Archibald v. Commercial Travellers' Eastern Accident Ass'n
Archibald v. Commercial Travellers' Eastern Accident Ass'n
Opinion of the Court
The only question to be decided is the construction and application of the by-laws of the defendant fixing the amount payable to the plaintiff, the beneficiary named in a certificate of membership issued by the defendant to her late husband, Isaac Archibald. By agreement of the parties, all other issues are settled in favor of the plaintiff. The defendant’s by-laws, in force at the time of the accident and at the time of the death of Isaac Archibald, provided:
“But in no event shall the amount so paid to the said beneficiary exceed the sum of five thousand dollars, unless loss of life shall have resulted from accident which occurred to the member while riding as a passenger on a passenger train and inside a passenger car thereof, which train or car was propelled by steam power or while such train was being operated by electricity, in which case the amount so paid shall not exceed ten thousand dollars.
“The latter benefit does not extend to electric subways, thbes, trolley systems, independent third-rail systems, or to any public conveyance whatsoever, other than steam railroads, with or without electric terminal.”
The two agreed statements of facts on which the case is reported without decision, at the request of the parties, under St. 1917, c. 345, recite: “The only issues of fact or law on which the parties disagree are whether, at the time of the accident, Isaac Archibald ‘was riding as a passenger on a passenger train and inside a passenger car thereof, which train or car was propelled by steam power or while such train or car was being operated by electricity,’ and whether the common carrier on which Isaac Archibald was riding at the time of his accident was an ‘ electric subway, tube, trolley system, independent third-rail system, or any public conveyance whatsoever, other than a steam railroad, with or without electric terminal.’ On these issues it is agreed that either party may at the trial introduce any legally competent evidence which it possesses.” When the case came on for trial, no evidence
Isaac Archibald suffered injury, within the terms of his certificate, as a result of which he died on March 2, 1919. When he received the injury, he was “riding as a passenger on a passenger train and inside a passenger car thereof . . . while such train or car was being operated by electricity,” transmitted for that purpose by overhead wires through a trolley pole to an electric motor and controller in the leading car of the train. The train was operated by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, hereinafter called the New Haven Company, a steam railroad, portions of which were operated by electricity so transmitted.
The accident happened on the Warren and Bristol branch of the Providence Division of the New Haven Company. This branch extends from Fall River in this Commonwealth to Providence, Rhode Island, with a branch in the latter State from Warren to Bristol. The Warren and Bristol branch had been built under statutes of Massachusetts and Rhode Island authorizing the construction of four railroads. After such construction, these railroads under proper authority were either leased to or purchased by the Old Colony Railroad Company, which in 1893 leased all the railroads owned or operated by it to the New Haven Company which has operated them ever since. Before 1900, the lines now constituting the Warren and Bristol branch of the New Haven Company had been operated by steam, and their location and construction were and ever since have been those of a railroad whose trains were operated by steam engines: In that year, this branch was equipped by the New Haven Company for the operation of cars by electric power transmitted as hereiiibefore described. Since December 2, 1900, passenger trains on this branch have been commonly propelled' by electricity, although occasionally, about once a month on an average, steam passenger trains are operated over it “on an excursion or other similar occasion.” All freight trains are drawn thereover by steam locomotives which also are used to propel passenger trains when the electric power or apparatus fails. The cars are ordinary steam railroad cars with the name of the New Haven Company appearing thereon, the leading one of each train béing of the same
It is plain that the certificate holder when injured was within the clear words of the paragraph of the by-laws first quoted. He was a passenger whose life was lost because of an accident which occurred when he was riding inside a passenger car on a passenger train propelled by electricity. This the defendant concedes, but it argues that the proviso contained in the second quoted paragraph of the by-laws so restricts the broad language of the first paragraph that the plaintiff is not entitled to payment of the larger sum. Treating the second paragraph as restrictive and as limiting in proper cases the general language, two provisions therein only are of possible application. Omitting the others, the paragraph reads: “The latter benefit does not extend to . . . trolley systems, . or to any public conveyance whatsoever, other than steam railroads, with or without electric terminals.” Considering first the last of these exceptions,, it is apparent that the clear general language of the first quoted paragraph, which includes trains operated by electricity, is not modified nor controlled. This provision prevents the enlargement by construction of the words of the first paragraph and does not restrict its clear language. If otherwise construed, the additional amount payable when an accident occurs resulting in death to a passenger riding in a train or car, while the train was operated by electricity, would be wholly lost. The two provisions must be construed together, and so construed no such result follows.
The proviso, so far as it relates to electric subways, tubes, and independent third-rail systems, is not applicable. However, that relating to “trolley systems” must be considered. The fact that electric power customarily was used by the New Haven Company in operating its trains over a part of its lines and by means of the
The plaintiff, having received already from the defendant $5,000 and interest, in accordance with the terms of the report, is now entitled to judgment for “$5,000 with interest thereon at six per cent from June 27, 1919, and with costs.”
So ordered.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Annie Archibald v. Commercial Travellers' Eastern Accident Association
- Status
- Published