Kakligian v. Henry Ford Hospital
Kakligian v. Henry Ford Hospital
Opinion of the Court
Plaintiff herein appeals from
Plaintiffs wife died of cancer on June 14, 1966. She was employed as a registered nurse by defendant hospital. She had first sought treatment from Dr. David Mitchell at Ford Hospital in April, 1964, for pain and swelling in her left ankle. A lengthy series of treatments followed, attempting to discover the cause of her symptoms. In December, 1965, a biopsy resulted in a diagnosis of Rhabdomyosarcoma, a cancer, in the left foot.
During the 20-month interval between the first treatment and the final diagnosis of cancer, several tentative conclusions were made and treatment was prescribed as a result. When the symptoms did not abate, the first of four biopsies was made. A lesion developed which did not heal. Mrs. Kakligian was also treated at her own request by Drs. Benninson and Frost. No cancer was diagnosed, but Dr. Frost was at least suspicious of its presence.
A third biopsy done on December 13, 1965, was diagnosed as Rhabdomyosarcoma. Further tests indicated that the cancer had not spread and Mrs. Kakligian’s leg was amputated above the knee on January 3,1966.
I.
Was there serious prejudice to plaintiffs cause by defendants’ opening statement during which
Plaintiff argues that any mention of revenge as a motive to the suit was highly improper since that issue was not properly before the court at trial. No remedy could be had which would end the prejudice in the minds of the jurors. Indeed, from the record it appears that plaintiff’s counsel spent much time attempting to undo the damage. Later, on cross-examination of the plaintiff, defense counsel developed the contents of a letter threatening the life of Dr. David Mitchell and responded to an objection by arguing that the question was relevant because he had raised it in his opening statement. The trial judge allowed plaintiff’s statement in because, he said, "I would imagine it is important to your defense”.
Again in closing, defendants’ counsel hammered home the vengence-revenge motive of the plaintiff. Plaintiff’s counsel interposed vociferous objection and a portion of defendants’ closing argument was struck. The trial court gave no cautionary instruc
Why the suit was brought is irrelevant. We conclude that defendants’ attorney injected the matter of revenge for the sole purpose of appealing to the jury’s bias and prejudice. Plaintiff is entitled to a new trial. Morrison v Skeels, 16 Mich App 727; 168 NW2d 644 (1969); Lapasinskas v Quick, 17 Mich App 733, 739; 170 NW2d 318, 320-321 (1969).
II.
Did the trial court err reversibly when it sustained a defense objection to a question by plaintiff on redirect examination in regard to what a proper standard of practice would be for a pathologist? As a general rule admission of evidence on redirect examination, properly a part of the casein-chief, rests in the discretion of the trial court. Detroit & Milwaukee R Co v Van Steinberg, 17 Mich 99 (1868); Gilchrist v Mystic Workers of the World, 196 Mich 247; 163 NW 10 (1917).
When defendants’ counsel cross-examined Dr. Goldman, it was brought out that pathological diagnosis is by no means a certainty. After some
III.
Did the trial court err in refusing to give Standard Jury Instruction 12.07? Plaintiff had alleged that defendant Ford Hospital had violated Rule 325.1027(7.12) of the Michigan Administrative Code which requires:
"There shall be a written hospital policy denoting when consultation should be held. Consultation shall be recorded.” Administrative Code 1960 AACS, R 325.1027(7.12).
The State Health Commissioner, with the concurrence of the State Council of Health, is given statutory power to make and declare rules and regulations in accordance with the laws of the state for the proper safeguarding of the public health. MCLA 325.7; MSA 14.7.
Our reading of the statute convinces us that the Legislature intended two types of authority to regulate: (1) authority to safeguard public health, and (2) authority to impose standards for maintenance and operation and to inspect whenever certain federal requirements would apply. It is only the latter types of regulations to which the proviso:
" * * * That said standards shall not be construed so as to authorize any regulation of the medical or surgical personnel within said hospitals.”
See 2 OAG, 1957-1958, No 3283, p 268 (October 17, 1958).
Standard Jury Instruction 12.07, like 12.05, is applicable only where:
*332 "(1) the ordinance [rule] was intended to protect against the injury involved; (2) the plaintiff is within the class intended to be protected * * * ; and (3) * * * the violation was the proximate cause of the injury involved.” SJI 12.05, Note on Use.
Violations of a regulation promulgated pursuant to statutory authority are evidence of negligence. Douglas v Edgewater Park Co, 369 Mich 320; 119 NW2d 567 (1963); Juidici v Forsyth Twp, 373 Mich 81; 127 NW2d 853 (1964). Ample evidence was before the jury to show that there was no hospital policy denoting when consultations should be held. The plaintiffs case against Ford Hospital is largely based on an alleged defect in hospital procedure, independent of the accuracy of treatment. See Abbe v Woman’s Hospital Association, 35 Mich App 429; 192 NW2d 691 (1971); Dyke v Richard, 40 Mich App 115; 198 NW2d 797 (1972). The requested instruction should have been given.
Plaintiff’s other allegations of error are not sufficiently substantial to merit further discussion, or are unlikely to recur on retrial.
As to the dismissal of the action on a conspiracy count against Doctors Horn, Fine, and Patton, the trial court is affirmed.
Plaintiff is granted a new trial, no costs, neither party prevailing.
In context the defense counsel’s opening remark was:
"I am going to show you, ladies and gentlemen, that this lawsuit is started for one thing and one thing only and that is for revenge, not for anything else.
"On July 28, 1966, Mr. Kakligian wrote a letter to Doctor David Mitchell and I think you have heard both statements and you have heard his total contact with this patient. The letter states: Remember this, I intend to extract two things from you, one, revenge and two, the protection of other people’s bodies from your slimy hands.
"We are here today, ladies and gentlemen, for vengeance, not for malpractice.
"When you have heard all the testimony and I want you to pay particular attention, to judgment — that’s what these physicians had to exercise — if the worse that can be stated for them is that they made a mistake in judgment, I think you will get instruction and I will ask that you bring back a no cause for action for all of the defendants and the hospital involved.
"Thank you.”
We are particularly influenced by the soundness of the opinion of Judge Levin in Lapasinskas, and commend it to the Bar:
"We have no way of knowing whether the defendants’ injection of this issue influenced the jury or whether the trial judge’s cautionary instruction in fact removed any effect adverse to plaintiff’s claim. See Clark v Grand Trunk W R Co, 367 Mich 396, 402; 116 NW2d 914, 917-918 (1962); cf Felice v Weinman [372 Mich 278, 280; 126 NW2d 107-108 (1964)]. We cannot say that the verdict in this case might not have been different had this prejudicial issue not been adverted to by the defendants. Under the circumstances of this case, where the plaintiff sought to protect himself and the defendants, nevertheless, insisted on injecting this impermissible issue, we think it proper to visit upon the defendants the burden of a new trial during which the issue of the father’s negligence shall not be referred to by innuendo or otherwise.”
"Sec. 7. With the concurrence of the state council of health, any 3 of whom shall constitute a quorum, the state health commissioner may make and declare rules and regulations in accordance with the laws of the state for the proper safeguarding of the public health and
The requested instruction was:
"If you find that the defendant hospital violated this regulation before or at the time of this occurrence, such violation is evidence of negligence which you should consider, together with all the other evidence, in deciding whether defendant hospital was negligent. If you find that the defendant hospital was negligent, you must then decide whether such negligence was a proximate cause of the damage to the plaintiff.”
Concurring Opinion
(concurring in result). I agree with Judge Brennan that plaintiff should be granted a new trial on the record before us. I write sepa
For decisional purposes, I hold simply that the trial judge committed reversible error when he refused to charge the jury pursuant to Standard Jury Instruction 12.07. I also agree that the conspiracy count should have been dismissed. I concur in the grant of a new trial and agree no costs should be taxed.
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