delivered the opinion of the Court.

To the bill of complaint as first filed in this case the defendants demurred, and an amended bill was filed making an additional party. The case arises from a sequence of facts which, as alleged in the bill, were as follows:

On the 27th of October, 1919, Barbara Kreuzer entered into a written contract by which she agreed to sell to Wilson B. Stringer the property and premises known as No. 214 North Calvert Street in Baltimore City for a consideration of $12,000, and, of the amount of the purchase money, $500 was paid in cash and the balance was to be paid on or about November 27th, 1919. On November 20th, Stringer obtained from Barbara Kreuzer au extension of time within which to complete his purchase and, while this contract was in force, Stringer sold the property to one Myerberg for the sum of $11,000. Six days after the contract for this sale had been signed, Myerberg made a contract to sell the *416 property to Iiorwitz, the appellant, for the sum of $15,500. All of these contracts for these successive sales) are alleged to have been in writing, and in none of them was the time of completion of the contract declared to he of the essence of the contract. During the time that matters stood in this condition, Mrs. Kreuzer sold the property to Charles J. Dobler for the specified consideration of $17,500, and which last mentioned contract has been in part performed and carried out by the execution, on the 17th of July, 1920, of a deed and certain mortgages. To this amended hill a demurrer was filed by the defendants, Wilson B. Stringer, Barbara Kreuzer, and Charles J. Doblei*.

Of the various contracts of sale the only one appearing in the record is that between Hathan J. Myerberg and Samuel Horwiitz, nor is the agreement for* the extension of time included in the record, or even a statement of the length of time for which the extension was given.

The amended hill asks for a decree for the specific/ performance to Horwitz of the contract between Mrs. Kreuzer and Stringer. The demurrers alleged two grounds of demurrer, first, a lack of privity between Mrs. Kreuzer and Mr. Horwitz; and second, laches. A third might have been set. forth, in the failure to include among; the pleading's and in the record certain of the papers alleged to' have been executed, a failure which, under numerous decisions of this court, is necessarily fatal to the maintenance of such a hill. Tt is also to he noticed that nowhere in the hill does Mr. Horwitz allege his ability to carry out the terms of the contract made hv him with Myerberg. This too is an allegation always necessary to sustain such a bill. Pie does allege his readiness and willingness to- carry it out, but stops there, and the ability of performance is just as important as is a willingness to do so. Mr. Miller, in his volume on Equity, secs. 656, 659, lays down the rule that the plaintiff must make it appear that he is able and willing to perform his part of the contract. The hill is also deficient in that there is no allegation as to the length of the extension of time for the performance of the *417 contract which, it is said, was given by Mrs. Kreuzer to Stringer, and in that respect the Mil is deficient as well as in the matters already referred to*.

Coming now to the chief ground of the demurrer, viz.: lack of privity. The privity of parties may arise or exist, according to Black (Black’s Dictionary, page 941), in any one of six ways. The present case has only to do with the third, fourth and fifth grounds* set out by Mr. Black: in estate, such as grantor and grantee, assignor and assignee; privity of contract, but this is limited to the person of the lessor and lessee because it is treated as a personal contract only; privity in respect of estate and contract, as where the lessee assigns his interest but the contract between the lessor and lessee continues, the lessor not having accepted the substitution of the assignee. If now we apply this statement to* the facts as alleged, the assent of Mrs. Kreuzer* to the atempted substitution of Horwitz as purchaser under the various successive contracts was never had, and even if she had, as alleged in the bill, knowledge of these attempted substitutions, and did not give her -consent, there was no privity between Mrs. Kreuzer and Mr. Horwitz, which he was capable of enforcing in a court of equity.

With regard to the defense of laches, ordinarily, in real estate transactions, time is not treated as of the essence* of a contract unless it is so expressly provided in the contract itself. Penn v. McCullough, 76 Md. 229. But it may become such where prejudice has been or may be caused to one of the parties-. Hopper v. Brodie, 134 Md. 290. Mere lapse of time, in an equity court, where* the specific- performance of a contract is endeavored to be enforced, is not, when standing alone, a sufficient ground for the sustaining of a demurrer filed to the bill, but when there is a conjunction of lapse of time and prejudice to one or the* other of the parties it is often so regarded.

Several of the contracts recited in the bill were made in or about the time when the* world war was raging, and when *418 speculations in real estate was rife in the City of Baltimore, as is shown by the fluctuation in the prices placed on this: property, ranging from. $11,000 to $17,500, from which it is manifest that prejudice must inevitably result to Mrs. Kreuzer from the granting of a decree such as is prayed for in this case.

This Court entirely concurs with the action taken by the court below in sustaining the demurrer and dismissing the bin.

Decree affirmed and hill dismissed, costs to he paid hy the appellant.