] medical care.”).
. Ramirez v. Colon, 21 F.Supp.2d 96, 98 (D.P.R. 1997).
. See Trans-Spec Truck Serv., Inc. v. Caterpillar, Inc., 524 F.3d 315, 321 (1st Cir. 2008); Pettengill v. Curtis, 584 F.Supp.2d 348, 362 (D.Mass. 2008) (quoting Rodriguez-Ortiz v. Margo Caribe, Inc., 490 F.3d 92, 96 (1st Cir. 2007)).
. Second Am. Compl. [# 96] at ¶¶ 21-22. See also [# 99] at 14 (acknowledging that to state an Eighth Amendment violation Plaintiff would have to allege that Defendant acted with deliberate indifference to Plaintiff's GID), [# 105] (in the memorandum, defendants do not contest that GID may constitute a serious medical need), and [# 107] at 7, n. 3 (stating that Defendants do not contest whether GID is a serious medical need for the purposes of this motion.).
. Second Am. Compl. [# 96] at ¶¶ 26-29. Because this court has ALLOWED Plaintiff's Unopposed Motion to Withdraw Without Prejudice Plaintiff s Claims With Regard to Finasteride, [# 134], only Plaintiff's claims seeking laser hair removal and/or electrolysis remain.
. Second Am. Compl. [# 96] at ¶ 26.
. Id. at ¶ 28.
. Id. at ¶ 29.
. Id. at ¶ 34.
. Adams v. Federal Bureau of Prisons, 716 F.Supp.2d 107, 112 (D.Mass. 2010) (Tauro, L).
. [# 96] at ¶ 28.
. [# 96] at ¶ 35-60.
. Williams v. Fisher, 2003 WL 22170610, at *7 (citing Gill v. Mooney, 824 F.2d 192, 196 (2d Cir. 1987)); see also Thomas v. Rufo, 1994 WL 175047, *4 (D.Mass. 1994) (finding that whether failure to provide Plaintiff with prescribed medication amounted to deliberate indifference is a factual issue not appropriately disposed of on summary judgment).
. Battista 645 F.3d at 453 (citing DesRosiers v. Moran, 949 F.2d 15, 19 (1st Cir. 1991)).
. Ramirez v. Colon, 21 F.Supp.2d 96, 98 (D.P.R. 1997).
. [# 111] at 10, 2d Am. Compl. ¶¶ 12-13, 30, 59-60.
. [# 96] at ¶ 59.
. Id. at ¶ 9.
. See Id. ¶¶ 9, 28, 57, 61-62.
. Id. at ¶ 57.
. [# 107] at 7-15.
. See Thomas v. Rufo, 1994 WL 175047, *4 (D.Mass. 1994) (finding that whether failure to provide Plaintiff with prescribed medication amounted to deliberate indifference is a factual issue not appropriately disposed of on summary judgment).
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 25(d) ("An action does not abate when a public officer who is a party in an official capacity dies, resigns, or otherwise ceases to hold office while the action is pending. The officer’s successor is automatically substituted as a party.”)
. Second Am. Compl. [# 96] at ¶¶ 39-49, 55, 58, 61-65.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Christine ALEXANDER v. Lawrence WEINER, Robert Diener, M.D., Rebecca Lubelczyk, M.D., and Does 1-10, all in their individual and official capacities
- Cited By
- 7 cases
- Status
- Published