Reinecke v. Sheehy
Reinecke v. Sheehy
Opinion of the Court
This prolonged litigation began with a dispute between Clinton and Josephine Reinecke, husband and wife, and John B. Sheehy
The Reineckes now appeal from both judgments below by leave in the forfeiture action, by right as plaintiffs-appellants in the tort action. We will deal with the forfeiture action first.
la
Defense counsel has raised four issues on his appeal of the forfeiture judgment. First, the claim is made that the district court and the circuit court erred in finding that they had jurisdiction over the tenancy by the entireties property when there was no service of process of the complaint and affidavit to recover land on a land contract made on Josephine Reinecke. The return of service by the officer shows that they were served on Mr. Reinecke only. At the September 29, 1969, hearing on defense counsel’s motion for a new trial this issue was extensively discussed. Mrs. Reinecke took the witness stand and testified that she watched from the back door of her house when her
Defense counsel also claims that the circuit court on appeal erred in not entering a default judgment in favor of defendants because of plaintiff Sheehy’s failure to enter an appearance in accordance with GCR 1963, 705.11. That rule reads:
"Notice of Appearance; Service, Filing. Each appellee, after being served with a copy of any claim of appeal or*256 order allowing an appeal, shall serve a notice of appearance upon each appellant or his attorney of record, and shall file a copy thereof in the circuit court within 5 days after service upon such appellee.”
While plaintiff did not file a notice of appearance within the required time limit he did file a notice of appearance and an appeal brief on January 6, 1970, approximately 20 days late. A month later defense counsel moved for a default judgment on the basis of that tardy notice of appearance. There is no provision made for a default judgment based on a tardy notice of appearance in the GCR 1963. GCR 1963, 705.15 allows the circuit court to correct errors or defaults "either on motion and notice to the adverse party, or on the hearing of any motion to dismiss based on such default or error, upon such terms as may be just”. (Emphasis added.) The circuit court below did not specifically rule on defense counsel’s motion for entry of a default judgment in his opinion. Nor was the motion for a default judgment mentioned at all in the February 9, 1970, hearing supposedly called to discuss it. Under the circumstances we must take the omission to discuss the matter as a denial of the motion to enter a default judgment by. the circuit judge. We concur in that denial.
Ib
Two other issues defense counsel raises, while not determinative of this case, are also worthy of brief discussion in order to avoid their further litigation. Defense counsel claims that there was no proper acceleration of payments due under the contract, since the notice of intention only demanded payment in full of all payments past due. However, the notice of intention also declared that
The claim is also made that Sheehy waived his right to declare a forfeiture by accepting payments July 12, 1969, one day after the notice of intention was served. Defense counsel asserts that since the Court of Appeals previously did not find default, this ruling bars via res judicata a finding of default now. Defense counsel misreads the holding of Reinecke v Sheehy, supra; there we did not deal with any future default, since the only task before us was one of deciding the nature of the land contract and the various rights and duties under the contract. Moreover, accepting partial payments after service of the notice of intention to declare a forfeiture and before the time allowed in the notice to cure the delinquency had expired (herein ten days) cannot constitute a waiver by the vendor of his right to declare a forfeiture. Indeed, the vendor is obligated to accept payments toward the balance due until the grace period set out in the notice of intention runs out. This is mandated by the very wording of the notice of intention. While defense counsel insists that the ten days was not a reasonable time to make the notice of intention effective, the only authority he asserts
II
The district court as aforesaid entered its judgment September 15, 1969, in the forfeiture action. Thereafter a writ of restitution was issued November 24, 1969, and executed December 5, 1969. The issuance of the writ followed by the execution was improper, and objected to by defense counsel, because 90 days had not passed since September 15, 1969, in accordance with MCLA 600.5673; MSA 27A.5673. That statute prevented the issuance of a writ of restitution for 90 days after judgment and allowed the Reineckes 90 days in which to redéem. Furthermore, the Reineckes had filed bond pending appeal to the circuit court in accordance with GCR 1963, 701.7 on November 17, 1969, and had served notice of the bond on Sheehy’s counsel, giving him notice that the proceedings would thus be stayed pending outcome of the appeal. The stay in the proceedings due to the bond filing and the 90-day grace period having been ignored, the Reineckes sued Sheehy, court officer Nicholas Nagy, and two others who apparently aided Nagy in executing the writ, for damages for allegedly wrongfully and tortiously dispossessing them of
Plaintiffs attack the validity of the writ of restitution on various grounds, but do not claim the writ to be invalid on its face. The court below decided that since the writ appeared valid on its face, there could be no liability on the part of the defendants. We believe this issue can be best treated by dealing with Sheehy’s liability separately from the other defendants.
First, as to Nagy and his assistants, the circuit court found as follows:
"It is the opinion of this court that the acts of the court officer complying with such order [writ of restitution] cannot be questioned by these plaintiffs in a separate action for damages against the court officer. Again this court will point out that the actions complained of only go so far as to the legality of the action taken and not whether or not the officer exceeded his authority or went beyond the terms of that order.”
This action was dismissed below on a motion for a summary judgment stating that plaintiffs had not "alleged such facts” as would give the court jurisdiction to grant relief. We take this motion to be one for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. GCR 1963, 117.2(1). Only if no valid claim of relief is alleged, then, would the circuit court’s grant of the motion have been proper. Ordinarily, of course, a judgment or order of a court having apparent jurisdiction, if valid on its face completely protects a sheriff or constable from liability for any proper or necessary act done in its execution, even if the judgment or order is otherwise void. Finn v Peck, 47 Mich 208 (1881); Miller v Hahn, 116 Mich 607 (1898). See also, Bloss v Williams, 15 Mich App 228 (1968), where a
As to the dismissal of the action against Sheehy, we have less difficulty. At the instigation of Sheehy’s counsel the district court, ignoring the statutory 90-day grace period preceding the issuance of a writ of restitution, and ignoring its own grant of 90 days to redeem and the bond-initiated stay pending appeal, issued a writ of restitution on the forfeiture judgment. We express no opinion on whether the premature issuance of the writ was instigated with malicious intent on the part of Sheehy as is charged by plaintiffs. We do conclude, however, that the grant of defendants’ motion for summary judgment as to Sheehy was, like the disposition of the suit as to the other defendants but for different reasons, erroneous. The motion for summary judgment claimed that since the writ of restitution was lawfully issued pursuant to a proper judgment of forfeiture, no valid claim could be made for actions arising out of the láwful execution of the writ. To the contrary, the writ was void since prematurely issued, and while it might have appeared valid on its face, Sheehy’s counsel was on notice of defendants’ bond that once filed stayed the proceedings pending appeal, and certainly was aware of the 90-day redemption
The summary judgment in the tort action is reversed and remanded. The forfeiture judgment is reversed as void for lack of jurisdiction below and restitution of the premises to the Reineckes is hereby ordered. Costs to appellants in both actions.
Concurring in Part
(concurring in part, dissenting in part). I concur in the majority opinion of Judge Holbrook in all respects except as to the finding that it was improper to dismiss the Reineckes’ tort action against court officer Nagy and his assistants. The rule in Michigan would still seem to be that a court officer serving a writ valid on its face in civil proceedings is not obligated to draw legal conclusions regarding the validity of its procurement. Foster v Wiley, 27 Mich 244, 249-250 (1873); Miller v Hahn, 116 Mich 607, 609 (1898). It is my opinion that this Court should not ask a layman to second-guess the judgment of the district court. Even though erroneous, the district court determined that a writ of restitution should issue. The fact that Nagy was in the courtroom at this time and heard objections to the issuance of the writ did not put him on notice that the writ was
Reference
- Full Case Name
- Reinecke v. Sheehy; Sheehy v. Reinecke
- Cited By
- 4 cases
- Status
- Published