Russell v. Duchess Footwear
Russell v. Duchess Footwear
Opinion of the Court
Jonathan Russell appeals from a decision of the Appellate Division of the Workers’ Compensation Commission upholding the hearing commissioner’s denial of Russell’s motion requesting findings of fact and rulings of law pursuant to 39 M.R.S.A. § 99 (Supp. 1984). We dismiss the appeal for lack of a final judgment.
In March 1982, Jonathan Russell petitioned the Commission for an award of compensation, claiming he had been injured in the course of his employment at Duchess Footwear in South Berwick. On March 31, 1983, after hearing, the commissioner denied Russell’s petition. While not contending that the commissioner’s office failed to mail him a copy of the decision in the ordinary course of business, Russell claims his first notice of the disposition was in May 1983. On May 31, Russell moved for findings of fact and conclusions of law as provided by 39 M.R.S.A. § 99 (Supp. 1984).
Russell argues on appeal to this court that the Appellate Division erred in its determination that “20 days after notice of the decision” means twenty days from the time notice was mailed. He contends that the twenty day period should commence upon actual receipt of the notice of decision. To support his position, Russell refers us to sections 103-B and 103-C of the statute, which provide for appeals to the Appellate Division and to this court. 39 M.R.S.A. §§ 103-B & 103-C (Supp. 1984). Both sections require that such appeals must be taken “within 20 days after receipt of notice of the filing of the decision.” Id. Russell urges us to interpret the section 99 language as the equivalent of the appeal provisions.
We need not, however, construe section 99. Russell does not present us with a final judgment, which we require for our review, but appeals from an interlocutory order. See 2 Field, McKusick & Wroth, Maine Civil Practice § 73.1 (2d ed. 1970 & Supp. 1981). With no final adjudication of his claim for compensation at the Appellate Division level, any review of the denial of Russell’s motion for findings of fact and rulings of law is premature.
The entry is:
Appeal dismissed.
It is further ordered that employer pay to the employee an allowance for counsel fees in the amount of $550 together with his reasonable out-of-pocket expenses for this appeal.
McKUSICK, C.J., and NICHOLS, WATHEN and SCOLNIK, JJ., concur.
. The statute provides in pertinent part:
The commissioner shall, upon the request of a party made as a motion within 20 days after notice of the decision ... find the facts specially and state separately its conclusions of law thereon....
39 M.R.S.A. § 99 (Supp. 1984).
Concurring Opinion
concurring.
I agree that the instant appeal must be dismissed. The appellant-employee’s petition for review of the decision of the Appellate Division of the Workers’ Compensation Commission (the Division) in this case was improvidently granted by this Court pursuant to 39 M.R.S.A. § 103-C(3).
The petition for award of compensation was initially denied by a single commissioner of the Workers’ Compensation Commission (the Commission) on March 31, 1983. The decision, however, so it is claimed, did not come to the attention of the employee’s
This Court has always recognized that the procedures before the Workers’ Compensation Commission, formerly the Industrial Accident Commission, as they are spelled out by the compensation act, are mandatory and jurisdictional. Girouard’s Case, 145 Me. 62, 64, 71 A.2d 682, 683 (1950). The review provisions of the statute offering appellate relief from decisions under the act have also been held mandatory and jurisdictional. Girouard’s Case, supra, 145 Me. at 67, 71 A.2d at 685. As stated in Wood v. Cives Construction Corporation, 438 A.2d 905, 909 (Me. 1981), the Law Court and the Superior Court [now the Appellate Division of the Workers’ Compensation Commission under the amended legislation], when passing on workers’ compensation appeals, have only those powers granted by statute. The statutory appeal mechanism, as formulated by the Legislature, controls.
Prior to the legislative creation of an Appellate Division of the Workers’ Compensation Commission in 1981 and the incorporation of that quasi-judicial body as an integral part of the appellate process in workers’ compensation cases, the compensation act, as interpreted by this Court, required that the appeal process could be invoked only from final decisions or judgments. See Joyce v. Conary, 317 A.2d 794 (Me. 1974) (premature appeal of decision respecting issue of jurisdiction of commission). It was also held that reviewability of Commission action was limited to the issues decided at the Commission level and
The general purpose of this statute [requiring the entry of pro forma decree] was to facilitate finality of decision in respect to whether an injured workman was, or not, within the protection of the compensation law. (Emphasis added).
Middleton’s Case, 136 Me. 108, 110, 3 A.2d 434, 436 (1939). Failure to articulate in the judgment appealed from the particular relief granted deprived the judgment of finality and reviewability. See Martin v. Scott Paper Co., 434 A.2d 514, 515-16 (Me. 1981); Stadler v. Nativity Lutheran Church, 436 A.2d 892 (Me. 1981); Poitras v. R.E. Glidden Body Shop, Inc., 424 A.2d 326 (Me. 1981); Murphy v. City of Bangor, 422 A.2d 1013, 1014 (Me. 1980).
We noted in Pomerleau v. United Parcel Service, 464 A.2d 206, 209 (Me. 1983), that “[w]hen the Legislature established the Appellate Division as an intermediate appellate body to review the decisions of the Workers’ Compensation Commission, it did not vest that body with any broader powers of appellate review than are enjoyed by this Court.” As a matter of fact, the legislation, in an effort to foster judicial economy, provided for the elimination of the Superior Court in the former automatistic pro forma decree process and clothed the Division with similar appellate relief powers as were exercised by the Law Court, making this intermediate appellate body the final appeal forum, if the Law Court in its discretion failed to grant further appellate review pursuant to 39 M.R.S.A. § 103-C(3).
In the instant case, the employee’s appeal, whether considered at the Division level or at the Law Court stage, purports to seek appellate review of a Commission decision respecting a clearly interlocutory matter. We do recognize that Rule 73(a), M.R.Civ.P. provides that an appeal shall not be dismissed because it is designated as being taken from an order denying a motion for making findings of fact or conclusions of law as requested under Rule 52(a),
The Appellate Division of the Workers’ Compensation Commission, like the Commission itself, is an administrative tribunal or agency, possessing only such jurisdiction, powers and authority as are conferred on it by express legislative grant or such as arise therefrom by implication as necessary and incidental to the full and complete exercise of the powers granted. It has a procedure all its own and borrows nothing by implication from the courts or court rules. See Conners’ Case, 121 Me. 37, 40, 115 A. 520, 521 (1921). Both the Commission and the Division have been given powers by the Legislature to make rules and regulations for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the statute.
In the absence of any evidence of the promulgation by the Appellate Division of the Workers’ Compensation Commission, on appeals from Commission decisions, of a rule purporting as does Rule 73(a), M.R. Civ.P., to disregard the designation of the appeal when stated to be from the denial of a motion for making findings of facts and conclusions of law and treating the same as an appeal from the judgment, the failure of Mr. Russell to bring before the Division the underlying decision of the Commission denying his petition for award of compensation (which is the final judgment in the case) by appealing both decisions precluded the Division from acquiring jurisdiction of the appeal. One cannot appeal from a mere finding. Parlin v. G.H. Bass & Co., 423 A.2d 948, 950 (Me. 1980). For these reasons, the employee’s appeal must be dismissed.
. The Commission’s decision, a copy of which was filed with the Division, focused solely on the denial of the motion for findings of facts and conclusions of law, as the following reproduction of that document shows, without specific reference to the nature of the underlying decision by which the employee then stood aggrieved:
This matter came before the Commission on a Motion for Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law dated May 25, 1983 regarding a decision mailed to counsel for the employee on April 7, 1983 by the Workers’ Compensation Commission.
The Motion seeks relief from the mandate of § 99 requiring counsel to submit its Motion for Findings of Fact and Conclusion [sic] of Law in twenty days.
After consideration, the Commission denied the employee’s Motion for the reason that it was not timely filed.
So Ordered.
Dated: 7-14-83
Workers’ Compensation Commission
s/_
Commissioner
. Of course, decisions of the Workers' Compensation Commission may be reported directly to the Law Court, subject to the constraints of M.R.Civ.P. 72. Wilner Wood Products Co. v. Moyse, 466 A.2d 1257, 1260, n. 5 (Me. 1983). See 39 M.R.S.A. § 103-D.
. 39 M.R.S.A. § 99 similarly mandates the commissioner to find the facts specially and state separately the Commission’s conclusions of law thereon in workers' compensation cases upon the request of a party made as a motion within 20 days after notice of the decision.
.39 M.R.S.A. § 92 provides in pertinent part:
The commission ... shall have powers to make rules and regulations not inconsistent with this Act or other laws of the State for the*260 purpose of carrying out the provisions hereof. It may prescribe forms and make suitable orders as to procedure adapted to secure a speedy, efficient and inexpensive disposition of all proceedings. ...
39 M.R.S.A. § 103-A(2) further mandates that
[t]he division shall establish uniform rules of procedure calculated to provide a prompt and inexpensive review of a decision by the commission.
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Jonathan L. RUSSELL v. DUCHESS FOOTWEAR and Aetna Casualty & Surety Co.
- Cited By
- 3 cases
- Status
- Published