This case presents a question concerning the construction of the medical malpractice arbitration act, MCL 600.5040 et seq.; MSA 27A.5040 et seq. Plaintiff was a patient in defendant hospital, and he brought this action to recover damages for injuries allegedly suffered in a fall from a hospital bed. Plaintiff claimed that he was semi-conscious or unconscious at the time of the fall as the result of an operation and that his fall was due to the negligent failure of hospital employees to raise the bed safety rails into position. Plaintiff executed a standard arbitration agreement when he entered defendant hospital and never revoked it. The circuit court granted defendant’s motion for accelerated judgment, holding that the agreement to arbitrate divested the court of subject-matter jurisdiction, and plaintiff appeals as of right.

Plaintiff argues that his claim is outside the scope of the agreement to arbitrate authorized by the statute, because his claim is based on allegations of ordinary negligence rather than medical malpractice or negligence in the performance of professional services. We will assume without deciding that an arbitration agreement like that at issue here is unenforceable unless it strictly complies with the statute.1 We will also assume without deciding that plaintiff’s claim is based on *801ordinary negligence rather than medical malpractice2 or negligence in the performance of professional services.3

Plaintiff relies on the emphasized language in MCL 600.5040(1); MSA 27A.5040(1), which provides:

"The provisions of this chapter shall be applicable to the arbitration of a dispute, controversy, or issue arising out of or resulting from injury to, or the death of, a person caused by an error, omission, or negligence in the performance of professional services by a health care provider, hospital, or their agent, or based on a claimed performance of such services without consent, in breach of warranty, or in violation of contract.” (Emphasis added.)

The language on which plaintiff relies is ambiguous. The quoted section, considered in isolation, does not show whether the phrase "in the performance of professional services” was intended to modify the entire phrase "an error, omission, or negligence” or merely the word "negligence”. Other considerations, however, convince us that the phrase was intended to modify only the word "negligence” and that the statute authorizes agreements to arbitrate any claims arising out of health care or treatment based on negligence in the performance of professional services, errors, or omissions by health care providers, hospitals, or their agents.

An established principle of statutory construction is that a modifying clause is confined to the last antecedent unless something in the subject matter or dominant purpose of the statute requires a different interpretation. Haveman v Kent *802County Road Comm’rs, 356 Mich 11, 18; 96 NW2d 153 (1959); Winokur v Michigan State Board of Dentistry, 366 Mich 261, 266; 114 NW2d 233 (1962). Nothing in the subject matter or the dominant purpose of the statute requires a different result here. The Legislature intended this statute to be a measure to contain rapidly-escalating health care costs by reducing litigation. That purpose would be served, not hindered, by construing the statute to authorize agreements to arbitrate claims of ordinary negligence arising out of health care or treatment as well as claims of medical malpractice or negligence in the performance of professional services.

Moreover, the words and phrases used in a particular section of the statute must be assigned meanings which harmonize with the statute as a whole. See Arrowhead Development Co v Livingston County Road Comm, 413 Mich 505, 516; 322 NW2d 702 (1982). Broad language used in other sections of the statute at issue here shows that the Legislature did not intend to limit the scope of arbitration under the statute to claims falling within narrow definitions of "medical malpractice” or "negligence in the performance of professional services”. See MCL 600.5041(1); MSA 27A.5041(1):

"A person who receives health care from a health care provider may, if offered, execute an agreement to arbitrate a dispute, controversy, or issue arising out of health care or treatment by a health care provider who is not an employee of a hospital.” (Emphasis added.)

See also MCL 600.5042(1); MSA 27A.5042(1):

"A person who receives health care in a hospital may execute an agreement to arbitrate a dispute, controversy, or issue arising out of health care or treatment rendered by the hospital. A person receiving emergency *803health care or treatment may be offered the option to arbitrate but shall be offered the option after the emergency care or treatment is completed.” (Emphasis added.)

Plaintiff asserts that an ordinary patient would not understand that claims based on ordinary negligence would fall within the scope of the arbitration agreement. We cannot agree. The following provision of the standard agreement plaintiff executed clearly conveyed the broad scope of the agreement:

"I understand that this hospital and I by signing this document agree to arbitrate any claims or disputes (except for disputes over charges for services rendered) which may arise in the future out of or in connection with the health care rendered to me during this hospital stay and/or emergency room visit by this hospital, its employees and those of its independent staff doctors and consultants who have agreed to arbitrate.” (Emphasis added.)

Other issues raised by plaintiff are without merit.4

*804Affirmed.

(concurring). I concur in the result but for reasons different than those stated in my brother Lambros’s opinion. I would find that the plaintiff is bound by the arbitration agreement because plaintiff’s claim is grounded in negligence in the performance of professional services by defendant hospital or, in the alternative, negligence arising out of health care or treatment.

A hospital may be sued for either malpractice1 or "ordinary” negligence. See Adkins v Annapolis Hospital, 116 Mich App 558; 323 NW2d 482 (1982), aff'd 420 Mich 87; 360 NW2d 150 (1984); MCL 600.5838; MSA 27A.5838. Malpractice is essentially negligence in the performance of professional services utilizing the standard of care of the profession. See Rogers v Horvath, 65 Mich App 644, 646-647; 237 NW2d 595 (1975); Siirila v Barrios, 58 Mich App 721, 725; 228 NW2d 801 (1975), aff'd 398 Mich 576; 248 NW2d 171 (1976).

In the case at bar, plaintiff’s complaint alleged that plaintiff entered defendant hospital for surgery, relying on the specialty and skill of the hospital in the care and treatment of patients. It *805alleged that defendant hospital undertook to provide the services of doctors, nurses and other health care personnel and had a duty to exercise that degree of care, skill and diligence ordinarily used by hospitals in the same or similar locality in furnishing a patient with care and attention as required by the patient’s condition. The complaint further alleged that defendant hospital breached this duty and was negligent in the care and treatment of plaintiff by failing to select, engage and/or hire capable, competent, skilled and qualified health care providers and personnel, failing to adequately direct, supervise, monitor and control such providers and personnel, failing to supervise the care and treatment of plaintiff, failing to provide a safe environment for plaintiff’s post-operative recovery, and failing to protect an unconscious patient and timely attend to plaintiff’s condition after he sustained injuries in the fall from the hospital bed.

1 would find that plaintiff’s claim against defendant hospital sounds in malpractice, rather than "ordinary” negligence. See Penner v Seaway Hospital, 102 Mich App 697, 704-705; 302 NW2d 285 (1981). Plaintiff’s complaint alleged that defendant hospital did not comply with the standard of care and skill of hospitals in similar localities. It alleged that defendant hospital breached its duty to meet this standard of care in its care and treatment of plaintiff, in its selection and supervision of staff, and in providing a safe environment for post-surgical care. In sum, plaintiff claimed defendant hospital was negligent in performing those professional services rendered by a hospital.2 Thus plain*806tiffs claim was within the scope of MCL 600.5040; MSA 27A.5040, providing for arbitration agreements covering negligence in the performance of professional services of a hospital.

In the alternative, if plaintiffs claim sounds in ordinary negligence3 since it was ultimately based on the failure to raise a bedrail, I would still find that his claim falls within the scope of the medical malpractice arbitration act. Assuming arguendo that the majority correctly construes MCL 600.5040(1); MSA 27A.5040(1) as encompassing "ordinary” negligence, I find too broad the majority’s opinion that all negligence on the part of a health care provider or hospital falls within the scope of the medical malpractice arbitration act. The provision in question must be read in context with the entire medical malpractice arbitration act. See Arrowhead Development Co v Livingston County Road Comm, 413 Mich 505, 516; 322 NW2d 702 (1982). MCL 600.5041(1); MSA 27A.5041(1), and MCL 600.5042(1); MSA 27A.5042(1) provide that a person receiving health care, i.e., a patient, may execute an agreement to arbitrate disputes arising out of health care or treatment by a health care provider or hospital. Reading MCL 600.5040(1); MSA 27A.5040(1) in context with these provisions *807of the act, I would hold that the scope of arbitration agreements is limited to claims arising out of health care or treatment, whether they be labeled malpractice or negligence.

Extending the medical malpractice arbitration act to all negligence on the part of a health care provider or hospital, without limiting it to claims arising out of health care or treatment, would yield untenable results. For example, if an able-bodied patient executed an arbitration agreement with a treating physician, and tripped on torn carpeting in the physician’s office lobby, I would be hard pressed to find that the arbitration agreement covered the negligence of the physician in failing to maintain or repair the carpet. Similarly, I would not find that the arbitration act extended to a negligence claim brought against a hospital by a patient who slips and falls in the visitors’ gift shop solely due to an overwaxed floor.

In the case at bar, even if plaintiff’s claim against defendant hospital is characterized as "ordinary” negligence, his claim arises out of his post-surgical care and treatment and thus falls within the scope of the arbitration act.

I concur in affirming the trial court.