Kriko v. Allstate Insurance Co. of Canada
Kriko v. Allstate Insurance Co. of Canada
Opinion of the Court
Plaintiff appeals as of right from a trial court order granting accelerated judgment
Plaintiff was injured in an automobile accident which occurred on September 3, 1981, in Detroit. Plaintiff was a passenger in a car owned and driven by Joseph Mader. Both plaintiff and Mader were and are Canadian residents and citizens. Defendant Allstate is a Canadian insurance company.
Defendant paid benefits to plaintiff, its insured, until July, 1982. At that point, defendant determined that plaintiff was no longer disabled and discontinued benefits. Plaintiff brought suit in Wayne County Circuit Court on September 28, 1982, seeking resumption of the benefits allegedly still owed him under the policy with defendant. Accelerated judgment was granted in favor of defendant on the ground that the trial court had no jurisdiction over defendant.
It is clear that defendant is not a resident of Michigan. It has no registered agent in Michigan, nor does it maintain offices in this state. It is not licensed to do business in Michigan, nor, apparently, does it seek customers who are residents of this state. The question, therefore, is whether Michigan may assert long-arm jurisdiction over defendant in the instant case. MCL 600.715; MSA 27A.715 provides that the courts of this state may exercise limited personal jurisdiction over a corporation and enter judgments against the corporation as a result of an act which creates or consists of the following relationships:
"(1) The transaction of any business within the state.
"(4) Contracting to insure any person, property, or
Defendant contends that this statute does not confer personal jurisdiction in the instant case and, even if it did, such a construction of the statute would be contrary to the requirements of due process under the United States Constitution. We disagree.
MCL 600.715 was intended to give Michigan courts the full extent of power possible to gain personal jurisdiction over nonresident defendants as is consistent with the principles of due process. Northern Ins Co v B Elliott, Ltd, 117 Mich App 308; 323 NW2d 683 (1982), lv den 417 Mich 968 (1983); Korcos v Lola Cars, Ltd, 97 Mich App 379; 296 NW2d 32 (1980). Consistent with this goal, we are of the opinion that defendant transacted business within the State of Michigan to an extent sufficient to meet the requirements of MCL 600.715(1); MSA 27A.715(1).
Defendant voluntarily chose to file a certificate of compliance with Michigan no-fault laws pursuant to MCL 500.3163; MSA 24.13163. That statute provides that:
"(1) An insurer authorized to transact automobile liability insurance and personal and property protection insurance in this state shall file and maintain a written certification that any accidental bodily injury or property damage occurring in this state arising from the ownership, operation, maintenance or use of a motor vehicle as a motor vehicle by an out-of-state resident who is insured under its automobile liability insurance policies, shall be subject to the personal and property protection insurance system set forth in this act.
"(2) A nonadmitted insurer may voluntarily file the certification described in subsection (1).
"(3) When a certification filed under subsections (1) or
Defendant, who was not licensed to do business in Michigan, filed its certification pursuant to MCL 500.3163(2). Defendant was therefore clearly aware that its insureds might be travelling in the State of Michigan and involved in accidents therein; it would appear that defendant sought to make its insurance policies more attractive to potential customers who might be regular travellers in the State of Michigan and/or sought to avail itself of the potential benefits provided by Michigan’s no-fault system by filing its certification. This activity, combined with the fact that the accident out of which plaintiff’s claim arose occurred in the State of Michigan, leads us to conclude that the courts of this state do have jurisdiction over defendant in the instant case.
Under Michigan’s no-fault system, one entitled to benefits under an insurance policy is possessed of the right to sue the insurance company when benefits are unreasonably denied. Under MCL 500.3163, therefore, plaintiff was permitted to initiate proceedings against defendant.
In order for a state court to assert jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant, that defendant must have minimum contacts with the state, and its involvement with the forum must be freely and intentionally entered into. Speckine v Stanwick International, Inc, 503 F Supp 1055 (WD Mich,
Although it is not entirely clear whether such is the case from the facts available to us on appeal, we would also hold that, if defendant deliberately filed a certification of compliance with the Michigan no-fault act in order to attract customers who were known to drive frequently in the State of Michigan, we would also find jurisdiction appropriate under MCL 600.715(4); MSA 27A.715(4). While in general, Canadian citizens could not properly be defined as "located within this state at the time of contracting”, a customer-related risk would be so located for purposes of long-arm jurisdiction if Canadian citizens regularly travelled within this state and defendant deliberately elected to abide by the no-fault insurance rules of this state in order to attract those who might frequently be found in this state and who would therefore be more likely to be involved in accidents and subject to the no-fault processes here.
We are convinced that this interpretation is consistent with the requirements of due process. See Sifers v Horen, 385 Mich 195, 198; 188 NW2d 623 (1971); Alan B McPheron, Inc v Koning, 125
Reversed and remanded.
Costs to abide the final outcome.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). I respectfully dissent.
As indicated in the majority opinion, plaintiff, Jon Kriko, is a Canadian resident and Canadian citizen who carried automobile liability insurance with defendant, Allstate Insurance Company of Canada, which is a Canadian insurance company.
Defendant Allstate paid benefits to plaintiff as a result of an automobile collision on September 3, 1981, in Detroit, Michigan, in which plaintiff was a passenger in a car owned and driven by Joseph Mader, also a Canadian resident and citizen. In July, 1982, defendant Allstate discontinued payments to plaintiff when defendant Allstate decided plaintiff was no longer disabled. Plaintiff disputed that factual determination and brought this action to require defendant Allstate to resume payments under the insurance policy. Thus, this is a claim for damages for breach of contract.
I would hold that under the facts of this case there is simply nothing upon which to base jurisdiction.
I would vote to affirm.
See Hall v Scott, 416 So 2d 223 (La App, 1982).
Reference
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