Kassab v. Acho
Kassab v. Acho
Opinion of the Court
Yalda Acho appeals as of right from a Wayne County Circuit Court order which reversed a decision of the Michigan Liquor Control Commission granting him a specially designated distributor’s (SDD) liquor license. This case is before this Court for the second time. In Kassab v Acho, 125 Mich App 442; 336 NW2d 816 (1983), we reversed the circuit court’s decision affirming the commission’s grant of the SDD license, and remanded to the commission for further fact-finding and reconsideration.
Khalid and Issam Kassab own a party store located on East Seven Mile Road in Detroit and hold an SDD liquor license. Acho also owns a party store on East Seven Mile Road, directly across the street from the Kassab’s store. On November 23, 1977, Acho applied for an SDD license, arguing that, because his store is separated from the Kassab’s store by East Seven Mile Road, he was eligible for a waiver of the rule requiring that SDD outlets be at least one-half mile apart. 1979 AC, R 436.1133(c).
After the hearing, Detroit Police Chief William Hart wrote two letters to the commission advising it that the road was a major four-lane thoroughfare with all four lanes used for traffic and that 24-hour parking would be banned effective February 25, 1980. Relying on the letter submitted by Chief Hart, the commission granted defendant an SDD license on March 10, 1980. The Kassabs appealed to circuit court and petitioned the commission for reconsideration. The commission reinvestigated the matter and found that the parking ban was temporary and that parking on the two outside lanes had been restored. Evidence to this effect was presented at the May 14, 1981, circuit court hearing. Nevertheless, the circuit court af
We reversed and remanded the case to the commission for further fact-finding and reconsideration. Kassab v Acho, supra, p 448. On remand, the commission affirmed its prior decision granting defendant an SDD license. Acho appeals from the circuit court’s reversal of the commission’s decision.
We must first determine the proper standard of review of a grant of a liquor license. In the prior appeal of this case, Kassab, supra, pp 449-453, this Court held that § 106 of the Administrative Procedures Act
" '[A] proceeding, including but not limited to rate-making, price-fixing, and licensing, in which determination of the legal rights, duties or privileges of a named party is required by law to be made by an agency after an opportunity for an evidentiary hearing.’ ”
The scope of review in the earlier opinion, how
We agree with the panel in TDN Enterprises that the definition of "contested case” as applied to the initial grant of a liquor license renders the judicial review provisions of the APA inapplicable. Although commission rules provide for an appeal hearing after the initial decision by the commission, 1979 AC, R 436.1925, the procedure does not bring this matter within the statutory definition of a contested case. Inasmuch as the provisions of the APA are inapplicable and the Liquor Control Act only provides for judicial review of violations of the act, the scope of review provided by Const 1963, art 6, § 28 and the Revised Judicature Act, MCL 600.631; MSA 27A.631, applies when this Court reviews a decision of the commission granting a liquor license.
In the instant case, however, we are bound by the law of the case doctrine, CAF Investment Co v Saginaw Twp, 410 Mich 428, 454; 302 NW2d 164 (1981); Cicelski v Sears, Roebuck & Co, 132 Mich App 298; 348 NW2d 685 (1984), and must apply the standard of review relied on in the first appeal. Nevertheless, under either standard of review, the commission’s decision to grant the liquor license must be reversed.
In the prior appeal, this Court concluded that the Kassabs were materially prejudiced when Chief Hart’s letters were received and considered by the commission without affording them notice and the opportunity to respond to the letters before the commission rendered its decision. Kassab, 125 Mich App 458. The letters addressed the main issue in the case, whether the exception to the one-half mile rule applied. On remand, the commission stated:
"While it is now known that the commission’s approval of Acho’s SDD license was based upon incomplete facts, and while it is now known that the change in the parking on East Seven Mile Road was not done in a procedurally correct manner, and while it is now known that the parking ban was temporary, none of this information was available at the time the license was approved and it seems to the commission that this is the crucial point. If any of these matters had been known to the commission at the time, the commission would not have approved the license.
"As to the question of whether Acho’s license should now be cancelled, the commission concludes that it should not. It has now been in excess of three and one-half years since Acho’s license was granted, and the commission is convinced that the matter of equity must also be addressed. While it is true that Kassab’s liquor*111 purchases have declined somewhat since Acho’s license was issued, based upon the amount of liquor purchased from the commission, Kassab continues to make a gross profit in excess of $48,000 per year from the sale of spirits. At the same time Acho has apparently made a substantial investment in his business, in order to modernize the store and provide additional parking for his customers, based in part at least on the increased business generated by the availability of package liquor. To now remove the license because of the circumstances of its issuance, over which it is significant to note, Acho had no control would seem to the commission to be unfair.” (Emphasis supplied.)
On appeal, the circuit court reversed, holding that this Court’s remand order required the commission to reconsider Acho’s application based on the facts which actually existed in March, 1980, not simply on the facts which were known in March, 1980. The circuit court concluded that, since East Seven Mile Road did not become a permanent four-lane major thoroughfare, the exception to the one-half mile rule did not apply and the commission lacked the authority to issue a SDD license to Acho.
We agree with the circuit court’s reasoning. In our prior opinion, we reversed the commission because its decision was based on incomplete or inadequate facts. The commission was required to conduct further fact-finding and reconsider its decision. That fact-finding revealed that the exception to the one-half mile rule was inapplicable. The commission conceded that the evidence did not support its conclusion. Nevertheless, it refused to cancel or revoke Acho’s license. Its decision to continue Acho’s license is neither authorized by law nor supported by competent, material and substantial evidence. While it is true that the commission has complete control of liquor traffic,
Acho argues that the commission has the authority to continue the license on the ground of manifest injustice. We disagree. As an agency, the commission has no inherent powers and, therefore, any authority must come from the Legislature. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Michigan v Insurance Commr’s, 403 Mich 399, 424; 270 NW2d 845 (1978), reh den 405 Mich 1001 (1979); Pharris v Secretary of State, 117 Mich App 202; 323 NW2d 652 (1982). The commission’s plenary power to regulate liquor traffic is subject to statutory restraints. Mallchok, 72 Mich App 344. The commission’s rules and regulations, promulgated pursuant to the Liquor Control Act, MCL 436.7; MSA 18.977, prohibit the commission from issuing an SDD license in violation of the one-half mile rule. 1979 AC, R 436.1133. None of the exceptions to the rule applied and, thus, the commission had no discretion to waive the rule. Where a liquor license is issued in violation of a statute, it must be revoked. Gamble v Liquor Control Comm, 323 Mich 576, 578, 580; 36 NW2d 297 (1949); Elliott v Liquor Control
We have reviewed Acho’s remaining arguments and find them without merit.
Aifirmed.
1979 AC, R 436.1133 provides in part:
"An application for a new specially designated distributor license or for the transfer of location of an existing specially designated distributor license shall not be approved by the commission if there is an*107 existing specially designated distributor license located within 2,640 feet of the proposed site. * * * This rule may be waived by the commission for 1 of the following reasons:
"(c) If the proposed location and the existing specially designated distributor’s licensed establishment are separated by a major thoroughfare of not less than 4 lanes of traffic.”
MCL 24.306; MSA 3.560(206) provides:
"(1) Except when a statute or the constitution provides for a different scope of review, the court shall hold unlawful and set aside a decision or order of an agency if substantial rights of the petitioner have been prejudiced because the decision or order is any of the following:
"(a) In violation of the constitution or a statute.
"(b) In excess of the statutory authority or jurisdiction of the agency.
"(c) Made upon unlawful procedure resulting in material prejudice to a party.
"(d) Not supported by competent, material and substantial evidence on the whole record.
"(e) Arbitrary, capricious or clearly an abuse or unwarranted exercise of discretion.
"(f) Affected by other substantial and material error of law.
"(2) The court, as appropriate, may affirm, reverse or modify the decision or order or remand the case for further proceedings.”
But see Semaan v Liquor Control Comm, 136 Mich App 243; 355 NW2d 643 (1984), where this Court, without citing the APA, reviewed the commission’s decision for an abuse of discretion; and Allos v Liquor Control Comm, 97 Mich App 44; 294 NW2d 241 (1980), where the commission’s decision was reviewed under § 106 of the APA for an abuse of discretion. In Ron’s Last Chance, Inc v Liquor Control Comm, 124 Mich App 179; 333 NW2d 502 (1983), the APA’s scope of review was applicable because this Court was reviewing a commission decision to revoke a license, a contested case since due process requires a hearing before a decision is made.
In the prior appeal, this Court held that the commission properly interpreted the term "major thoroughfare” as four traffic lanes excluding lanes for parking. Kassab, 125 Mich App 457. Thus, Acho’s arguments to the contrary are without merit, based on the law of the case doctrine. CAF Investment Co, supra; Cicelski, supra. The commission has formally adopted its definition of "major thoroughfare”. 1979 AC, R 436.1001.
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting). I respectfully dissent.
The decision whether Seven Mile Road became a permanent four-lane major thoroughfare is one that must be made by the commission and not the circuit court. It is for the commission to decide, after an appropriate factual hearing, whether the exception to the one-half mile rule was applicable. Therefore, I would remand this case to the commission for further findings of fact.
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