People v. Hutcherson
People v. Hutcherson
Opinion of the Court
On December 8, 1977, defendant pled guilty to assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct involving penetration, contrary to MCL 750.520g(1); MSA 28.788(7)(1), and possession of a firearm in the commission thereof, contrary to MCL 750.227b; MSA 28.424(2). On March 20, 1978, he was sentenced to prison for six to ten years on the assault charge and to a consecutive sentence of two years on the felony-firearm charge. A number of issues are raised on appeal.
. First, defendant claims that his guilty plea on the assault charge was defective because the trial court failed to elicit a sufficient factual basis pursuant to GCR 1963, 785.7(3)(a). In particular, de
GCR 1963, 785.7(3)(a) states:
"If the defendant pleads’ guilty, the court, by questioning him, shall establish support for a finding that he is guilty of the offense charged or the offense to which he is pleading.” (Emphasis supplied.)
Since defendant was originally charged with assault with intent to rob while being armed (MCL 750.89; MSA 28.284) and since he acknowledged during the plea taking that he had committed armed robbery of the victim, we conclude that a sufficient factual basis was obtained in conformity with GCR 1963, 785.7(3)(a). People v Sinclair, 58 Mich App 609, 612-613; 228 NW2d 486 (1975), cf. People v Hooper, 58 Mich App 132; 227 NW2d 250 (1975).
Next, defendant claims that his conviction under the felony-firearm statute is invalid because the statute violates his constitutional right against double jeopardy. This claim was recently settled and has been rejected by the Michigan Supreme Court in Wayne County Prosecutor v Recorder’s Court Judge, 406 Mich 374; 280 NW2d 793 (1979).
Third, defendant contends that, because he was not advised during his plea of the sentence consequences regarding a possible escape charge, a
Fourth, defendant claims that his plea was a product of an illusory bargain because as part of the agreement in exchange for defendant’s plea, the prosecutor agreed that "there will be no charge made against Mr. Hutcherson as an habitual offender”. Defendant argues that since the prosecutor was fully aware of defendant’s previous felony conviction and chose not to charge him under the habitual offender statute (MCL 769.10 et seq.; MSA 28.1082 et seq.) prior to the plea taking, he was precluded from doing so under the rule announced in People v Fountain, 407 Mich 96; 282 NW2d 168 (1979). Since the prosecution could not legally apply the habitual offender statute to the defendant, it is claimed that the use of this statute as a bargaining tool rendered the bargain illusory, mandating reversal under People v Roderick Johnson, 86 Mich App 77, 79; 272 NW2d 200 (1978). We disagree.
People v Fountain, supra, involved two distinct
Finally, defendant claims that he is entitled to a remand for an evidentiary hearing to determine whether his plea was "involuntary in fact” allegedly because his attorney misinformed him regarding the offense to which defendant would plead guilty.
We note that the factors alleged by defendant in the instant case as rendering his plea involuntary are materially different from the factors relied on by the Courts in People v James, 393 Mich 807, 808 (1975), and People v Walker, 75 Mich App 552; 255 NW2d 658 (1977), relied on by defendant. Here, defendant claims that an unkept promise by his attorney that defendant would be able to plead guilty to a charge other than the one to which he
Nonetheless, because the trial judge did not rule on the defendant’s motion to withdraw his plea, we remand for an evidentiary hearing as to the voluntariness of defendant’s plea. The trial judge shall determine, after an evidentiary hearing, whether defendant was improperly induced by his trial counsel to plead to assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct involving penetration, after being assured by counsel that his plea would be to assault with intent to commit a felony. If so, defendant’s convictions on the instant charges are reversed and should be set for trial. If not, or if it is determined that defendant voluntarily chose to plead to the instant offenses, notwithstanding his attorney’s assurances to the contrary, then the convictions are affirmed.
Remanded. This Court retains no further jurisdiction.
Concurring in Part
(concurring in part; dissenting in part). I agree that this case ought to be remanded for an evidentiary hearing on the voluntariness of defendant’s plea. However, I disagree with the majority’s interpretation of GCR 1963, 785.7(3)(a). The majority would support defendant’s guilty plea conviction of assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct involving penetration
In People v Haack, 396 Mich 367, 378; 240 NW2d 704 (1976), the Supreme Court, quoting People v Coates, 32 Mich App 52, 70; 188 NW2d 265 (1971) (Levin, J., dissenting), stated:
"A guilty plea 'may be accepted even though the defendant is unsure of his guilt and even where he denies his guilt if after careful inquiry the judge satisfies himself that there is a substantial factual basis for the plea and that the plea represents a well-considered and well-advised choice by the defendant’.” (Emphasis in original.)
In the instant case there is no "substantial factual basis for the plea”. The construction given this Court Rule by the majority does an injustice to the spirit of this Court Rule as evidenced by the Supreme Court’s opinion in the Guilty Plea Cases, 395 Mich 96, 129; 235 NW2d 132 (1975), cert den sub nom Saunders v Michigan, 429 US 1108; 97 S Ct 1142; 51 L Ed 2d 561 (1977), where the Supreme Court reviewed the factual basis of the various pleas by the defendants before it and affirmed many of them on the basis that "it appears on the record that the defendant pled guilty to an offense of which he might have been convicted at trial”.
On the facts presented at the guilty plea proceeding below, defendant could not have been convicted by a jury of assault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct involving penetration. It is irrelevant that he could have been convicted of any other charge because it was this crime that he pleaded guilty to. Therefore, I would hold that on remand the prosecutor be required to establish the missing elements of this crime. Id., 129. If he is able to do so, then defendant’s conviction should be affirmed. However, if the prosecutor is unable to do so, defendant’s guilty plea should be vacated.
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