Rent Control Board v. 375 Associates Ltd. Partnership
Rent Control Board v. 375 Associates Ltd. Partnership
Opinion of the Court
The defendant, owner of the Crimson Court Apartments in Cambridge,
There are no material facts in dispute. On November 15, 1984, the defendant purchased the Crimson Court Apartments. The purchase was financed by the proceeds of a mortgage loan by Colonial Mortgage Service Company, doing business as Colonial National Mortgage Company (Colonial Mortgage). The loan to the defendant was guaranteed by HUD pursuant to § 223(f) and § 207 of the National Housing Act, 12 U.S.C. § 1715n(f) (1982), § 1713(b)(2) (1982 & Supp. H 1984). As required by HUD, the defendant agreed that the apartments be operated in accordance with HUD regulations. The regulatory agreement provides that the defendant cannot charge rents “in excess of those approved in writing by the mortgagee [Colonial Mortgage] in accordance with the administrative requirements of [HUD].”
In November, 1984, the defendant notified the tenants that their units were no longer subject to Cambridge rent control.
The board sought a declaration that the apartments were subject to Cambridge rent control, and an injunction to enjoin the defendant from charging rents in excess of those approved
The Federal regulatory scheme which implements § 223 (f) and § 207 of the National Housing Act is the starting point of the analysis. First, 24 C.F.R. § 207.17 (1985) defines an “eligible mortgagor” under the National Housing Act as one who is “regulated or restricted by [HUD] as to rents.” Under the regulations, then, the defendant, as such a mortgagor, is subject to HUD regulation. The form of that regulation is specified by 24 C.F.R. § 207.18 (1985), which provides that (under certain conditions applicable here) the mortgagor will enter a regulatory agreement with the mortgagee for the term of the mortgage. Pursuant to that section, the defendant entered into the November 15, 1984, regulatory agreement.
The regulatory agreement provides that rents must be approved by the mortgagee, here Colonial Mortgage, “in accordance with the administrative requirements of [HUD].” Title 24 C.F.R. § 207.19 (e) (1985) provides that: “No charge shall be made by the mortgagor for the accommodations (rents), facilities or services offered by the project
To seek preemption under 24 C.F.R. § 246.5, a mortgagor must first apply to a local rent control board for an increase, and only then, if the increase is either not granted or is insufficient, can HUD preemption be sought. 24 C.F.R. § 246.6 (a), (b) (1985).
The issue is whether or not HUD “regulates” the rents at the Crimson Court Apartments within the meaning of St. 1976, c. 36, § 3 (b) (3) (ii), under the Federal regulatory scheme through which HUD can choose to preempt local rent control, but only in unusual cases, and on a case-by-case basis. The defendant argues that our recent decision in Rent Control Bd. of Cambridge v. Cambridge Tower Corp., 394 Mass. 809 (1985), “mandates a finding that the rents at Crimson Court Apartments are regulated by HUD within the meaning of Section 3 (b) (3) (ii) of Chapter 36.” To the contrary, that case supports our holding that the Crimson Court Apartments are subject to Cambridge rent control.
In Rent Control Bd. of Cambridge v. Cambridge Tower Corp., supra at 813-815, we rejected a similarly narrow reading of the word “regulates." In that case we held that the Federal regulations implementing § 221 (d) (4) of the National Housing Act [23 C.F.R. § 221.531 (c) (1984), see 12 U.S.C. § 1715/(d)(4) (1982)] did not constitute regulation within the meaning of St. 1976, c. 36, § 3 (b) (3) (ii). The prior HUD regulation [24 C.F.R. § 221.531(c) (1983)] was amended in 1983 to provide that “the mortgagor shall determine the charge for accommodations, facilities, or services offered by the project.” 48 Fed. Reg. 16674 (1983). 24 C.F.R § 221.531 (c) (1984). The new regulation was specifically designed to end HUD’s discretionary rent control of properties mortgaged under § 221(d)(4) of the National Housing Act. 48 Fed. Reg. 16670 (1983). See Rent Control Bd. of Cambridge v. Cambridge Tower Corp., supra at 812, 813. Amended regulation 24 C.F.R. § 221.531 (c) (5) (1984) provided that “[a]ny state or local law, ordinance or regulation regulating the rents of projects subject to this paragraph may be preempted only as provided in Part 246 of this chapter [24 C.F.R. § 246 (1984)].” The “dispositive” Federal regulations in Rent Control Bd. of Cambridge, supra at 813, provided that rents be set by mortgagors, subject to local rent control and subject to potential HUD preemption under Part 246.
Second, the defendant argues that since Rent Control Bd. of Cambridge v. Cambridge Tower Corp. held that the amended regulations did not “regulate” within the meaning of c. 36, § 3 {b) (3) (ii), the prior regulations, allegedly similar to those applicable here, did so “regulate.” The short answer is that the only issue considered in Rent Control Bd. of Cambridge was whether the amended regulations triggered the exemption of St. 1976, c. 36, § 3 (b) (3) (ii). Id. at 812. We did not consider the prior regulatory scheme in any comprehensive way in Rent Control Bd. of Cambridge, nor is anything in that holding predicated on the premise that the prior Federal regulatory scheme in fact “regulated” the rents. Furthermore, it is unnecessary to consider the prior regulatory scheme since the amended regulatory scheme in Rent Control Bd. of Cambridge tracks the one at hand so as to make that case dispositive.
Judgment affirmed.
The Crimson Court Apartments consist of sixty residential units located at 375-375A Harvard Street in Cambridge.
Crimson Court Apartments have been subject to rent control since 1970. The defendant sent a letter to the board notifying it that the defendant considered the property exempt from local rent control as of purchase date, November 15, 1984.
The record does not demonstrate that the Crimson Court Apartments are a “project” under the regulations. Both parties, HUD, and the judge, however, have assumed this is so, and we reach the merits of the case on that assumption.
The defendant receives no Federal subsidy for these apartments.
The application to HUD has various other requirements as well. See 24 C.F.R. §§ 246.7, 246.8 (1985).
The record does not reflect a final HUD resolution of that matter.
Even if the internal agency notice, which purported to allow mortgagors to choose to be regulated by HUD, had the force of law (which we held it did not) “such a one-way street is not ‘regulation’ of rents within the meaning
The defendant argues that the plain and unambiguous meaning of the word “regulates” in the Cambridge rent control act mandates the opposite conclusion, branding any other reading “judicial activism.” However, nothing could be plainer than that HUD is not “regulating” rents when it specifically defers to local rent control boards. The only sense in which HUD regulates rents is by providing for regulation by local rent control boards (except under unusual circumstances). The plain meaning of the word “regulate” does not incorporate such an arrangement. We read “regulates” to mean actively and affirmatively regulating.
Reference
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- Rent Control Board of Cambridge v. The 375 Associates Limited Partnership
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