Bay County Prosecutor v. Bay County District Judge
Bay County Prosecutor v. Bay County District Judge
Opinion of the Court
District Court Judge Paul Harvey appeals as of right a May 8, 1979, order of superintending control issued by the circuit court of Bay County requiring him to bind over all persons
February 20, 1978, Dennis Wayne Rytlewski, age 17, was arrested for stealing a $15 pair of pants from a store and was charged with the offense of larceny in a building. At the preliminary examination, testimony was offered which clearly established that the offense charged had been committed and that probable cause existed to charge Rytlewski with the crime. At the conclusion of proofs offered at the preliminary examination, defense counsel moved to dismiss the charge on grounds that under People v Carmichael, 86 Mich App 418, 422; 272 NW2d 667 (1978), a defendant in shoplifting situations should be charged with simple larceny rather than with larceny in a building. Judge Harvey agreed but offered the prosecution the option of charging simple larceny.
The prosecutor declined to reduce the charge and on March 27, 1979, filed a petition in circuit court seeking a writ of superintending control against Judge Harvey for refusal to bind Rytlewski over to circuit court. The matter was assigned to the then recently elected Judge Eugene C. Penzien, who formerly had been the Bay County prosecutor and who had argued Carmichael before the Court of Appeals. A motion was made to disqualify Judge Penzien on grounds that he was prejudiced. Meanwhile, similar proceedings were taking place at a preliminary examination in the case of People v Larry Frank Welzin.
We first decide whether a writ of superintending control is the proper method by which to review the district court’s failure to bind over persons charged with larceny in a building, and, if so, whether the circuit judge should be disqualified on grounds of prejudice. A writ of superintending control is an extraordinary remedy and is not available where there is a plain, speedy and alternative remedy, GCR 1963, 711.2. An alternative method of review was available to the prosecutor, viz., appeal to circuit court pursuant to MCL 600.8342; MSA 27A.8342 with right to appeal by leave to this Court. Oakland County Prosecutor v 46th District Court Judge, 72 Mich App 564; 250 NW2d 127 (1977), People v Recorder’s Court Judge, 73 Mich App 150, 154; 250 NW2d 809 (1977).
We find no error in Judge Penzien’s refusal to disqualify himself. Bias or prejudice must be clearly demonstrated. People v Page, 83 Mich App 412, 419; 268 NW2d 666 (1978). A judge’s view of the law, even if strongly held, is not grounds for disqualification. Laird v Tatum, 408 US 1; 92 S Ct 2318; 33 L Ed 2d 154 (1972). The fact that the circuit judge was the former prosecutor who argued the Carmichael appeal in this Court is not a sufficient showing of prejudice.
This brings us to the central question raised on appeal in this matter. Did Judge Harvey violate a clear legal duty in failing to bind over Rytlewski and Welzin on charges of larceny in a building when the amount taken was under the value of $100 and could have been charged as a simple larceny misdemeanor? The question raised is of first impression.
Prior to Carmichael, it was settled law that an
Panels of this Court constitute courts of equal dignity, and a decision of one does not overrule a prior decision of another. People v Patton, 69 Mich App 330; 244 NW2d 467 (1976). Under such circumstances, a trial court is entitled to choose which line of cases to follow. Though the language in Carmichael, upon which the trial court relied, was technically dicta,
Given the fact that Carmichael was specifically concerned with alleged overcharging by the prosecutor’s office of Bay County and was the latest
Reversed and remanded in accordance with this opinion.
On March 16, 1979, a preliminary examination was held in the case of People v Larry Frank Welzin before Judge Harvey. Welzin was charged with larceny in a building, but Judge Harvey dismissed
People v Polk, 59 Mich App 191; 229 NW2d 374 (1975), holds that a writ of superintending control is the exclusive method of review in cases where the magistrate dismisses an action at the close of preliminary examination. But Polk has been questioned and other cases hold it is not the exclusive method of review. People v McCoy, 75 Mich App 164, 170-172; 254 NW2d 829 (1977).
People v Evans, 94 Mich App 4, 11; 287 NW2d 608 (1979).
Our decision in this regard makes it unnecessary to consider the remaining issues raised by defendant.
Concurring Opinion
(concurring). I concur in the result reached by the majority.
The district judge was entitled to rely on the decision of this Court in People v Carmichael.
A county prosecutor has a wide, although not unlimited, discretion in choosing a statute under which to charge a suspected offender. People v Evans
Ordinarily, where a prosecutor seeks to appeal from an adverse finding on his motion to bind over, the proper remedy is appeal. See, People v McCoy
Except in these respects, I concur in the majority opinion.
86 Mich App 418; 272 NW2d 667 (1978).
94 Mich App 4; 287 NW2d 608 (1979).
75 Mich App 164; 254 NW2d 829 (1977).
Reference
- Full Case Name
- In Re BAY COUNTY PROSECUTOR (BAY COUNTY PROSECUTOR v. BAY COUNTY DISTRICT JUDGE)
- Cited By
- 17 cases
- Status
- Published