People v. Rice
People v. Rice
Opinion of the Court
Defendant was charged with second-degree murder and thereafter pled guilty to a charge of manslaughter on August 16, 1973, MCLA 750.321; MSA 28.553. Defendant was sentenced to a term of from 5 to 15 years. He appeals by right.
On appeal, defendant raises two claims of error, both of which relate to the procedure by which the trial court accepted his plea. First, defendant contends that his plea negotiation was not properly acknowledged in accordance with the requisites of GCR 1963, 785.7(2).
"The Court shall not accept a plea of guilty or nolo*541 contendere without personally addressing the defendant and determining that the plea is freely, understandingly and voluntarily made. If the tendered plea is the result of an agreement between the prosecutor and the defendant or his lawyer regarding the entry of a plea, the agreement shall be stated on the record and affirmatively acknowledged by the defendant, his lawyer and the prosecutor.”
The plea transcript discloses that the prosecutor took no part in the plea-taking procedure. The transcript contains no indication that he was even present in the courtroom at any time during the plea-taking. The prosecutor did, however, file with the court, at some time during the day on which the plea was taken, a signed form which stated that he intended to agree to a reduced charge. The plea agreement itself was introduced by defense counsel, and the only acknowledgement of the agreement on the record was his statement that:
"After conference with the prosecuting attorney’s office, they have indicated they would offer a charge,— offer a plea to manslaughter, the original charge being murder in the second degree. After conferring at great length with my client, and after a review of all the facts of this case, my client has indicated to me that he wishes to offer a plea to the charge of manslaughter.”
The record also contains no statement by the defendant in which he affirmatively acknowledges the plea agreement.
In People v Shekoski, 393 Mich 134; 224 NW2d 656 (1974), the Supreme Court mandated strict adherence to the letter of GCR 785.7. According to Shekoski, neither substantial compliance nor the absence of prejudicial error will save a plea procedure which did not rigidly follow the requirements of Rule 785.7. Plaintiff did not comply with the
We do not believe in the absolute elevation of form over substance, and we hope that Shekoski does not represent such an elevation. However, Rule 785.7 should, at least, require the prosecutor to be present during a plea-taking. The prosecutor’s presence can better assure the correctness of the plea placed on the record and his comments will aid appellate review of challenged agreements. Equally as important, the prosecutor can serve as an added aid to the court in making sure that the plea-taking conforms to the court rules and will not have to be stricken on appeal. To do so, however, he must be present in the courtroom. See People v Hubbard, 57 Mich App 542; 226 NW2d 557 (1975).
Defendant’s second claim of error is that the trial court failed to apprise defendant of his right to a bench trial prior to accepting his plea, contrary to the mandate of GCR 1963, 785.7(l)(d)(i). Plaintiff contends that the trial court substantially complied with that mandate and that, in any event, defendant’s written waiver of a jury trial exempted this requirement. GCR 785.7(l)(d)(i) requires that:
"The court shall not accept a plea of guilty * * * without first personally addressing the defendant and informing him of and determining that he understands * * * that by his plea of guilty * * * the defendant waives * * * the right to a jury trial or trial by the court * * * .” (Emphasis added.)
We agree with defendant. Initially we note that plaintiffs claim that the trial court substantially complied with Rule 785.7 fails in light of Shekoski, supra, which clearly states that substantial compli
At all other times in the plea-taking, the court spoke only of defendant’s right to a jury trial. When the court advised defendant of his right not to testify and of his presumption of innocence, it did so only with reference to a jury trial.
Reversed.
The challenged plea occurred after the effective date of GCR 1963, 785.7, June 1, 1973, and is, thus, subject to its requirements.
"Do you understand, also, that if you did exercise your right to a jury trial, there would be a presumption of innocence which would be with you during the trial * * *
" * * * if you did exercise your right not to testify, the prosecutor could not comment before a jury on your failure to testify or raise any inferences or implications of guilt before the jury. ” (Emphasis supplied.)
Concurring Opinion
(concurring in result). I concur in the result. I agree that because the trial court failed to inform the defendant of his right to a non-jury trial a new trial must be ordered. I do not agree that the failure of the prosecutor to be present in court and acknowledge the agreement mandates a new trial. Errors in the plea-taking process, broadly considered, may be classified as of two types. One type concerns the failure of the trial court to inform the defendant, prior to acceptance of the plea, of all the constitutional and statutory rights waived by a guilty plea. In such instances, the plea-taking judge accepts a plea which is not understandingly, knowingly, and voluntarily made. This type of defect cannot be corrected by a later proceeding.
Other types of errors are highly technical, as for example, the failure to establish on the record a sufficient factual basis for the plea (People v Bratton, 46 Mich App 1, 3; 207 NW2d 437 [1973]), or the failure of the prosecutor to be present in court (People v Leonard, 51 Mich App 368; 214 NW2d 888 [1974]). This type of defect may be corrected without the expense and delay of a new trial. The proper remedy is to remand to the lower court for nunc pro tunc correction.
The admonitions of People v Shekoski, 393 Mich 134; 224 NW2d 656 (1974), mandate a strict compliance with GCR 1963, 785.7, but do not go so far as to require a new trial in every instance of
"We do not believe that this hew court rule was designed to reverse an otherwise acceptable plea simply because the prosecutor was not present at the plea taking procedure.
"We are not unmindful of the recent order of our Supreme Court in People v Shekoski, 393 Mich 134 (No 56,076, order of 11-21-74), which advised the bench and bar of this state that neither substantial compliance nor the absence of prejudicial error can save a plea where the new court rule is not strictly followed. We do not believe, though, that it in any way detracts from the holding in Leonard, particularly in light of the fact that our Supreme Court denied leave in that case.”
Similarly, the Supreme Court has recognized that certain technical defects in the plea-taking may be corrected without a new trial. See People v Dailey,
These comments are made for the purpose of avoiding any impression that my brothers’ opinion, a la Shekoski, supra, is posturing this Court as requiring a new trial for every technical defect in a guilty or nolo contendere plea.
Case-law data current through December 31, 2025. Source: CourtListener bulk data.