Holton Public Schools v. Farmer
Holton Public Schools v. Farmer
Concurring Opinion
(concurring). I agree defendant acquired tenure. I would affirm the decision of the Tenure Commission holding the school board should have provided defendant a hearing. I would remand to the school board for a determination under MCLA 38.105; MSA 15.2005 as to defendant’s eligibility to fill those vacancies for which he made application.
A school board should not be free to circumvent the purposes and protections of the tenure act by laying off a tenured teacher and then refusing to rehire that teacher, though certified and qualified, for a position subsequently made available. Such a refusal is tantamount to dismissal and may have an equally devastating effect on the teacher. A tenured teacher who has not been offered the "first vacancy in the school district for which he is certified and qualified” should be afforded the same procedural safeguards as those granted a teacher who faces discharge or demotion for cause. MCLA 38.101; MSA 15.2001, MCLA 38.102; MSA 15.2002, MCLA 38.104; MSA 15.2004. Davis v Board of Education of the School District for the City of River Rouge, 73 Mich App 358; 251 NW2d 585 (1977).
The term "certified” as used in the statute is clear. The State Board of Education has the power and duty to "determine the requirements for and issue all licenses and certificates for teachers * * *
The meaning of the term "qualified”, as it appears in the statute, is not so easily ascertained. It appears from the tenure act that such term calls for the exercise of some subjective judgment on the part of local school boards. MCLA 340.569; MSA 15.3569 sets forth the responsibilities imposed upon local boards relative to the hiring of teaching personnel. In part, it provides:
"The board of every district shall hire and contract with such duly qualified teachers as may be required. All contracts with teachers shall be in writing * * * . No contract with any person shall be valid unless such person shall hold a legal certificate of qualification at the time the contractual period shall begin * * * .”
Given the Legislature’s use of both "qualified” and "certified”, I do not believe those terms can be construed as synonymous. "Qualified” must refer to some standards in addition to those established for state certification.
Where the language of a statute is ambiguous or of doubtful meaning, it should be given a reasonable construction, looking to the purpose of the statute and the object sought to be accomplished. Royal Oak School District v Schulman, 68 Mich App 589, 593; 243 NW2d 673, 675 (1976).
In my opinion the term "qualified”, as it appears in the statute, should be interpreted to permit a local school board to formally adopt attributes
I am not unmindful of the decision of this Court in Anderson v Harper Woods Public School District, 74 Mich App 227; 253 NW2d 718 (1977), reaching a different result on the hearing rights considered herein. As a matter of policy, I would require the school board to hold the hearing as to qualifications. The Tenure Commission should provide review of school board action, and not be cast in the role of holding qualification hearings. The review proposed in Anderson would not encourage local boards to formulate and adopt standards for rehiring, would not insure consistency in future board recall decisions and could constitute an abdication of board statutory responsibility to hire "duly qualified teachers”. MCLA 340.569; MSA 15.3569.
Opinion of the Court
This case presents the issue of whether a probationary teacher who is notified only that his teaching position has been eliminated and that he therefore will not be rehired for the next school year nonetheless acquires tenure. We hold that he does acquire tenure.
Defendant was a probationary teacher employed by plaintiff during the 1970-1971 and 1971-1972 school years to teach vocational agriculture. Defendant was advised March 6, 1972 and April 11, 1972, by the school principal and superintendent respectively, that the vocational agriculture program would be terminated and he would not be rehired for the 1972-1973 school year. Defendant was not informed that his work was unsatisfactory.
Plaintiff sought applicants for four other teaching positions during the summer of 1972. Although defendant was certified to teach all of the subjects and applied for at least one of the positions, he was not offered any of the positions. Defendant was told he was not tenured and either that he was not qualified or not the best qualified for any of the positions. Defendant’s request for a hearing before the school board was denied.
Defendant argues on appeal that he was automatically entitled to tenure when the school board failed to inform him that his work was unsatisfactory, and therefore should have been accorded favored status vis-a-vis nontenured applicants for the above mentioned positions. We agree.
MCLA 38.83; MSA 15.1983 provides:
"At least 60 days before the close of each school year the controlling board shall provide the probationary teacher with a definite written statement as to whether or not his work has been satisfactory. Failure to submit a written statement shall be considered as conclusive evidence that the teacher’s work is satisfactory. Any probationary teacher or teacher not on continuing contract shall be employed for the ensuing year unless notified in writing at least 60 days before the close of the school year that his services will be discontinued.”
The Supreme Court has held that, where a probationary teacher is only notified that he will not be rehired, without being notified that his work was unsatisfactory, he will be entitled to tenure. Munro v Elk Rapids Schools (On Rehearing), 385 Mich 618; 189 NW2d 224 (1971). The rationale for this interpretation of the statute is set forth in the dissenting opinion of Justice T. G. Kavanagh in Munro v Elk Rapids Schools, 383
Plaintiff argues that Munro is distinguishable where a teacher is notified that he will not be rehired because his position will be eliminated, since in that instance it is irrelevant whether or not the teacher’s performance was satisfactory and because there is no danger that such an employee is being discharged for an improper reason. We must reject this argument for several reasons.
First, the wording of MCLA 38.83; MSA 15.1983 does not suggest an exception to the notice of unsatisfactory performance requirement where a teacher’s position will be eliminated.
Second, it is not irrelevant whether or not a teacher’s performance was unsatisfactory, even though the teacher cannot be rehired into a position which no longer exists. MCLA 38.105; MSA 15.2005 provides:
"Any teacher on permanent tenure whose services are terminated because of a necessary reduction in personnel shall be appointed to the first vacancy in the school district for which he is certified and qualified.”
Thus, the teacher who has satisfactorily completed
Third, this interpretation serves the purpose of the act, since it will tend to reduce teacher turnover and insure that qualified teachers of demonstrated fitness will be hired ahead of applicants of untested and speculative ability.
This case has reached us in an erroneous procedural posture. Since the school board denied defendant tenure, he was not a "teacher who has achieved tenure status”, and therefore was not entitled to appeal to the Tenure Commission. MCLA 38.121; MSA 15.2021. Instead, the appropriate remedy was a suit for mandamus in circuit court. GCR 714.1(2); Munro v Elk Rapids Schools, 383 Mich 661, 689 n 3; 178 NW2d 450, 463 n 3 (1970) (T. G. Kavanagh, J., dissenting). However, since the circuit court has already reached and decided the merits of the issue, we will issue mandamus without remanding to circuit court for its reconsideration. GCR 1963, 820.1(7). The school board is ordered to accord defendant tenure.
The Tenure Commission’s determination that the school board violated defendant’s rights by refusing his request for a hearing is erroneous. Anderson v Harper Woods Public School District, 74 Mich App 227; 253 NW2d 718 (1977). Where a school board refuses to consider appointment of a tenured teacher to a vacant position, that teacher has a right of appeal to the Tenure Commission for a determination of whether he is certified and qualified for the position. Upon a determination that the teacher is certified and qualified, the commission shall order reinstatement with back pay. Anderson v Harper Woods Public School Dis
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