State v. Rowe
State v. Rowe
Opinion of the Court
On appeal and exceptions. The respondent, a practicing attorney, was employed by one Martel, the complainant, in connection with alleged income tax deficiencies. At the outset, the respondent received from his client $100 as a “retainer.” On the same day, Martel gave him a further sum of $350 which, by the terms of the receipt therefor, was “In re compromise settlement proposed w/U. S. Treasury.” At this time the claim of the Government for unpaid taxes, penalties and interest, as stipulated by the State’s attorney, exceeded $4,000, and both lawyer and client entertained the hope that a satisfactory compromise adjustment might be effected. About nine months later the respondent received a further sum of $1150 from Martel and furnished a receipt indicating that the payment comprised “Monies held re: tax settlement U. S. v. Martel.” No settlement having been consummated, the matter was set for hearing in the U. S. Tax Court and to defray the anticipated cost of travel to Boston, the respondent drew upon his client for an additional $50. On February 25, 1956 the respondent expressed the need for more funds to compromise and satisfy the claims of the Government. Thereupon the complainant gave the respondent the sum of $1250 “to pay the income tax in Boston.” The final decision of the Tax Court, after hearing, produced an award of $199.52, which Martel later paid to the Government out of his own funds.
The jury could properly conclude that the complainant is obviously uneducated, handicapped by an inadequate understanding of the English language, and unable to fully comprehend the nature of the negotiations and proceedings involving alleged tax deficiencies. The jury could find that he relied entirely upon the representations and good faith of his attorney-trustee.
The respondent’s first and second exceptions raise no issue of law and cannot be considered. The rule has been so often stated as to require no citation of authority that a bill of exceptions must in clear and understandable form set forth the alleged error of the court and indicate in what manner the party is prejudiced thereby. The District Director of Internal Revenue was presented by the State to prove that the respondent had not at any time turned over any money to the Government on behalf of the complainant. The court denied the respondent the right to have the entire confidential file of the Government bearing on the income tax matters of the complainant produced by this witness in court. The court further refused to compel the witness to testify concerning exhibits which were subsequently excluded from evidence. The bill of exceptions fails to inform us as to what the contents of the file or the exhibits might have tended to prove or how the respondent was prejudiced by the rulings of the court. The exhibits are not reproduced in the record and were not included in any offer of proof. The exceptions cannot stand alone and furnish no vehicle for an intelligent review.
The third exception relates to the refusal of the presiding justice to order a mistrial. The events which prompted the motion were closely associated with those touched upon above in connection with the first and second exceptions. The direct examination of the District Director of Internal Revenue was brief and was confined to proof that the amount finally determined to be due from the taxpayer was $199.52, that no part of this sum was ever paid by the respondent, but that this sum was ultimately paid in full by an attorney (other than the respondent) acting for the taxpayer. These facts are obviously not disputed by the respondent. When upon cross-examination the respondent sought to compel the witness to divulge the contents of the Government’s file relating to the taxpayer, the witness claimed privilege, respectfully declined to answer, and produced a telegram from the U. S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue as follows:
“Letter dated April 28, 1958 from York County Attorney Marcel Viger requests testimony May 6, 1958 deadline in State v. Richard W. Rowe that Mr. Rowe never turned over $2500.00 in settlement of tax case of Octave Martel, Biddeford, which was settled in 1956 for $199.52. Permission granted you to furnish statement certifying you are custodian of records containing information statement, and, if such is the case, that no money turned over to Service — that means Internal Rev*353 enue Service — by Mr. Rowe in settlement of Martel’s tax case, Tax Court Docket No. 51812, December 22, 1956. Signed, Russell C. Harrington, Commissioner.”
The court, as we have seen, granted the privilege and the respondent moved for mistrial. In his supporting statement, respondent’s attorney treated the court’s ruling as a total and prejudicial denial of the right of cross-examination. In specifying the adverse effect of the alleged deprivation, however, he asserted only that the effect of the testimony already given by the witness would be to create in the mind of the jury the false impression that $199.52 was the most the Government ever claimed against the taxpayer. As already noted, no such misconception could possibly have existed in the light of all the evidence. Moreover, immediately after the denial of the motion for mistrial, the respondent’s counsel was permitted to resume cross-examination of the Director who, without claiming privilege, again reaffirmed his previous testimony that the original claim before Tax Court adjudication was in excess of $4,000. As long as the approximate amount was known and was admittedly substantial, the exact amount of it was obviously immaterial upon any theory of this case.
Congress has by statute provided penalties to be imposed on any official who divulges a confidential matter in the Government files of an income tax payer. It is obvious that sound public policy makes necessary full protection of the confidential disclosures of such a tax payer. In an appropriate case we may have occasion to consider whether federal statutes have created a privilege or a prohibition, whether or to what extent the privilege, if it be one, may be waived by the Government and whether the ability of the State to prosecute a crime successfully must sometimes yield to this privilege. Such an examination is not required on the facts of this case. As stated in 58 Am. Jur. 368, Sec. 673: “However, the refusal to permit a question on
The entry will be
Appeal denied. Exceptions 1 and 2 dismissed. Exceptions 3 and U overruled. Judgment for the State.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- State of Maine v. Richard W. Rowe
- Status
- Published